Analysis of the poem "Sea" by V.A. Zhukovsky To the sea, analysis of Pushkin's poem, the sea, analysis of Zhukovsky's elegy. In the elegy of the sea, the artistic device of personification is used

Man has always been attracted by the image of the sea: the element prompted reflection, beckoned with its secrets, and called to adventure. It occupies a special place in the art of romanticism, when the rebel hero compares himself with a raging water element. One of the first Russian writers to draw a parallel between the sea and man, and even personify the elements, was V. A. Zhukovsky.

His famous elegy “The Sea” by V.A. Zhukovsky created it in 1822 - during the mature period of his work. By this time, the poet no longer turns to the motives of sentimentalism, but develops a romantic ideology. The poem “The Sea” occupies a central place in the author’s work; it becomes the standard of Russian romanticism.

The poem “Sea” is dedicated to Maria Protasova. Zhukovsky had tender feelings for this girl, but could not marry her. The fact is that Masha’s mother E. A. Protasova was the writer’s cousin; she considered the relationship between her daughter and her cousin to be too close to give permission for marriage. The pain from this disappointment was reflected in the entire work of the poet.

Genre and size

The work was written in a special style characteristic of that time. The genre of the poem “The Sea” by Zhukovsky is elegy. Poets of the Romantic era often turned to it. Literally, “elegy” is translated as “complaint.” Interestingly, this genre has retained its characteristics since antiquity. The elegy has a philosophical character; it expresses melancholy and lyrical reflection. All this is typical for the poem “Sea”.

In addition to the content, this genre also implies technical features. Authors often choose the average volume of the work, which allows them to create a detailed statement, a three-syllable size that gives melodiousness. Zhukovsky's tools are interesting. He writes his elegy in blank verse, that is, while maintaining size and rhythm, there is no rhyme. The size of the poem “The Sea” is amphibrach tetrameter. All these characteristic properties make the work sensual, deeply permeated with poetic sadness.

Direction

It is impossible to overestimate the role of elegy for romanticism. Like no other genre, in this genre a romantic poet could fully express his emotions, talk about his suffering, his mental pain. V.A., who developed the tendencies of romanticism in his work. Zhukovsky did not shy away from this genre. His first elegy, “The Country Cemetery,” was written back in 1802; it is a translation of Gray’s poem. This arrangement allowed sentimentalists to consider Zhukovsky their successor, but already in it one can see the motives of appeal and resistance belonging to romanticism.

A completely different author appears to the reader in the elegy of 1822. Having created his own special interpretation of the image of the sea, Zhukovsky becomes the founder new tradition in Russian literature. Since then, poets have often turned to the motif of this element: Pushkin, Lermontov, Tyutchev. The very idea of the closeness of man and nature is very close to the era of romanticism. It is known that A.S. Pushkin highly valued “The Sea,” and two years later he himself wrote a poem with the same title.

Composition

The elegy “The Sea” can be divided into three parts.

First, there is a dialogue between the lyrical hero and the sea; the author contemplates the “silent” sea, is fascinated by it, but feels that this visible peace holds a certain secret.
The second part describes the storm that lyrical hero gives a very interesting explanation. It is caused by the fact that “dark clouds” disturb the idyll of sea and sky.
The final part - the author again returns to the description of the calm elements that loop the poem. However, now he already knows what secret is kept in the abyss of the waters.

It is interesting that the sea itself remains calm throughout the entire work; the storm is imagined by the author. But it is precisely this method of reasoning that allows the poet to make the composition three-part, which gives dynamism to the work and convincingness to the author’s conclusion.

Heroes and their characteristics

The main character of the elegy is the sea. Let's consider in what ways the poet draws the image of the sea. It is not enough to say that the element is personified, it is anthropomorphic. The sea is alive, it breathes, but most importantly, it has all the psychological qualities of a person. It is in love with the clear sky when it is reflected in its waters - the sea is happy and serene. But sometimes this idyll is disrupted by clouds that hide the sky from admiring the waters. The surface of the water reacts sharply to separation from the sky: it resists, tries to resist the “hostile darkness” in order to regain its happiness.

