Rows - very poisonous mushrooms, which under no circumstances should be eaten. Another name for these mushrooms is poisonous talker. Some types of rows contain a large dose of the alkaloid muscarine, exceeding the content of this substance in the red fly agaric.
On this page you can find out what talker mushrooms look like, where they grow and what counterparts they have. You will see photos of poisonous rows and get acquainted with their description.
Clitocybe dealbata cap (diameter 2-6 cm): off-white or grayish, it may have gray or brownish spots. A young whitish talker's cap has a slightly convex shape with evenly turned up edges; an adult's cap becomes almost horizontally flat, while an old one's is pressed inward. To the touch upper part The mushroom is smooth and silky; after rain it can become covered with sticky mucus, and in very dry weather it can crack.
Leg (height 2-5 cm): usually curved, cylindrical in shape, expanding from bottom to top. Old mushrooms are usually hollow, while young mushrooms are always solid.
As you can see in the photo of the white talker, the color of the mushroom stem is the same as that of the cap; when pressed hard, it darkens.
Records: white, grayish or dirty yellow.
Pulp: fibrous, white. Does not change color when cut or exposed to air. No special smell. Thick whitish juice is released when cut.
Doubles: other poisonous talkers, such as reddish (Clitocybe rivulosa) and waxy (Clitocybe cerussata), as well as edible mushrooms - (Marasmius oreades) and (Clitopilus prunulus). The whitish one differs in color from the reddish talker. The waxy one is larger. Cherry is characterized by a persistent strong powdery odor, and meadow honey fungus, which can often be found nearby, has an almond scent and a brownish cap with loose plates.
When it grows: from the end of June to the beginning of November in countries of the Northern Hemisphere with a temperate climate.
Where to find: does not like dense forests and usually grows in lawns, pastures or in areas where forests have been cleared.
Eating: A very poisonous mushroom, it should never be eaten. Whitish talker contains a large dose of the alkaloid muscarine, which has a strong effect on nervous system. The content of this substance surpasses even the red fly agaric.
does not apply.
Important! Symptoms of whitish talker poisoning appear quite quickly - within 30-40 minutes after consumption. Breathing becomes impaired, blood pressure changes, severe diarrhea, sweating and vomiting begin. In this case, it is necessary to urgently contact a qualified medical care, since only medications will be a reliable antidote for poisoning.
Other names: the talker is discolored.
What translucent talker mushrooms look like
Cap of Clitocybe diatreta (diameter 2.5-5 cm): spread out or slightly depressed in the center. Smooth to the touch, without wrinkles or plaque. The color intensifies after rain and changes depending on the age of the mushroom: in young ones it is dark, and in adults it is usually flesh-colored or white. The edges of the upper part are turned inward, they are lighter than the core and are almost transparent to light.
Leg (height 2-5 cm): matte, fibrous, cylindrical. Smooth to the touch, sometimes with slight pubescence. The color is usually light beige, slightly lighter than the cap, noticeably darkening at the base of the old mushroom. In a humid environment the shade intensifies.
Translucent row plates: of uneven length, firmly attached to the cap.
Pulp: whitish and without a distinct odor. When cut or exposed to air, the color does not change.
Doubles: are missing.
Where to find: prefers sandy soils of pine forests, less often birch forests. This mushroom is very unpretentious and can grow on both fertilized and infertile soils.
The inedible row mushroom of this species grows from mid-May to the end of October in almost all countries of Eurasia and North Africa.
Eating: not used in cooking as it is very poisonous.
Use in folk medicine: is not used by traditional healers.
In official medicine, scientists isolate the antitumor antibiotic diatretin from the translucent talker. The active substances of the artificially grown mushroom help in the treatment of tubercle bacilli.
Important! The mushroom contains fairly large amounts of the alkaloid muscarine, which has a strong effect on the nervous system.
Other names: cup-shaped talker, diatret talker.
