Based on the experience of specialists and consumers, we can conclude that a double-circuit boiler liquid fuel and electricity - a profitable financial investment. It is economical and has high efficiency. With good thermal insulation and little heat loss in the room, fuel consumption can be significantly reduced. Undoubtedly, proper installation of equipment also influences this. It is not recommended to install or repair a diesel boiler yourself if you do not have the necessary experience and qualifications.
Liquid fuel heating boilers differ from others in their design. They are equipped with a special burner that creates forced draft. The fuel is mixed with air, and then the mixture is atomized and ignited. The ventilation burner is a very complex and precise mechanism. Its high-quality and uninterrupted operation is guaranteed by precise tuning at the boiler installation stage and regular maintenance. It is strictly forbidden to allow large amounts of soot to accumulate inside the equipment. Normally, nozzles and dividers should be cleaned twice a year. However, some consumers note that cleaning has to be done more often as they use this equipment. This is directly related to the quality of the fuel.
Liquid fuel burners operate mainly on diesel and are not intended for the use of waste petroleum products.
Despite the above, there are modified designs that can perform their function on fuel with unstable performance and impurities. Such models are much more expensive, but pay for themselves very quickly. As a result, with large initial costs, you will be heating your home for many years for insignificant amounts.
It is advisable to buy a liquid fuel boiler for its significant positive characteristics:
- no need for special permission for installation;
- high efficiency;
- possibility of switching to another fuel.
If the decision is made in favor of liquid fuel equipment, we recommend taking care of two important details in advance:
- Separate room for installation. For example, a special extension for a boiler room or a house basement would be ideal.
- Fuel storage tank. In the room next to the equipment (but separated by a partition) there can be a container of no more than 750 liters. Fuel tanks larger volumes must be located outdoors on the street. They are usually buried in the ground. It should be noted that at low temperatures diesel thickens, and this can affect the operation of the boiler. Therefore, even at the preparatory stages it is necessary to protect the container from freezing during the cold period.
Subject to all operating rules hot water boilers liquid fuels are durable and profitable sources of heat and hot water.
Productive and economical liquid fuel heating boilers allow you to achieve complete autonomy from the centralized gas pipeline. When thinking about installing a unit, you need to understand its structure, operating principle and operating features.
The choice of boiler should be based on a comparative assessment of characteristics and functionality different models. An important factor is the reputation of the manufacturer.
In this material we will talk about the types of liquid fuel models of heating boilers, their advantages and disadvantages, and also consider several popular devices from well-known brands.
Liquid fuel boilers, despite their ability to effectively heat a building and technical excellence, are not as common as gas or solid fuel heat generators.
Equipment running on diesel fuel or waste fuel is very popular in Western European countries.
The significant advantages of an oil-fuel heating boiler include:
- High work efficiency. The efficiency of most models reaches 95%. Fuel is consumed with virtually no losses.
- Great power. The performance of the units allows heating both compact residential premises and spacious production workshops.
- High level of work automation. Boiler long time functions without human intervention.
- Autonomy from energy sources. Except for electricity. If necessary, you can get by with a generator.
- Possibility of switching to gas fuel.
There are additional advantages of such equipment. Installation of the boiler does not require approval or permission. In addition, the absence of a gas pipeline greatly facilitates installation work.
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When supplied from outside, air is supplied through or through a separate channel. To increase efficiency, smoke channels are equipped with steel plates - the exhaust gases form turbulent flows, reducing their speed. The traction is maintained.
Device control unit
Automation is designed to maintain the set temperature. Auxiliary functions reduce the cost of boiler operation. From a technical point of view, the most advanced are weather-dependent units that change the heating temperature of the coolant based on the readings of external sensors.
Heating boiler body
All elements of the system are enclosed in a durable heat-insulating housing. This “shell” reduces heat loss and increases the efficiency of the boiler.
The outside of the housing is covered with a layer of heat-insulating film, which, when heated, remains cold and protects the operator from burns.
How is the room heated?
The entire process of generating heat in an oil-fuel boiler and transferring thermal energy to heating radiators can be divided into several stages.
Stage 1. Diesel oil or other fuel is poured into the storage facility. The fuel pump supplies liquid to the burner device - pressure is created in the pipeline. At the same time, the fuel pump uses sensors to determine the quality of the fuel and the percentage of its thickening.
Stage 2. Diesel fuel enters the preparation chamber. Here the fuel is mixed with air, heated and liquefied.
Stage 3. The fuel-air mixture is supplied to the injector. Under the action of a fan, the mixture is atomized and the fuel mist ignites in the combustion chamber.