After imagining this picture, the lyrical hero of the poem guessed what secret the sea was hiding. Now he feels his kinship with him - he understood the sea, and the sea understood him. Perhaps he is experiencing the same tragedy, that is why he is standing over the abyss... All this brings him closer together characters: both are prone to contemplation, they feel the same pain between them.

Topics

The main theme of the elegy “The Sea” is the impossibility of love. And this reveals the autobiographical nature inherent in most of the poet’s lyrics. He could not marry his beloved - M.A. Protasova. The young people did not dare to get married without their mother’s blessing and remained good friends. Thus, the allegory in the elegy is more optimistic than the fate of the writer himself, because the separating force only temporarily invades the union of heaven and the abyss of water, but he is not given the opportunity to enter into a marriage with his beloved. Perhaps the image of the sea turned out to be so psychological because the author transferred his own experiences to it.
The motive of struggle follows from the above discussed topic. The confrontation between the sea and the clouds is the culmination of the poem. But even having won, it will never be calm: the sea is doomed to always be afraid that the darkness may at any moment again try to take away its happiness.
In addition, the work contains the theme of loneliness. It’s not for nothing that the lyrical hero turns to the sea - he is lonely, he rejoices that the element is happy in admiring the sky, but at the same time he also feels the anxiety of the element. The watery abyss is worried about its light azure, afraid of losing it again and being left alone, perhaps forever.

Idea

Zhukovsky's poem reflects main idea Romanticism - the kinship between man and nature. The poet calls on her to learn both contemplation and resistance, and the meaning of the poem “The Sea” is that you need to fight for your happiness. As an example, a person is given an element that triumphs over darkness. Unfortunately, the sea will never be serene as before, but it is together with the sky again! Perhaps the author of the poem himself would like to just as boldly and firmly overcome all the obstacles standing in the way of the desired marriage.

Artistic media

The paths of the poem “Sea” work to create unique author’s images. The elegy is rich in various artistic means.

The role of epithets in the work is significant. With the help of them, the author in the first part of Zhukovsky conveys the calmness of the elements: “silent”, “azure”. This is followed by personifications that endow the sea with a feeling soul: “you breathe,” “your tense chest breathes.” In the climactic and final parts, the state of the sea will be conveyed by verbs conveying movement or state of mind, which gives the image psychologism: “you are pouring,” “splashing,” “howling,” “beating,” “heaving,” “admiring, trembling.” This state is also characterized by the epithet “scared”, which refers to waves.

The opposing force has characteristic epithets: “dark” (clouds), “hostile” (haze).

The epithets also convey the joy of the meeting of sky and sea; it is no coincidence that the “brilliance of the returned heavens” is precisely “sweet.”

There are poems and figures of speech in the text. To begin with, I would like to note that the elegy contains speech patterns characteristic of romanticism: “tense chest”, “sweet life”.

There are no antitheses in the text: the opposing forces have corresponding epithets (clear skies - dark clouds).

In the first part, such a figure of speech as a rhetorical question is repeatedly encountered: “What moves your immense bosom?”

The ellipsis at the end of the climactic part allows the author to break off the narrative on the most dramatic note and return to the dialogue with the mysteriously calm sea.

Analysis of the poem

“Sea” by V.A. Zhukovsky

History of creation. The poem was written in 1822 during the period of Zhukovsky’s creative maturity. It belongs to the program works and is one of the poet’s poetic manifestos. It is known that this poem by Zhukovsky was especially highlighted by Pushkin, who wrote his elegy with the same title two years later.

