City on the Klyazma regional center. Geography of the Klyazma River

Vladimir is an ancient Russian city located on the high left bank of the Klyazma River. In former times, the city was called Vladimir-on-Klyazma, it was also called Vladimir-Zalessky, since in relation to Kyiv it was located behind dense forests.

The name of two words was explained by the fact that in the South-West of Rus' on the Luga River at that time there was still a city of Vladimir-Volynsky, now the territory of the Volyn region in Ukraine.

Unlike Vladimir-on-Klyazma, the name of the city Vladimir-Volynsky was officially established.

Vladimir-on-Klyazma became famous for the fact that in the 12th-13th centuries it was the capital of northeastern Rus'. The city is located on a triangular cape, in the place where the Lybid River flows into the Klyazma.

The history of the formation of Vladimir-on-Klyazma

The first sites in this area appeared around 30-25 thousand years BC. uh, later the Volga-Finnish tribes and the Finno-Ugric tribe Merya settled here. The Slavs settled in this region in the 9th-10th centuries.

In the second half of the 11th century, the Rostov-Suzdal lands passed to the son of Yaroslav the Wise, Vsevolod, and then to Vsevolod’s eldest son, Vladimir Monomakh.

  • In 1108, Vladimir Monomakh, on the site of one of the settlements, located on a steep hill on the banks of the Klyazma, founded the city of Vladimir, which became the capital of North-Eastern Rus' and was important in the development of the history and culture of Russia. This is the traditional version of the founding of the city
  • In the 1990s, Vladimir local historians, based on the study of several ancient chronicles, came to the conclusion that the city was founded earlier - in 990 by Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich, under whom the baptism of Rus' took place and who was called the Red Sun.

It was thanks to the efforts of Vladimir Monomakh that the city was fortified and became a stronghold for the defense of the Rostov-Suzdal Principality.

The first fortress was built on a steep hill surrounded by the Klyazma and Lybid rivers and deep ravines. Where there were no natural barriers, deep ditches were dug. The fortifications stretched for two and a half kilometers, these were earthworks, wooden walls and towers. Under Monomakh, the first stone church in the name of the Savior was built.

Later, under Yuri Dolgoruky, the youngest son of Vladimir Monomakh, a stone church was built in the name of the Holy Great Martyr George the Victorious - heavenly patron Prince Yuri Vladimirovich. Both of these churches have not survived.

Vladimir-on-Klyazma - the capital of the principality

In 1157, after the death of Yuri Dolgorukov, his son Andrei Bogolyubsky became the Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal and moved the capital of North-Eastern Rus' to Vladimir.

Under Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky, the white-stone Assumption Cathedral was erected in 1158-1160.

Vladimir was being built up, and the so-called New City appeared in its western part. To protect it, Prince Andrei erected additional defensive structures. The new city was fenced with fortifications in the form of ramparts about 9 meters high, on which wooden walls and four gate towers were built. The wooden towers were called “Volzhsky”, “Irininy” and “Copper”.

For the main entrance to ancient city from the west, from the side of Moscow, the ceremonial white stone Golden Gate with the gate church of the Position of the Robes was erected Holy Mother of God. To enter Vladimir from the east, at the bridge over the Lybid River, on the road to Nizhny Novgorod, Suzdal and the princely castle in Bogolyubovo, the Silver Gate was installed. The path to the craft settlements led through the Copper Gate. Yes, only the Golden Gate has survived to this day.

Golden Gate

The Golden Gate was distinguished by its height, slender proportions and rich decoration. The huge oak gate leaves were covered with gilded bronze sheets, thanks to which the gate got its name. The wooden walls of the New City fortress adjoined the gate.

According to legend, Prince Andrei, who sincerely loved the city, wanted to please the townspeople and open the Golden Gate on the feast of the Dormition of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The builders did not wait for the building to shrink and immediately after the completion of the masonry they hung the gate. As a result, the doors fell and crushed 12 citizens.

Then the prince turned to the Queen of Heaven with a prayer, asking her to save the victims: “If You do not save these people, I, a sinner, will be guilty of their death.” Andrei's prayer was heard and a miracle happened: when the gates were raised, it turned out that all the people crushed by them remained alive and unharmed.

After the murder of Andrei Bogolyubsky in 1174, the grand-ducal table was taken by his younger brother Vsevolod the Big Nest, who was also called Vsevolod III.

Vladimir-on-Klyazma atVsevolod Big Nest

Vsevolod the Big Nest, who at baptism received the name Dmitry of Thessaloniki, was one of the most powerful Russian princes. It was he who became the first to be awarded the title “great,” which was later assigned to the Vladimir princes. During the reign of Vsevolod the Big Nest, the city reached its greatest prosperity.

