Golden autumn- Vasily Dmitrievich Polenov. 1893. Oil on canvas. 77x124 cm
A born landscape painter, Vasily Dmitrievich Polenov, made a huge contribution to the development and evolution of this genre. The wonderful painting “Golden Autumn” belongs to the second period of the painter’s landscape creativity. The thing is that critics divide all of Polenov’s landscape works into two stages - before the mid-1880s and after.
Having become fascinated by the landscape in , in the creative expedition that Polenov conducted together with, the master already in his first works demonstrated an individual approach to this genre - the widest plein air, freshness, saturation of colors, naturalness, clear clear drawing and precise composition. Later, the author abandoned the deliberate task, creating poetic masterpieces full of love for nature and admiration for the world around him. This is the painting “Golden Autumn”, painted in 1893.
Why is this painting so attractive even more than a hundred years after its creation? Perhaps the answer to this question lies in the personal preferences of the author. As you know, Polenov’s favorite time of year was autumn, and the author had a special relationship with the Oka, which is depicted in the picture - the author lived on the banks of this river for more than twenty years, never ceasing to admire and admire it. Back in 1890, the artist moved to the Borok estate in the village of Bekhovo, and three years later this painting appeared.
The composition of the painting is subordinated to a geometric line - the space is organized using an arc. This arched image of the river is a characteristic Polenovsky technique that forms the composition. The author abandoned his usual comparison of two plans, distant and foreground, leaving only a wide open space. The viewer imagines himself standing on the top of some hill, and from this point a magnificent colorful September landscape helpfully stretches out in front of him. Moreover, local residents easily recognized this place - the master depicted everything truthfully and realistically. The view of the Oka opens from the opposite side of the Ochkovye Mountains, and in the upper right corner you can see a white bell tower glistening in the sun.
A wide panoramic spread does not immediately “reveal” all the cards - rather, our gaze follows the river, rushing further and further, deeper into the picture. Submitting to the intricate trajectory set by the author, the viewer gradually comprehends all the delights of the opening view, which shows us the riot and variety of autumn colors.
For all its richness and diversity, the color of the picture is surprisingly harmonious. The “multi-colored” autumn itself finds a talented poetic interpretation within the framework of the canvas, thanks to the brilliant flair of the author. The general color is yellow in all its tonal variations: from soft ocher to solemn gold. Yellow birch trees surround the river in orderly rows, but through their thick, showy attire one can see the dark green foliage of some other tree with spreading branches. Most likely, this is an oak tree that has not yet been touched, has not yet been painted in autumn, and it still carries the echo of an irrevocably passing summer. The ocher color is also diluted by green young fir trees, planted unevenly in an open meadow along a well-trodden path, and a gentle sandy bank on the opposite side of the river.
The noble juxtaposition of yellow and green is brightened by blue coloring. It is in the bend of the Oka, and in the sky, covered with small islands of lush clouds, and in the thin smoky line of the horizon, giving the picture airiness and weightlessness.
The sky in this work deserves special attention and detailed analysis. The artist managed to “catch” all the shades here and convey their flickering - from the gray tones of the clouds to the light blue of the sky and pink lines born from the reflections of the sun. All this is subject to its own rhythm, and it seems that the sky is devoid of static, and the eyes are about to begin to notice smooth movement.
The image of the surface of the river is also interesting. The mirror ribbed surface was able to absorb all the colors of the canvas. Here is the noble blue of the river itself, and the reflection of the yellow leaves of the trees, and the duplication of the sky, which thereby “loops” the composition.
Polenov was known as the creator of the “intimate” landscape, in the concept that all the natural beauty revealed in his paintings is somehow close to the heart, dear and understandable. It seems that any viewer, peering at Polenov’s work, will remember his own story - everyone, for sure, in their life had their own favorite sloping bank, a birch grove, a dusty path trampled by riders, a yellowed meadow, a village church, such a sun-drenched day that We carefully store it in our souls.
It is this warm feeling, born from contemplating Polenov’s landscapes, that makes his work so attractive and even hypnotizing. And also the unconditional genius of Polenov the painter and his sincere boundless love for the Russian land.
The beauty of Russian nature has always attracted the attention of poets, writers, composers and artists. Therefore, many masters of the painting brush turned to this topic. One of these unsurpassed masters of painting is I.I. Levitan. His paintings clearly and clearly show love and admiration for his native nature.