Genre. In the subtitle of the poem, the author designated its genre - elegy. This is the poet's favorite genre. Turning to the genre of elegy marked Zhukovsky's transition to romanticism. Elegy - genre lyric poetry, conveying moods of sadness, grief, disappointment and sadness. Romantics preferred this genre because it makes it possible to express deeply personal, intimate experiences of a person, his philosophical thoughts about life, love, and feelings associated with the contemplation of nature. The elegy “The Sea” is precisely such a poem.

Topics and problems. Zhukovsky’s poem is not just a poetic picture of the sea element, but a “landscape of the soul,” as the famous philologist A.N. Veselovsky accurately defined such poems in romanticism. Indeed, this is not only a seascape, although, reading the poem, you vividly imagine the sea: it is either quiet, calm, an “azure sea”, or a terrible raging element that is immersed in darkness. But the romantic world of nature is also a mystery that he is trying to unravel. That is why it is so important that in the poem there is a constant roll call between the natural and human worlds - the state of the lyrical hero. But what is important is not only that Zhukovsky creates a psychological landscape, that is, he expresses a person’s feelings and thoughts through a description of nature. The peculiarity of this poem is that it is not individual parts of the landscape that are animated, but the sea itself becomes a living being. It seems that the lyrical hero is talking to a thinking and feeling interlocutor, maybe with a friend, or maybe with some mysterious stranger. The romantic pose has no doubt that the sea can be endowed with a soul, just like a person. Indeed, in accordance with romantic ideas, it is in nature that the Divine dissolves; through communication with nature one can speak with God, penetrate into the mystery of being, and come into contact with the World Soul.

Zhukovsky is sure that the soul of the sea is like human soul, where darkness and light, good and evil, joy and sorrow are united. It also reaches out to everything bright - to the sky, to God. But unlike many other romantics who paint this “free element,” Zhukovsky also sees that the sea is languishing, that something is weighing it down, it is rebelling against it. Like a person, the sea cannot feel absolute peace and harmony; its freedom is also relative. That is why the traditional romantic problems of freedom and bondage, storm and peace in Zhukovsky receive a very unusual interpretation.

Idea and composition. The poem "" is constructed in accordance with the idea contained in it. It's not so much a description natural phenomena What a special lyrical plot. It shows movement, the development of the state of the lyrical hero, monitoring the changes that occur with the sea. But even more important is this. that behind this lies the dynamics of the internal state of the sea itself, its soul. This internal plot can be divided into three parts; "Silent Sea" -

1st part; “Storm” - part 2; “Deceptive peace” - part 3. In accordance with them, we will follow the development of the artistic thought of the poem.

In the 1st part, a beautiful picture of the “azure sea”, calm and silent, is painted. But “purity” and clarity are inherent in the sea soul “in the pure presence” of the “distant bright sky”:

You are pure in his pure presence:
You flow with its luminous azure,
You burn with evening and morning light.
You caress his golden clouds"
And you joyfully sparkle with its stars.

It is the “luminous azure” of the sky that gives the sea its amazing colors. The sky here is not just an element of air stretching over the abyss of the sea. This symbol is an expression of another world, divine, pure and beautiful. Endowed with the ability to capture even the most imperceptible shades, the lyrical hero of the poem, reflecting on the sea, realizes that some secret is hidden in it, which he is trying to comprehend:

Silent sea, azure sea,
Reveal to me your deep secret:
What moves your vast bosom?
What is your tense chest breathing?
Or pulls you from earthly bondage
Distant, bright sky to yourself?..

The 2nd part of the poem lifts the veil over this secret. We see the soul of the sea revealed during a storm. It turns out that when the light of the sky disappears and the darkness thickens, the sea, immersed in darkness, begins to tear, beat, the eye is filled with anxiety and fear:

When the dark clouds gather,
To take away the clear sky from you -
You fight, you howl, you raise waves,
You tear and torment the hostile darkness...

Zhukovsky paints a picture of a storm with amazing skill. It seems that you can hear the roar of the oncoming waves. And yet this is not just a picture of a raging disaster. The deeply hidden secret of the soul of the sea is revealed to us. It turns out, like everything on earth, the sea is in captivity, which it is not able to overcome: “or it pulls you out of earthly captivity.” This is a very important idea for Zhukovsky.