Poisonous mushroom govorushka (row) gray
Cap of the gray poisonous row (Clitocybe vibecina) (diameter 3-6 cm): gray, light brown or beige, can fade to lighter. In young mushrooms it is hemispherical, but over time it becomes flatter or even depressed. The surface is dry and smooth, without plaque or scales. In a humid forest it can be shiny, but in dry and hot weather it shrinks. The edges of the cap are very thin; in young mushrooms they are curved towards the inside and are lighter in color than the center.
Leg (height 3-8 cm): hard, cylindrical, solid, in old mushrooms it can be hollow. Dry, the same color as the cap. There is slight pubescence at the very base.
Pay attention to the photo of the gray talker: its plates are moderately frequent, all of varying lengths. Pale gray or pale brown; in wet weather the color is more intense.
Pulp: very thin and pale, with a rancid floury smell and unpleasant taste.
The name of the mushroom is translated from Greek as “bruise” or “bruise.”
Doubles: externally similar to relatives-talkers - weakly odorous (Clitocybe ditopa) and weakly colored (Clitocybe metachroa). But the weakly odorous one has a shorter leg, and a grayish coating is noticeable on the surface of the cap, while the weakly colored talker has no odor.
The gray talker mushroom grows from the end of July to mid-September in almost all countries of northern Europe.
Where to find: in coniferous and deciduous forests with increased acidity soil. It especially likes to grow in moss.
Eating: not used due to unpleasant smell and taste.
Use in folk medicine: does not apply.
Other names: grayish talker, grooved talker, brown talker, Lange talker.
Poisonous tiger rower (talker) and its photo
Tiger cap (Tricholoma pardinum) (diameter 5-14 cm): grayish or off-white, hemispheric or bell-shaped, becoming more prostrate over time. The edges are very thin and rolled down. There are characteristic concentric flaky scales, the color of which is much darker than the rest of the mushroom skin.
Leg (height 6-16 cm): usually white or grayish, may be ocher at the base. Solid, cylindrical in shape and tapering from bottom to top.
Records: white, less often with a greenish tint, fleshy.
As you can see in the photo, the poisonous tiger row has dense, yellowish flesh when cut, which does not change color when exposed to air. Mushroom pickers say that tiger row has a rich, floury smell.
Doubles: Despite the characteristic surface of the cap, the tiger row can be confused with the black-scaled (Tricholoma atrosquamosum), earthy (Tricholoma terreum), gray (Tricholoma portentosum) and reddish (Tricholoma orirubens) rows. But in the black-scaled row, scales cover not only the cap, but also the leg, while the earthy row lacks the characteristic shade of the plates and the floury smell. The gray one has scales on its cap, but they are very rare.
Mushroom picking is a fascinating activity that requires extensive knowledge. A large number of edible mushrooms grow along with poisonous ones, although sometimes even their names are approximately the same. For example, row mushrooms have large number varieties and you need to understand them well, carefully study the description, know what poisonous specimens can look like, so as not to accidentally get poisoned.
They got their name from the peculiarity of their location - these plants like to grow close to each other in a row, often forming circles. If a person is going mushroom hunting for the first time, then it is important to study the characteristics of these plants.
This plant is also called sulfur row, the Latin name is Tricholoma sulphureum. Its appearance is very characteristic and difficult to confuse: a young mushroom has a cone-shaped cap, as it grows it straightens out, but a small tubercle remains in the center. The color of the cap is pale yellow, the color in the center is brown. The plates underneath are sparse and yellowish. When broken, the flesh is sulfur-yellow with loose fibers.
The leg can reach 10 cm, the diameter is small, about 1 cm, curved, brown or pale yellow in color. The leg widens towards the base. In a young sulfur-yellow row it is full, but as it ages it dries out from the inside and becomes hollow.
Places of growth
Grows in hilly areas or mountains. Any soil is suitable, even poorly fertilized.
Fruiting season
You can pick mushrooms from July to October.
Edibility of sulfur-yellow row
The sulfur-yellow row is inedible due to its taste - when cooked, it is characterized by a sharp, unpleasant taste and smell. She's poisonous.
What other rows exist?
Another mushroom that tastes unpleasant is the white row.