One of his paintings is called “Golden Autumn”. This landscape reproduction was created by a wonderful artist in 1895 and, despite the fact that so much time has passed, it still evokes feelings of admiration for the masterpiece created by Levitan. After all, his autumn landscape bright and sunny. He cannot leave a single person indifferent.
Therefore, one can rightfully call I. Levitan an artist of mood, as his contemporaries often called him. He could skillfully convey the beauty of his native land, show her in such a way that it would be impossible not to love her. Penetrating into the heart of everyone, it teaches not only to see beauty, but also shows how to appreciate it.
This painting by Levitan made such a huge impression on I. Tretyakov, who immediately purchased it for her art collection. IN modern world art this painting can be seen in the Tretyakov Gallery. In it, she is considered a real asset.
Levitan’s painting “Golden Autumn” depicts an autumn birch grove, which is changeable and unique in its attire. The foreground of the picture attracts attention, where two small aspen trees are comfortably located, on which almost all the leaves have already fallen. And here are the birches that flash their golden tops. In the picture they are located slightly to the side from the main landscape. But all attention, of course, is drawn to the wonderful birch grove, which surprises with its extraordinary golden decoration.
The trunks of the birches are snow-white, and the trees themselves are depicted as if they are dressed in bright outfits, which have an unusual yellow-orange hue. If you look closely at the picture, you will notice that the birch leaves are depicted by the artist as if they are fluttering in the wind. Illuminated by the rays of the sun, they shimmer and shine brightly. This creates the image of golden decorations on girl trees.
One of these beautiful birches stands on the right bank of the river, far from its friends. That's why she seems so lonely. But the river water is still and cold. The artist placed the river in his painting on the right so that the birch grove could be reflected in the mirror surface. But what else is reflected in the river? This is the sky, huge, bright, blue, across which huge white clouds float.
Reflected in the mirror-clear river water are the branches of the bush that has grown on the river bank and, under the rays of the sun, now shimmers with reddish colors and shades. But it was this delicate and amazing bush that allowed the artist to steal and diversify the left bank of the river.
The calm and peaceful surface of the river allowed the artist Levitan to complement the landscape, which he was able to convey so accurately and so amazingly. The author of the painting was able to color schemes show all the beauty and charm of the autumn landscape. To the right of the water there are beautiful willows, their branches hanging low to the river. They have not yet lost their former beauty and now, despite the fact that everything is gold, they still stand, as before, green. They create a charming contrast between autumn, which has already arrived, and summer, which has already passed.
But summer leaves and says goodbye, and autumn only conquers new territories more and more. An invisible battle takes place between the seasons and this, of course, is reflected in nature, which transforms and changes its outfit. Levitan shows how autumn gradually wins over summer: the greenery has become less bright and rich, it is no longer juicy, and is very different from the state it was in just recently, in the summer.
The whole earth is covered with grass, but it too has succumbed to autumn and turned yellow. But still, here and there a strand of green grass still flickers, like a small reminder of summer. And now new elements are woven into this wonderful and extraordinary grass carpet - fallen leaves that are crimson and yellow. The artist chose rich and bright colors to depict the grass, and in some places you can see dark spots, which appeared as a shadow from the trees.
It is worth paying attention to the background of Levitan’s painting. Here you can see not only forests and fields that were sown with winter crops, but distant and almost invisible houses. The fields seem as if spring has arrived, as greenery is visible everywhere, lush and rich. But then the artist makes a sharp contrast and switches to yellow and brown flowers, which bring us back to reality and shows that, after all, autumn has already arrived in nature.
An interesting and charming painting by the famous and magnificent artist I.I. Levitan creates a wonderful lyrical mood. The colors of the canvas “Golden Autumn” please with its unusually bright shades that make autumn nature so pleasing. It is this picturesque landscape that helps the magical brush of the master of painting awaken sincere love for his native land. How amazing and beautiful this picture is! It is impossible to take your eyes off the beauty of nature depicted by Levitan.
It’s simply amazing how nature was able to create such a miracle, and now it delights everyone and forces us to be more attentive to what surrounds us. It is Levitan who shows with his painting that it is worth paying attention not only to the general landscape, but also to consider small details and details that help create a special and even poetic mood.
That's why autumn helped, and sometimes even awakened in the hearts of many poets and writers the desire to create. Among them we can name such famous and great people as Mikhail Prishvin, Alexander Pushkin, Konstantin Paustovsky and others. They all have wonderful works dedicated to autumn time and her natural and unusual beauty, which is impossible not to love.