For the romantic poet, who believed in the “enchanted There,” that is, another world in which everything is beautiful, perfect and harmonious, the earth has always seemed like a world of suffering, sorrow and sadness, where there is no place for perfection. "Oh! The Genius of pure beauty does not live with us,” he wrote in one of his poems, depicting a Genius who visited the earth only for a moment and again rushed off into his beautiful, but inaccessible to earthly man, world.

It turns out that the sea, like man, suffers on earth, where everything is changeable and impermanent, full of losses and disappointments. Only there - in the sky - everything is eternal and beautiful. That is why the sea reaches there, as does the soul of the poet, striving to break earthly ties. The sea admires this distant, luminous sky, “trembles” for it, that is, it is afraid of losing it forever. But the sea is not allowed to connect with it.

This idea becomes clear only in the 3rd part of the poem, where the “returned heavens” can no longer completely restore the picture of peace and serenity:

And the sweet shine of the returned skies
It doesn’t give you back silence at all;
Deceiving your immobility appearance:
You hide confusion in the dead abyss.
You, admiring the sky, tremble for it.

This is how the secret of the sea is revealed to the lyrical hero. Now it’s clear why confusion is hidden in his “dead abyss.” But the poet’s confusion remains, facing the insoluble riddle of existence, the mystery of the universe.

Artistic originality. The poem is full of means of poetic expressiveness that help make the picture of the sea elements not only visible, but also audible, tangible, and thereby make it easier for the reader to comprehend the author’s thought. Special role at the same time epithets play. If in the 1st part they are intended to emphasize the purity of the sea and the light that permeates the entire picture (“bright sky”, “you are pure in the presence of its pure”, “golden clouds”), then in the 2nd part they create a menacing, alarming tone ( “hostile haze”, “dark clouds”). Epithets saturated with Christian symbolism of the divine are very important for expressing the artistic idea of the poem: “azure”, “light”, “radiant”. Create a special rhythm anaphora to “you” (“you fight, you howl, you raise waves...”), syntactic parallelism, and glad interrogative sentences conveys the intense emotional structure of the poem. It should also be noted the important role of the refrain: “silent sea, azure sea,” which not only sets the rhythm of the poem, but also asserts an important poetic idea. And, as elsewhere, Zhukovsky masterfully uses the melodic capabilities of speech, “The Sea” is written tetrameter amphibrachium, blank verse, which helps convey the rhythm of the rolling waves. Particularly impressive is the picture of a storm, to recreate which the poet uses the technique of alliteration, that is, repetition of the same consonant sounds in several words. Here it is an alliteration of hissing, moreover, supported by the rhythm of the line, imitating the movement of waves: “You fight, you howl, you raise waves, / You tear and torment the hostile darkness.” In general, we can say that Zhukovsky’s poetic mastery in this poem reaches unprecedented heights, which Pushkin surprisingly accurately said: “... his poems have a captivating sweetness.”

The meaning of the work. Zhukovsky’s artistic innovation in the poem “The Sea” did not go unnoticed in Russian poetry. Following him, many great Russian poets painted a romantic picture of the sea elements, for example Pushkin in his 1824 poem “The Sea.” Lermontov in his famous “Sail”, Tyutchev in the poem “How good you are, O night sea...”. But in each of them, the image of the sea is not only a romantic symbol, but also something that helps the author express his thoughts, feelings and moods.

History of creation. The poem was written in 1822 during the period of Zhukovsky’s creative maturity. It belongs to the program works and is one of the poet’s poetic manifestos. It is known that this poem by Zhukovsky was especially highlighted by Pushkin, who wrote his elegy with the same title two years later.