  • In 1194-1196, white-stone fortifications of the Vladimir Detinets were erected, which had gates reminiscent of the Golden Gate
  • The Nativity Monastery with a white stone church was also built, where the outstanding commander Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky was buried in 1263. Later, his holy relics were transferred to the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in St. Petersburg
  • In the name of the prince's heavenly patron, the Great Martyr Demetrius of Thessaloniki, the white-stone Demetrius Cathedral was built. Small in size, decorated with beautiful stone carvings, the temple is distinguished by its slenderness and grandeur.

After the death of Vsevolod III in 1212, the Vladimir principality was no longer united; it was divided into inheritances of the prince’s sons, and therefore, discord began among the representatives of the Vladimir dynasty.

But even during this difficult time, new churches were built in the city. The capital of North-Eastern Rus' was a beautiful city consisting of three parts, each of which was separated from the other by fortress walls.

In its central part, in the Middle Town, there was a stone fort, and behind its wall stood stone temples. Outside Dytinets, the Church of the Exaltation was built, and in the New Town - the Assumption Princess Monastery for women. The length of the walls and ramparts of the city was about 7 kilometers.

Capture of Vladimir-on-Klyazma by the Mongol-Tatars

In the winter of 1237-1238, the Mongol-Tatars began attacking Rus'. Their victims were Ryazan and Moscow, Kolomna and other cities. In February 1238, their hordes approached Vladimir. At this time, Prince Georgy Vsevolodovich was not in the city; he went north, to the banks of the Sit River, to gather an army.

The defense of the city was led by his sons - Vsevolod and Mstislav, who decided to fight to the end and it was better to die in front of the Golden Gate for the Holy Mother of God than to surrender to the enemy. The city put up fierce resistance to the Mongols; not only Russian chroniclers, but also eastern authors wrote about this.

The enemies were unable to take the fortress by storm, and then, using battering guns, they broke through the fortress wall in the Spas area and entered the city. The captured defenders of Vladimir were brutally destroyed, and there was no exception for princes and nobility.

An important historical event was the move of Metropolitan Peter from Vladimir to Moscow in 1325. At the same time, Dmitry Donskoy achieved recognition of hereditary rights to Vladimir by all neighboring princes and the Horde, which meant the merger of the Moscow and Vladimir principalities.

Vladimir is gradually losing its importance. IN XIV-XV centuries the most revered icons are exported from its cathedrals to Moscow - the image of the Mother of God of Vladimir and the image of the holy great martyr Demetrius of Thessalonica.

Since the overthrow of the Mongol-Tatar yoke at the end of the 15th century, Vladimir has ceased to stand out from a number of other cities Central Russia. And the memory of the great principality is often associated with the unpleasant fact of the dependence of the Russian princes on the Golden Horde khans, who issued permission to reign.

Vladimir-on-Klyazma is the capital of Rus' in the 12th-13th centuries, a city famous for its historical and architectural monuments, many of which were built, suffered from fires and robberies, and then were rebuilt again, reminding us of what Vladimir was like 800 years ago back.

Vladimir(other names Vladimir-on-Klyazma, Vladimir-Zalessky), city in Russia, administrative center of the Vladimir region, cathedral city Vladimir diocese. The ancient capital of North-Eastern Rus'. Located primarily on the left bank of the Klyazma River, 176 km east of Moscow. Population 345.6 thousand (2010).

The date of the initial settlement of people on the site of the city of Vladimir has not been established. It is known that already at the beginning of the century there appeared Slavs. Before their arrival, the indigenous population were Finno-Ugric tribes. Based on archaeological finds, it can be argued that on the site of the current city there was an ancient settlement of the aborigines of the Suzdal land - Meryan, and their distant ancestors lived here long before the birth of Christ.

Capital of Rus'

Vladimir in the era of the Russian Empire

Inventories of the city of Vladimir that have survived to this day XVII century and beginning XVIII centuries indicate that the city was then very poor and sparsely populated. So in 1626 there were only 340 people fit for military service in Vladimir, of which 128 were townspeople, 62 were house servants, 50 were peasants; 10 years later, in 1635, the population increased slightly: there were already 184 townspeople, 100 courtyard people. Judging by the inventory, the city retained its ancient structure and was still divided into three parts: the Kremlin or non-black city, the earthen city, and the dilapidated city.

Monasteries

Temples

Cities on the Klyazma

On the river there are such major cities, like Dolgoprudny, Shchelkovo, Korolev, Losino-Petrovsky, Noginsk, Pavlovsky Posad, Orekhovo-Zuevo, Sobinka, Vladimir, Kovrov, Vyazniki, Gorokhovets.
About 1.7 million people live along the banks of the river. And in the river basin - over 3.3 million.