The painting “Golden Autumn” encourages people not to pass by the beautiful, to pay attention to nature, to see its fabulous and unearthly beauty. The artist urges people to take care of the most valuable things that have been created by nature and what needs to be preserved for new future generations.
Today “Golden Autumn” is considered the pinnacle of Isaac Levitan’s mastery, but at the time the painting was created, the painter was treated rather biasedly and reproached for wanting to paint landscapes. They say that it is inappropriate for a Jewish artist to take on the work of original Russian masters. Nevertheless, the landscapes painted by Levitan occupy first place in the “golden background” of Russian painting.
Isaac Levitan. Self-Portrait (1880)
Isaac Ilyich Levitan(1860 - 1900) was born into an educated, impoverished Jewish family in 1860. In 1870, Father Ilya Levitan decided to move to Moscow in order to somehow escape poverty. Isaac's older brother Abel entered the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, and 2 years later his younger 13-year-old brother joined him. A couple of years later, the mother of the future artist dies, and his sick father is forced to leave his job and earn a living as a tutor.The family's constant financial difficulties prompted the school management to provide the Levitan brothers with financial assistance several times “for excellent success.” In the end, they were completely exempted from tuition fees.
Gray day. I. Levintan, 1890s
Isaac Levitan really had success in painting. As his contemporary recalled: “Everything was easy for Levitan, nevertheless, he worked hard, with great endurance.” The landscapes were especially successful.In the spring of 1888, Levitan, together with his artist friends Alexei Stepanov and Sofia Kuvshinnikova, set off on a steamer along the Oka River to Nizhny Novgorod and further up the Volga. During the trip, they unexpectedly discovered the beauty of the small, quiet town of Plyos. They decided to stay and live there for a while. As a result, Levitan spent three extremely productive summer seasons in Plyos (1888-1890). In the late 1880s - early 1890s, Levitan headed the landscape class at the School of Fine Arts of the artist-architect A. O. Gunst.
About 200 works that he completed over three summers in Plyos brought Levitan wide fame, and Plyos became very popular among landscape painters.
In 1892, Levitan, as a “person of the Jewish faith,” was forced to leave Moscow and lived for some time in the Tver and Vladimir provinces. Then, thanks to the efforts of friends, the artist was allowed to return “as an exception.”
Golden autumn. I. Levitan, 1895.
One of the most famous paintings by Isaac Levitan is “Golden Autumn”, painted in 1895. It belongs to the so-called “major series” of the artist. Soviet art critic Alexei Fedorov-Davydov spoke of this painting as follows: “Golden Autumn” amazes and captivates with the fullness and beauty of its emotional content, so clearly expressed in color splendor, in the major sound of the golden colorful range.”Levitan himself spoke skeptically about his canvas, calling it rough. During that period he suffered from bouts of melancholy. In the 19th century, this concept meant mental disorder, depression. In addition, Levitan had a bad heart.
Paintings “Golden Autumn” in 2010 at the State Tretyakov Gallery.
When the painting was presented to the public, Pavel Tretyakov acquired it. Levitan was immensely happy. Until the painting was transferred to the Tretyakov Gallery, it was allowed to be exhibited at the exhibition of the Itinerants in different cities of Russia. In Kharkov, an accident happened to the painting: a copper visor fell from one of the heaters and tore the canvas. Today the wound is repaired and cannot be detected with the naked eye.
Target: introduce children to the work of landscape artist I. I. Levitan.
- Cultivate an interest in painting.
- Understand the content of paintings and means of expression in drawings - color, composition.
- To teach to admire the beauty of nature, to cultivate moral and aesthetic feelings in children: love for the nature of their native land, the ability to understand its beauty, its many colors..
- developing the ability to carefully examine a picture, respond emotionally to its content, and the desire to draw.
- Develop mental activity, the ability to think creatively, independently, and express your attitude to what you see in the picture.
- Activate vocabulary children: painting, painter, landscape artist, autumn gold.
- Develop artistic taste.
Methodical techniques: The teacher's story about the work of I. Levitan, examination of the portrait, paintings (reproductions), conversation using technical means (grammatical recording of a piece of music).
Preliminary work: tour of the territory kindergarten“In the footsteps of Autumn”, reading fiction, learning poems on the topic “Autumn”, looking at paintings by different landscape artists in comparison.
Material: for part I of the lesson - paintings (reproductions) by I.I. Levitan “Golden Autumn”, “October”.
to Part II: drawing - paper of different sizes, different colors, a variety of visual materials: gouache paints, watercolors; sanguine, charcoal, sauce; brushes of different sizes; cans of water, rags; easel.