Its hat is peculiar: convex - in young specimens, in old ones it straightens out, and the edges are tucked inward. The skin is dry to the touch. When broken, white flesh with a powdery unpleasant odor is visible. The leg is also white, matching the hat. Can be found in the forest from late August to October.
Eating it is impossible due to its bitter taste; the issue of its toxicity has not yet been precisely studied.
Soap row
It is a non-poisonous mushroom, but its specific soapy smell discourages eating it. Cone-shaped hat. The flesh is white, but turns slightly pink after cutting. The stem is dense, slightly lighter in color than the cap. The shape of the legs varies - from cylindrical to spindle-shaped. Loves coniferous forests with acidified soil.
Separate row
Its cap is initially cone-shaped, then gradually it straightens, the ends bend upward, and a tubercle remains in the middle of the circle. The color is greenish or brown, darkening in the center. White when broken, with a pleasant floury smell.
The leg is dense, thick, slightly curved, covered with pale yellow spots, and has scales. It tastes bitter, but some people eat it after boiling.
Prefers deciduous forests, but is sometimes found in coniferous forests.
This species is difficult to distinguish from the pale grebe, which causes severe poisoning, therefore, it is better for inexperienced mushroom pickers to refrain from collecting such rows.
Edible
But not only poisonous mushrooms are found among the row family.
Lilac-legged rower
The cap is large, can grow up to 15-16 cm in diameter. Its shape changes depending on age: round - bell-shaped - flat. The color is completely different: white, rich yellow, cream, and sometimes acquires a bluish tint.
An interesting and unique stem makes it easy to distinguish the mushroom from its fellows: dense, quite wide, with a rich purple. Thanks to this feature, it has many different names: blueberry, violet row, lepista, titmouse.
You can find the purple-legged rower in deciduous forests, on manure heaps, pastures, and in areas where the soil is well fertilized. Appears in two layers, the first in May, the second in October or November.
The mushroom is valued for its taste. Goes well with meat recipes.
The row is truncated
A tasty edible mushroom with a faint floral scent of violets. The cap is small, cone-shaped, gradually straightens slightly, the color is brown with a pink tint. The edges are wavy. It is distributed in deciduous forests, where it can be found both in summer and autumn.
The truncated row can be consumed fried, boiled, or pickled.
Gray row
Very delicious mushroom, which is found in coniferous and mixed forests, prefers sandy soil. Interestingly, it forms mycorrhiza with pine, receiving from it the necessary amino acids and various carbohydrates, and helping the tree in the processing of mineral compounds.
The mushroom cap can reach large sizes - up to 15 cm. In young specimens, it has edges curved downwards, with age they straighten and can curl upward.
The leg is thin, about 1-2 cm, slightly widening at the base.
When cracked, white or slightly gray flesh can be seen. The mushroom has a very pleasant taste with a delicate powdery smell. It can already be collected on spring days, when the snow has just melted - the row is suitable for food after thawing.
You can cook it in any form: marinate, fry, boil. Before preparing the gray row, the skin is removed from it. After boiling in salted water, the mushroom becomes gray with a light brown tint.
The following rows are also edible: earthen, pigeon and many others. Some species can even be found in a city park or in a vegetable garden near a fence.
We invite you to look at the edible and inedible row mushrooms in the photo, and then we will continue to familiarize ourselves with these varieties of representatives of the mushroom kingdom:
Mushroom row in the photo
Mushroom row in the photo
Inedible white row mushrooms in the photo
Porcini mushrooms are inedible mushrooms: the photo below shows their appearance, which every mushroom picker should remember. The cap is 3-8 cm in diameter, in young specimens it is convex with a curved edge, then open and curved, dry, smooth, white, sometimes with a creamy tint. The plates are notched white, with a creamy tint in depth. The leg is hard, elastic, white, 5-10 cm long and up to 1 cm thick. The pulp is white, dense with an unpleasant musty smell of laundry soap.
Grows in deciduous, mixed and coniferous forests, especially on limestone soils. Forms “witch circles” and is often found in forest belts. Appears in large numbers shortly after rain.
Fruits from July to October.