Genre. In the subtitle of the poem, the author designated its genre - elegy. This is the poet's favorite genre. Turning to the genre of elegy marked Zhukovsky's transition to romanticism. Elegy is a genre of lyric poetry that conveys the mood of sadness, grief, disappointment and sadness. Romantics preferred this genre because it makes it possible to express deeply personal, intimate experiences of a person, his philosophical thoughts about life, love, and feelings associated with the contemplation of nature. The elegy “The Sea” is precisely such a poem.

Zhukovsky is sure that the soul of the sea is similar to the human soul, where darkness and light, good and evil, joy and sorrow are united. It also reaches out to everything bright - to the sky, to God. But unlike many other romantics who paint this “free element,” Zhukovsky also sees that the sea is languishing, that something is weighing it down, it is rebelling against it. Like a person, the sea cannot feel absolute peace and harmony; its freedom is also relative. That is why the traditional romantic problems of freedom and bondage, storm and peace in Zhukovsky receive a very unusual interpretation.

Idea and composition. The poem “The Sea” is constructed in accordance with the idea contained in it. This is not so much a description of natural phenomena as a special lyrical plot. It shows movement, the development of the state of the lyrical hero, monitoring the changes that occur with the sea. But even more important is this. that behind this lies the dynamics of the internal state of the sea itself, its soul. This internal plot can be divided into three parts; "Silent Sea" -

1st part; “Storm” - 2nd part; “Deceptive peace” - part 3. In accordance with them, we will follow the development of the artistic thought of the poem.

You are pure in his pure presence:
You flow with its luminous azure,
You burn with evening and morning light.
You caress his golden clouds"
And you joyfully sparkle with its stars.

Silent sea, azure sea,
Reveal to me your deep secret:
What moves your vast bosom?
What is your tense chest breathing?
Or pulls you from earthly bondage
Distant, bright sky to yourself?..

The 2nd part of the poem lifts the veil over this secret. We see the soul of the sea revealed during a storm. It turns out that when the light of the sky disappears and the darkness thickens, the sea, immersed in darkness, begins to tear, beat, the eye is filled with anxiety and fear:

When the dark clouds gather,
To take away the clear sky from you -
You fight, you howl, you raise waves,
You tear and torment the hostile darkness...

This idea becomes clear only in the 3rd part of the poem, where the “returned heavens” can no longer completely restore the picture of peace and serenity:

And the sweet shine of the returned skies
It doesn’t give you back silence at all;
Deceiving your immobility appearance:
You hide confusion in the dead abyss.
You, admiring the sky, tremble for it.

This is how the secret of the sea is revealed to the lyrical hero. Now it’s clear why confusion is hidden in his “dead abyss.” But the poet’s confusion remains, facing the insoluble riddle of existence, the mystery of the universe.

Artistic originality. The poem is full of means of poetic expressiveness that help make the picture of the sea elements not only visible, but also audible, tangible, and thereby make it easier for the reader to comprehend the author’s thought. Epithets play a special role in this. If in the 1st part they are intended to emphasize the purity of the sea and the light that permeates the entire picture (“bright sky”, “you are pure in the presence of its pure”, “golden clouds”), then in the 2nd part they create a menacing, alarming tone ( “hostile haze”, “dark clouds”). Epithets saturated with Christian symbolism of the divine are very important for expressing the artistic idea of the poem: “azure”, “light”, “radiant”. Create a special rhythm anaphora to “you” (“you fight, you howl, you raise waves...”), syntactic parallelism, and a number of interrogative sentences convey the intense emotional structure of the poem. It should also be noted the important role of the refrain: “silent sea, azure sea,” which not only sets the rhythm of the poem, but also asserts an important poetic idea. And, as elsewhere, Zhukovsky masterfully uses the melodic capabilities of speech, “The Sea” is written tetrameter amphibrachium, blank verse, which helps convey the rhythm of the rolling waves. Particularly impressive is the picture of a storm, to recreate which the poet uses the technique of alliteration, that is, repetition of the same consonant sounds in several words. Here it is an alliteration of hissing, moreover, supported by the rhythm of the line, imitating the movement of waves: “You fight, you howl, you raise waves, / You tear and torment the hostile darkness.” In general, we can say that Zhukovsky’s poetic mastery in this poem reaches unprecedented heights, which Pushkin surprisingly accurately said: “... his poems have a captivating sweetness.”