Lesson progress
A teacher's story against the background of a portrait of I.I. Levitan: Ilya Ilyich Levitan is a great Russian landscape painter who in his paintings talks about the beauty of Russian nature. His childhood was spent outside the city. He loved nature, admired the beauty and slenderness of white-trunked birches. He expressed his feelings in drawings. He especially loved autumn, which inspired the artist to create. His landscapes are a little filled with sadness, but very understandable to all viewers. Let's admire these landscapes together. Let's take a good look at them.
What is interesting about this picture? What is the artist telling us?
/The artist tells us about late autumn. The leaves have all fallen off, the trees are bare./
What mood does this picture evoke?
/The mood is sad because it has become cold, the sky is gray, gloomy, the trees are bare. The water in the river is cold/
How did the artist manage to show that everyone is sad and nature is sad?
/The artist depicted nature with dark colors/
Educator: “October has already arrived - the grove is already shaking off last sheets from its naked branches; The autumn chill has breathed in, nature is resting.” A.S. Pushkin.
Today you will draw a cheerful “Golden Autumn” or late autumn. Who wants what? “Autumn Landscape.” You can choose any visual material: paint, charcoal, sanguine, sauce, pastel.
Think about the composition of the drawing. The entire space of the sheet must be filled.
Determine the horizon line - the line between the sky and the earth. Start your drawing from the background. The trees in the distance are short, those in the foreground are tall. To show the mist, lightly rub the branches drawn with the sauce with your finger.
Children draw. Classical music “Autumn” plays in the background.
The teacher sums it up: Everyone tried, and we got an autumn park in late autumn. All drawings are expressive. You managed to convey your mood.
Which picture does the poem you read fit into?
Here you go. We said goodbye to autumn. Now we will welcome winter.
Fig. No. 1 “Golden Autumn” by I.I. Levitan.
Rice. No. 3 “Fog. Autumn". I.I. Levitan
Fig. No. 4 Children's drawings
The famous Russian landscape painter had a special love for autumn. Probably because autumn resonated with his melancholy feelings better than any other season. In total, Levitan painted more than a hundred autumn landscapes. In autumn, especially in September, as many artists note, the air is crystal clear. It is no coincidence that amateur astronomers most like to observe stars in early autumn.
Painting " Golden autumn"captured just the brightest, most transparent and elegant stage of autumn. In nature, we can already feel the approach of cold weather, but the weather is still warm, and the morning frosts have not yet spoiled the bright colors of the yellowing leaves. The bottomless blue of the sky contrasts with the golden and crimson shades autumn leaf fall. After two or three weeks, the foliage will wither and acquire a brown tint, the sky will become cloudy and hang heavily over the ground with gray clouds; rain will turn magical forest paths into impassable mud, a calm river will become cloudy.
The artist began working on the painting in the fall of 1895. At that time he lived in the Gorki estate (Tver province). Sketches and sketches were made from life, and he completed his famous landscape in the winter, after returning to Moscow. And although the picture gives the impression of being painted directly from life, while working on it the artist relied mainly on his visual memory. IN next year“Golden Autumn” was exhibited in St. Petersburg and Moscow, where it was purchased by philanthropist and collector Pavel Tretyakov. It should be noted that Levitan never liked the fact that his painting appeared in catalogs under the name “Autumn”; he insisted on the name “Golden Autumn”, since simply “Autumn” seemed to him a rude and inappropriate name. Currently, the canvas measuring 82 cm by 126 cm is in the collection of the Tretyakov Gallery. The landscape is painted in an energetic, expressive manner, the influence of impressionism is felt in it; many details are written conventionally, with voluminous and relief strokes (birch foliage). In general, “Golden Autumn” is not the most typical work - it is a bright, sunny, joyful picture. Instead of the sadness and melancholy typical of Isaac Levitan, there is only a slight longing for the past summer (and, perhaps, regret for what passed with it). Most likely, this landscape reflected the author’s elevated romantic feelings - it is known that before starting work on the landscape he had an affair with Anna Turchaninova.
It is curious that Isaac Levitan painted another painting with the same name, “Golden Autumn”, it was completed in 1896 and is also in the State Tretyakov Gallery. About half the size of its famous namesake, this painting depicts a different, vibrant autumn landscape and is painted in a simpler, stylized manner.
Painting “Golden Autumn” by Isaac Levitan
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