The white row is similar to the poisonous whitish talker mushroom (Cliticybe dealbata), which is distinguished by a floury smell, the presence of concentric circles on the cap and plates running down to the stem.
Edible varieties of the row mushroom are presented below; it is worth studying them to understand the important differences in appearance.
Lilac-legged rower (Lepista personata)
Lilac-legged row in the photo
The mushroom is edible. You can examine this mushroom row in the photo and in the description in quite detail: the hairy cap is 5-14 cm in diameter, in young specimens it is strongly convex yellowish-brown with a rolled-up lavender edge, then flat-convex, open smooth light, yellowish-beige or white with lilac tint. The plates are low, frequent, adherent, descending, white or pale cream, not purple. The leg is cylindrical fibrous, glabrous, light purple or with purple streaks, 3-8 cm long and 2-3 cm thick. The flesh is white, pale purple when cut.
It grows on the edges of deciduous and mixed forests, on pastures with humus-rich soil, on potato fields and on the lawns of parks and gardens.
There are no poisonous doubles.
Gray rower (Tricholoma portentosum)
The mushroom is edible. Look at these varieties of row mushrooms in the photo: the caps are 5-10 cm in diameter, in young specimens they are convex, then open and curved, with cracks along the edges, dry, gray-olive or gray with a purple tint. The plates are white or yellowish, adherent to the teeth. The leg is cylindrical, fibrous, whitish, 5-12 cm long and 1 cm thick; if cut, it quickly breaks into separate tufts. The pulp is whitish-yellow with a floury smell and taste.
Grows in mixed and coniferous forests, on sandy soils and on moss-covered peatlands. In Russia, it is sold in markets in the fall.
Fruits from August to November. It is especially appreciated in late autumn, when there are already few other mushrooms.
The inedible twin, the striped row (Tricholoma virigatum), differs from the row by its gray conical cap and the greater streakiness of the young mushrooms.
Purple or titmouse (Lepista nuda)
The mushroom is edible. The fleshy cap is 5-14 cm in diameter, in young specimens it is convex, lilac or reddish-violet, then flat-convex, open, sometimes curved at the beginning of fruiting under the leaves, smooth violet or violet-brown. The plates are frequent, adherent, white or pale purple. The stalk is cylindrical, fibrous, glabrous, light purple, 5-8 cm long and 1-3 cm thick. The flesh is purple, then white-gray, pale lilac when cut.
It grows on the edges of coniferous and mixed forests, in meadows, along roads, especially on fallen conifer needles.
Fruits from August to November. Maximum fruiting in September and before frost.
There are no poisonous doubles.
The mushroom is suitable for any options culinary processing. This is one of the most popular edible, easily identified mushrooms.
The mushroom is edible. The caps are up to 10 cm in diameter; in young specimens they are convex, finely fibrous, then open, finely scaly. The plates are often light cream, and when damaged they turn pink-brown. The leg is cylindrical, fibrous, hard, white, brownish below, 5-12 cm long and 1 cm thick. The pulp is white with a pleasant smell, sometimes slightly bitter.
Grows in deciduous, mixed and coniferous forests on acidic and neutral soils.
Fruits in large quantities from August to October.
Scaly grass is similar to the inedible cow grass (Tricholoma vaccinum), which has bitter flesh and a scalier cap.
Mushroom picking or silent hunting is a very exciting and rewarding activity. They are tasty and healthy, if, of course, you know exactly the “right” mushroom, that is, you approach this activity competently in order to avoid sad consequences.
At the same time as edible mushrooms, their poisonous counterparts also emerge.
Difference and description of rows
In nature, row mushrooms are found both poisonous and edible, but they can be eaten only after careful processing (after boiling). It is quite difficult to distinguish them, since appearance they are very similar, so before collecting it is important to study the photo and description of row mushrooms.
Thus, poisonous mushrooms have smooth caps that are colored exclusively white and have an unpleasant pungent odor.
Edible ones look more attractive - they come in different colors (pink, purple, lilac, gray and similar colors), with a stem of the corresponding shade. Under the mushroom cap there are bright yellow plates. If you cut the mushroom lengthwise, you will see that the flesh will be the same color as the plates.