Analysis of the poem

1. The history of the creation of the work.

2. Characteristics of a work of the lyrical genre (type of lyrics, artistic method, genre).

3. Analysis of the content of the work (analysis of the plot, characteristics of the lyrical hero, motives and tonality).

4. Features of the composition of the work.

5. Analysis of funds artistic expression and versification (the presence of tropes and stylistic figures, rhythm, meter, rhyme, stanza).

6. The meaning of the poem for the poet’s entire work.

The poem “Sea” was written by V.A. Zhukovsky in 1822. This is one of the poet's best elegies. Moreover, the image of the sea was new to his work. The poem was published in the almanac “Northern Flowers” for 1829. The genre was designated in the last lifetime edition of Zhukovsky's works.

In this elegy, the image of the sea is associated with the image of the lyrical hero. And we notice this parallel already at the beginning of the work. The poet uses the technique of personification, endowing the “silent sea” with the ability to think and love:

Silent sea, azure sea,
I stand, enchanted over your abyss.
You are alive, you are breathing, confused by love,
You are filled with anxious thoughts.

Researchers have repeatedly noted the motif of movement, life (as opposed to peace) that sounds in this poem. The poet depicts the sea at rest, during a storm and after it. All three landscapes are magnificent. The refrain “silent sea, azure sea” conveys the calm and tranquility of nature. In describing the storm, Zhukovsky uses alliteration, which creates the illusion of hissing, bubbling waves:

You fight, you howl, you raise waves,
You tear and torment the hostile darkness...

But the storm subsides, but the calm is deceptive:

Deceiving your immobility appearance:
You hide confusion in the dead abyss,
You, admiring the sky, tremble for it.

The sea at Zhukovsky reaches to the sky, but unity is impossible here. The powerful and unpredictable element contains a “deep secret”, an eternal riddle that uncontrollably attracts the human soul:

Reveal to me your deep secret.
What moves your vast bosom?
What is your tense chest breathing?
Or pulls you from earthly bondage
Distant, bright sky to yourself?..

The solution to this mystery lies in the soul of the lyrical hero, through whose image the poet affirms his aesthetic and philosophical ideals of a romantic poet. “The sea is in captivity, like everything on earth. Everything on earth is changeable, impermanent, life is full of losses, disappointments and sadness. Only there, in heaven, is everything eternal and beautiful. That is why the sea reaches out “from earthly captivity” to the “distant, bright” sky, admires it and “trembles for it.” Thus, the sea symbolizes the human soul in Zhukovsky. Exactly the same uncontrollable impulses and passions are hidden in the soul of the lyrical hero. In the same way, she yearns for universal harmony, integrity and unity, rushing to the sky.

A characteristic difference is in V.A.’s perception of the image of the sea. Zhukovsky and A.S. Pushkin. Pushkin associates the sea with freedom, unbridled impulses of the soul, brilliant, ambiguous and talented personalities. And the overall sound of the poem “To the Sea” is optimistic. Pushkin’s lyrical hero addresses the sea as a friend; he uses the pronoun “you,” while simultaneously revealing his own personality:

You waited, you called... I was chained;
My soul was torn in vain;
Enchanted by powerful passion,
I was left by the shores.

In Zhukovsky, the motive of anxiety, pessimism, sadness, and the impossibility of achieving the ideal is very significant. For this poet, earthly life symbolizes the eternal struggle, the universal clash with the forces of evil, the eternal desire and aspiration of the soul towards the light, towards the heavenly, towards the unattainable. And this romantic conflict between the earthly and the heavenly takes on a cosmic scale: the lyrical hero clearly realizes the unattainability of the desired harmony. Researchers have repeatedly noted that in Zhukovsky’s elegy the pronoun “I” is not used - the hero denotes his own personality only by turning to the sea: “You tear and torment the hostile darkness...”, “You raise frightened waves for a long time,” “You hide confusion in the abyss of the deceased.” " But the sea is silent, and this conversation remains a monologue. The hero's feelings are not conveyed in the first person.