Dolgoprudny - a city of regional subordination in the Moscow region of Russia, located 18 km north along railway from Savyolovsky Station in Moscow on the Klyazma River. Adjacent to Moscow in the north, to Khimkam in the northeast and to the Northern district of Moscow in the west; from the north and west it is limited by the Moscow Canal. The city included different times the village of Khlebnikovo, the village of Paveltsevo, the working village of Sheremetyevsky, located in the north beyond the Moscow Canal. Population (2011) - 91.3 thousand people. (2010 - 84.4 thousand people, 2004 - 74 thousand, 1991 - 71.1 thousand, 1970 - 53 thousand, 1938 - 8 thousand)

Shchelkovo -city of district subordination in the Moscow region of Russia. Administrative center of Shchelkovsky district. The largest settlement of the municipal formation "Urban Settlement Shchelkovo". Population - 108,056 people (2010). City area - 28.10 km². Located 13 km northeast of Moscow, on the Klyazma River. Railway stations Sokolovskaya, Voronok, Shchelkovo, Gagarinskaya, Chkalovskaya, Bakhchivandzhi, within the city on the Mytishchi-Monino-Yaroslavl direction. On the south-eastern outskirts of the city there is the Chkalovsky military airfield.

Korolev - (founded on December 26, 1938; until July 8, 1996 - Kaliningrad) - city-regional subordination in the Moscow region of Russia, science city (from April 12, 2001). Forms a city district of the same name. Population - 183,398 people (2011). Korolyov is often unofficially called the space capital of Russia. Korolev cooperates with 52 cities from 26 countries in the field of economics, education, culture, healthcare and trade. Forests within the city cover an area of ​​3,800 hectares. Also within the city limits there is part of the Yauzsky Wetland Complex tract.

Losino-Petrovsky - a city of regional subordination in the Moscow region of Russia, 24 km northeast of Moscow, on the Klyazma River. Located 3 km from the Monino railway station. Name before 1928 - Losinaya Sloboda. Until 1996, the city was part of the Shchelkovsky district, at present it is an independent municipal entity “Losino-Petrovsky Urban District”. It borders with the Shchelkovo-Noginsk districts of the Moscow region. Population 22.4 thousand people. (2010).

Noginsk - a city in Russia, the administrative center of the Noginsk district of the Moscow region, the largest settlement of the municipal formation “City Settlement Noginsk”. Population - 99,762 people (2010 census). The city is located on the Klyazma River (a tributary of the Oka), 51 km (35 from the Moscow Ring Road) east of Moscow, on the northwestern border of the Meshchera Lowland.


Pavlovsky Posad - a city in the Moscow region, the center of the Pavlovo Posad district. Located at the confluence of the Vokhny and Klyazma rivers 68 km east of Moscow. It is part of the municipal formation "Urban settlement Pavlovsky Posad". Population - 63.7 thousand people. (2011). The city is famous for its textile industry, primarily for the production of Pavlovo Posad scarves and shawls.

Orekhovo-Zuevo - a city of regional subordination in the Moscow region of Russia, 89 km east of the center of Moscow (78 km from the MKAD), on the Klyazma River. Junction of railway lines Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod and Alexandrov - Kurovskaya. It is the center of the Orekhovo-Zuevskaya agglomeration with a population of 276 thousand people. Population 121.1 thousand people (2010).

Cockerels - a city in the Russian Federation, the administrative center of the Petushinsky district of the Vladimir region, forms municipality"City of Roosters" Population 15,148 inhabitants (2010). The cockerels are located on the left bank of the riverKlyazma (Volga basin), 67 km southwest of Vladimir, 120 km east of Moscow.

Sobinka - a city in Russia, the administrative center of the Sobinsky district of the Vladimir region. Forms the urban settlement "Sobinka City". Population - 19,482 people (2010). Located 37 km southwest ofVladimir, on the right bank of the Klyazma River (a tributary of the Oka), in the northwestern part of the Meshchera Lowland.

Vladimir - a historical city in Russia, the administrative center of the Vladimir region. Located primarily on the left bank of the Klyazma River, 176 km east of Moscow. Ancient capital of North-Eastern Rus'; one of the country's largest tourist centers; included in the Golden Ring of Russia. Transport hub on the road (M7 Volga) and railway (Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod: Vladimir station) highways.
City area: 308 km². The population, according to Rosstat, as of January 1, 2012, is 345.9 thousand people.

Starodub on Klyazma - ancient Russian city - capitalStarodub principality (1218 - beginning of the 15th century) and the center of Russian Opole in the 12th-14th centuries. The city was located on the banks of the Klyazma River, 12 kilometers northeast of the modern city of Kovrov, Vladimir region. Currently, the village of Klyazminsky Gorodok, Kovrovsky district, Vladimir region, is located here.

Kovrov - city in Russia, administrative center of the Kovrovsky district of the Vladimir region (not included in the district). A large railway junction on the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod line. Population 145,214 people. (2010). Kovrov bears the honorary title of City of Military Glory (presidential decree Russian Federation dated November 3, 2011 No. 1456). The city is located on the right bank of the Klyazma River (a tributary of the Oka), 64 km from Vladimir and 250 km northeast of Moscow.