Row mushrooms can be found in the fall (from September to the very end of October) in the forest on the surface of the forest floor or on the soil among moss. They especially bear fruit in large “friendly” groups after the first autumn frosts.
According to the description of experienced mushroom pickers, rows, or rather some of their types, have an exceptional, unique taste, but each of them is worth trying.
Main types of rows
The row family includes more than 2 thousand species, but not all of them grow in Russia. Here are the most common ones:
Violet - edible rows on a dense stem thickened towards the bottom with a flat convex cap, the edges of which are curved inward. The color of this species must have a violet hue.
The pulp of the mushroom is fleshy and dense with a pleasant smell; over time it burns out and becomes light and hollow.
The row is goose or two-color. The mushroom is cream or beige in color, dense with a cap diameter of a maximum of 15 centimeters. Whitish plates under the cap are quite often located.
The giant row or white piglet lives up to its name, that is, large mushroom with a large massive cap (diameter about 40 centimeters).
The skin is white in color and covered with small scales. The cap is wrapped inside the mushroom in the form of a funnel. The short thick stem is covered with white fibers with a coating in the form of flour.
A special type of mushroom is the May row mushroom or St. George's mushroom. The name is directly related to fruiting immediately after the snow melts in May; they can be found in almost any forest belt.
This species is quite unpretentious and does not require special conditions for growth. But with the onset of summer, the mushroom completely disappears.
St. George's mushroom has no competitors, since the bulk of the harvest usually occurs in the autumn season, and its color cannot be ignored.
Properties and uses of row mushrooms
Edible rows contain a large amount of B vitamins, manganese and zinc and have antibacterial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. Patients with tuberculosis benefit from the pulp of the mushroom, but do not forget about prior consultation with specialists. It is important to know that gray rowers can cause acute poisoning of the body!
Rows can be eaten in any form: stewed, salted, fried, pickled and boiled forms of processing. Both young and mature specimens can be collected and prepared.
The crop must first be thoroughly cleaned, then rinsed thoroughly. running water and boil for about 20 minutes in salted water.
If you prepare this type of mushroom correctly, their taste resembles the taste of boiled meat, which is why aromatic mushroom caviar is made from them.
The mushroom is suitable for dietary nutrition and refers to vegetarian cuisine.
Its calorie content is quite low (19 kcal) and successfully harmonizes with carbohydrates.
In practice, it has been proven that regular consumption of rows blunts the growth and reproduction of dangerous cancer cells, calms the nervous system and increases human immunity. They are even used to make a number of drugs for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and some antibiotics.
Traditional medicine uses the specimen for the preparation of medicinal tinctures, healing ointments and lotions. To remove acne and skin irritations, cosmetologists use powder from dried rows.
Mushroom lovers need to know that in case of diseases of the stomach, gall bladder and similar diseases, one should not overuse rows in order to prevent exacerbations, abdominal pain and heaviness in the stomach.
Photo of row mushroom
The row mushroom, a photo and description of which can be seen below, has long been valued by mushroom pickers. But it is also fraught with danger, because there are edible and inedible rows, therefore, when collecting these mushrooms, you need to be very careful and careful. Edible rows are often found in temperate forests and bear fruit in large groups in the autumn. Peak fruiting occurs in September and early October.
The row mushroom has long been valued by mushroom pickers
Most often found in forests are purple rower, gray, lilac-legged, giant, as well as crowded and yellow-red. The gray and crowded rows are famous because of their taste qualities. The yellow-red one is not as tasty, however, all types of edible rows are worth trying.
It is also called titmouse or cyanosis. Distinctive feature This mushroom is characterized by a change in the color of the cap during ripening. The initially bright purple or even brown cap becomes pale purple with a brownish tint when ripe. The shape of the cap also changes: initially it looks like a hemisphere, but then it becomes spread out or even concave, while the edges are still curved down. The stem of the mushroom is cylindrical, its height ranges from 3 to 8 cm, and its diameter ranges from 0.7 to 2 cm.