Thus, the composition of the poem is based on the antithesis: earthly - heavenly. This antithesis is illustrated by three successive landscapes, as we noted above. The final conclusion of the lyrical hero is pessimistic: the world is devoid of integrity and harmony, the desired ideal is unattainable on earth.

The elegy is written in amphibrach tetrameter and blank verse, which creates the impression of rhythm, mobility, and wave movement. “The Sea” amazes us with its musicality and melody. The work uses various means of artistic expression: metaphors (“Or is the distant, bright sky pulling you from earthly captivity to yourself?..”), personification (“You are filled with an anxious thought”), epithets (“azure sea”, “sweet shine” , “in the dead abyss”), rhetorical questions (“What moves your immense bosom?”, “What does your tense chest breathe?”), inversions (“Tell me your deep secret”). Analyzing the phonetic structure of the poem, we can note alliteration (“What moves your immense womb?”, “You are pure in the presence of his pure…”), assonance (“I stand enchanted over your abyss…”).

Thus, the elegy can be called a programmatic work by V.A. Zhukovsky as a romantic poet. In addition, here he appears before us as a true master of landscape, which was noted by V.G. Belinsky. “We would miss one of the most characteristic features of Zhukovsky’s poetry if we did not mention this poet’s marvelous art of painting pictures of nature and putting romantic life into them. Whether it’s morning, noon, evening, night, a bucket, a storm, or a landscape - all this breathes in Zhukovsky’s bright paintings with some kind of mysterious, full of strength life.”

An essay based on the poem “The Sea” by V.A. Zhukovsky.

Vasily Zhukovsky

I stand enchanted over your abyss.

You are alive; you breathe; confused love,

You are filled with anxious thoughts.

Silent sea, azure sea,

Reveal to me your deep secret.

What moves your vast bosom?

What is your tense chest breathing?

Or pulls you from earthly bondage

Distant, bright sky to yourself?..

Mysterious, sweet, full of life,

You are pure in his pure presence:

You flow with its luminous azure,

You burn with evening and morning light,

You caress his golden clouds

And you joyfully sparkle with its stars.

When the dark clouds gather,

To take away the clear sky from you -

You fight, you howl, you raise waves,

You tear and torment the hostile darkness...

And the darkness disappears, and the clouds go away,

But, full of his past anxiety,

You raise frightened waves for a long time,

And the sweet shine of the returned skies

It doesn’t give you back silence at all;

Deceiving your immobility appearance:

You hide confusion in the dead abyss,

You, admiring the sky, tremble for it.

Rough plan analysis of a lyrical work

Who wrote the poem and when?
What life events formed its basis. The central theme of the poem. Versatility.
Genre features of the poem (elegy, ballad, confession, reflection, appeal to ......, etc.). Thematic variety of lyrics (landscape, philosophical, love, freedom-loving, etc.)
The main images or pictures created in the poem.
The internal structure of the poem, its lyrical hero. (Although the lyrical hero reflects the personal experiences and feelings of the author, he is not quite a poet. This is an internal image - an experience in which the spiritual world of a person is reflected, characteristic features people of a certain time, class, their ideals).
The main intonations of the poem, the feelings of the poet and the lyrical hero.
Features of construction: a single whole, division into parts, chapters, stanzas; connecting images, paintings with a core line, motive, leitmotif, feeling of a poet or lyrical hero.
Means of poetic language (visual means of language, features of vocabulary). The sound and rhythmic organization of a lyrical text, with the help of which pictures, images are created, and the thoughts and feelings of the poet or his lyrical hero - the internal narrator - are conveyed. Artistic media: allegory, metaphor, hyperbole, grotesque, comparison, epithet, evaluative vocabulary, antithesis, symbol, detail. Features of vocabulary: everyday, folk, colloquial, elevated, solemn, high, etc.). Some compositional techniques: landscape, portrait detail, everyday detail, symbolic image, dialogue, monologue, sounds, sound design, color scheme, light, musicality, traditional elements compositions, etc. Syntax: ellipses, exclamations, rhetorical questions, method of versification.
The meaning of the poem's title. Addressee of a poetic message. If possible, an idea for a poem
The meaning of the poem for his contemporaries, for today's reader. The universal significance of the poem.