The flesh of the mushroom is dense and has a strong aroma. You can find violet row mushrooms almost anywhere, but most of them are in coniferous and mixed forests. In such forests, rows should be looked for in open areas for humus. These mushrooms grow in groups or circles. They are frost-resistant and grow until late autumn.
Under no circumstances should you collect these mushrooms in the city, because they very actively absorb various types of pollutants, especially heavy metals.
You can cook blueberries in any way, but it is advisable to cook them a little before cooking. These mushrooms are very healthy, they contain a lot of vitamins, and they are also used to prepare some antibiotics. You can see what the bluish marks look like in photo 1.
Poplar row mushrooms (video)
Lilac-legged rower
Because of the characteristic color of the leg, it is also called blueleg. She also changes the shape of her hat from a hemisphere to a completely flat one. The cap is large, reaching 15-16 cm or more in diameter. The taste of bluelegs is very similar to champignons. Fruiting of these mushrooms occurs from March to June, and then from October until frost. You can find this row at the edge of the forest, in the grass, in the meadows. You can see it in photo 2.
Like the blueberry, the lilac-legged row should be boiled before cooking, then it can be prepared in any way: boiled, fried, pickled or sealed in jars.
Poplar row
This is another autumn representative of the family, bearing fruit from late August to November. It got its name from the fact that it can often be found next to poplar trees. The fact is that poplar row is a mushroom that has the ability to form mycorrhiza with the roots of this tree.
The cap of this row has a round shape, its diameter ranges from 6-12 cm. The cap is somewhat slippery, so it is often covered with moss. Its color can be red or brown; over time, cracks appear at the edges and it changes its shape to a flat one. The leg is brownish in color, very fleshy. You can find this mushroom in deciduous forests, where poplar grows.
Under the skin, the pulp of the poplar row is reddish. Its taste is mealy and can sometimes be bitter. Poplar rows can be grown indoors, but certain conditions must be provided. These include high humidity, a natural light source and the presence of fresh air. The temperature should be about 12-15 °C.
Green row
In common parlance it is often called greenfinch. It received this name due to the fact that even after heat treatment the fruit body retains its greenish color. As a rule, it grows in pine needles, only the cap is visible from the outside. It usually grows in small colonies in late autumn; other mushrooms are difficult to find in the forest at this time. Like other representatives of this family, the green row has a rounded cap, which straightens with age. The hat has clearly visible fibrous rays that spread out to the edges. The diameter ranges from 4 to 12 cm. The mushroom itself is very fragile, the flesh is white or yellowish, and has a nutty flavor.
Greenfinch is considered conditionally edible. This does not mean that the green row is poisonous, but precautions must be taken when preparing it. These mushrooms are usually prepared salted and dried. They are also very tasty fresh, but require proper heat treatment. Before cooking, the mushroom must be washed well and the skin removed from the cap.
Greenfinch has its counterpart: the greenfly is poisonous and unsuitable for consumption, so you need to be very careful when collecting. You should not overuse greenfinches, as they are considered mushrooms that are difficult for the stomach.
Gray row (video)
Gray row
Another representative of the row family is the gray row mushroom. His hat is dark gray, sometimes with a purple tint. Its dimensions reach 4-10 cm. In young mushrooms it is very smooth, but over time it becomes rotten and no longer looks so attractive. The leg is usually high, up to 10 cm in height, and quite wide. The pulp is white, sometimes it can be pale gray in color, very pleasant to the taste. These mushrooms are harvested from October to November. Sometimes they can be found in December. Mushrooms choose pine forests as their habitat and grow there in large groups. Greenfinches can often be found next to the colonies of the sulfur row.
Remember that the description of the mushroom is similar to poisonous members of the family, so they should only be collected by those who can accurately distinguish this species from others.
Thus, the family of orchards is very diverse, and if you have knowledge, you will reap a good harvest in the forest, which you can please both yourself and your loved ones. These mushrooms can be consumed both fresh and dried. You can close them in a jar, it makes an excellent seal. Unfortunately, among the edible, tasty members of the family there are also poisonous ones that can cause harm to health. It is very important to follow the collection rules, and then these mushrooms will delight you with their taste.
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