The theme “Man and Nature” has always been deeply organic for Russian poetry. She invariably placed all the diversity of nature next to man and opened his eyes to the “thrill of life,” to wise expediency, grandeur and harmony, beauty native land. Nature has always remained a source of beauty and inspiration for the creator. The poets also paid close attention to the majestic, ever-changing sea.

Elegy V.A. Zhukovsky’s “Sea” is one of the poet’s best and famous elegies. The poem was written in 1822 during the period of creative maturity of V.A. Zhukovsky. It belongs to the program works and is one of the poet’s poetic manifestos. It is known that this poem was especially emphasized by A.S. Pushkin, who wrote an elegy with the same title two years later. In the subtitle, the author himself designates it - elegy, the poet’s favorite genre. Romantics preferred this genre because it makes it possible to express a person’s personal experiences, his philosophical thoughts about life, love, and feelings associated with the contemplation of nature. This is exactly what the elegy “The Sea” is.

The poem is written in amphibrach tetrameter and blank verse, which allowed Zhukovsky to imitate the silence of the sea, the movement of waves, and the swaying of the sea surface. The sea is a new image for the poet. Zhukovsky depicts him in a calm state, during a storm, and after it.

All three pictures are great. The calm surface of the sea reflects the clear azure of the sky, golden clouds, and the shine of the stars. In a storm, the sea beats, waves rise, the noise of which is wonderfully conveyed by Zhukovsky with the help of alliteration:

You fight, you howl, you raise waves,

You tear, you torment the hostile darkness...

Created complete illusion the hiss of boiling, bubbling waves. The three-syllable feet in the above lines are separated by pauses, conveying the measured beats of the waves.

But no matter how beautiful the sea is, it is not only its beauty that occupies the poet’s thoughts. The poem is not just a poetic picture of the sea element, but a “landscape of the soul,” because for a romantic, the natural world is a mystery that he is trying to unravel.

The text contains a roll call of the natural and human – the state of the lyrical hero. It seems that the lyrical hero is speaking to a thinking and feeling interlocutor. Like a person, the sea cannot feel absolute peace and harmony; its freedom is relative. The soul of the sea is similar to the human soul, where darkness and light, good and evil, joy and sorrow are united. The poet turns to the sea with questions, as if to a person: “What moves your vast bosom? What is your tense chest breathing?” The sea remains a mystery to him. His thoughts lead him to think about the similarities between earthly life and the life of the sea elements. The sea from “earthly bondage” reaches to the sky to find the desired freedom. Only there, in the heights, everything is beautiful and eternal.

Everything in this elegy was new: the artistic image, the philosophical sound, the by no means elegiac mood. Only the image of the sky, familiar to Zhukovsky, has been preserved, which always signified infinity in his works.

He peered intently into this infinity and noticed everything: the movement of light streams, the play of colors, the behavior of the sun and moon. In “Sea” two infinities appear - heavenly and sea. To define one of them, the poet uses a word that would later become Tyutchev’s favorite - “abyss.”

According to G.N. Pospelov, the life of the sea in Zhukovsky’s elegy “is comprehended in the light of the religious ideal, the desire for the otherworldly.” This desire is associated with the development of personal consciousness and general dissatisfaction with the world around us.

Based on Internet materials