Stage 4. The walls of the chamber heat up. Due to this, the heat exchanger is heated and. The latter enters and circulates in the heating system.
Stage 5. When a flammable substance burns, gases are formed that are discharged through the chimney. Rushing out, the smoke passes through a series of heat exchange plates and also gives off its heat.
When fuel is burned, soot is formed. To maintain the boiler efficiency at the proper level, the walls of the combustion chamber must be periodically cleaned
Types of liquid fuel models
All liquid fuel boilers can be classified according to the following criteria: scope of application, functionality, type of adjustment, material of manufacture, type of fuel used and installation method.
By area of application
The main indicator that determines whether a boiler installation belongs to one of the types is power. Household models are available with power from 6 to 230 kW. This is enough to heat small houses with an area of 50 square meters. m and large country cottages for 2200 sq. m.
The performance indicator determines the fuel consumption in an liquid fuel heating boiler - about 1 kg of diesel fuel per hour is required to produce 10 kW of heat. Household units are designed for a maximum permissible operating pressure of 4-6 bar.
The power of industrial liquid fuel boilers ranges from 500 to 12,000 kW. Heavy-duty models work to heat buildings with an area of more than 15 thousand square meters. m. The control of industrial heating units is fully automated.
Industrial boiler equipment divided into hot water and steam boilers. The former heat water under pressure, and the latter generate superheated or saturated steam.
High-power heat generators are used in block-modular boiler houses - autonomous stations for generating steam and heat. Steam generators are in demand in the food and furniture industries, wood processing, oil production and feed production
By functionality
Single-circuit boilers are intended exclusively for heating the premises. They are connected to radiators, and the coolant circulates through a closed heating system. Such a unit does not heat water for domestic consumption - this must be taken care of separately by installing a boiler.
Double-circuit models are more functional. Boilers provide heating of the house and supply of warm water to different water intake points (shower, washbasin, etc.). The design of the equipment provides an additional heat exchanger to provide hot water supply.
Heating boilers liquid fuels nowadays occupy a worthy niche in the equipment market for heating systems. This is due to the fact that they are a good alternative to gas boilers in areas where there is no gas supply, and, if necessary, they can be converted to run on gas. In this article we will get acquainted with the design of these boilers and their main features.
Boiler design
Basic elements and operating principle
Liquid fuel heating boilers operate on the same principle as gas equipment, the only difference is in the burner, which is also called a nozzle.
As a result, they consist of the following structural elements:
- Combustion chambers;
- Burners (universal or diesel fuel);
- Heat exchanger;
- Fuel filter;
- Housings;
- chimney;
- Electronics, which is responsible for the operation of the device.
The operating process of the device is as follows:
- Fuel enters the burner using a pump and mixes with air;
- The mixture then enters the combustion chamber, where it is ignited;
- The torch heats the walls of the combustion chamber, which are a heat exchanger;
- The heated heat exchanger, in turn, heats the coolant.
To increase the efficiency and performance of the device, many plates are used inside. Therefore, liquid fuel boilers have a fairly high efficiency.
In addition, it should be noted that diesel fuel emits more heat during combustion than, for example, gas or solid fuel. Therefore, this equipment can operate in heating systems installed not only in residential buildings, but also production facilities.
Moreover, modern boilers allow heating with minimal human intervention, since all processes are automated. In particular, the device itself sucks diesel fuel from the tank in the required quantity.
Pay attention!
According to existing standards, the volume of the fuel container should not exceed 50 liters. If the tank is larger, it should be located in a separate room.
As a rule, in addition to diesel fuel, the following flammable liquid for heating boilers can be used as an energy carrier:
- Waste oil;
- Biofuels;
- Fuel oil;
- Kerosene.
Thanks to this, the equipment owner has the opportunity to use the most available liquid fuel.
In the photo - a diesel burner for boilers
Nozzle design
The most important element of this equipment is the liquid fuel burner. Its task is to mix air with a flammable liquid in the required proportions, as well as supply the combustible mixture to the combustion chamber.
Pay attention!
Many models of liquid fuel boilers are universal and can operate not only on liquid fuel, but also on gas, even without replacing the nozzle.
This is especially convenient for people who plan to install gas in the foreseeable future.
According to their operating mode, iron nozzles are classified into the following types:
The main structural elements of injectors are:
- Fan, which provides forced air supply.
- Fuel heating system. In some cases, this is an extremely important detail, since the heating fluid for boilers can thicken when the temperature drops.
- Fuel pump to supply liquid from the container to the fuel line under a certain pressure.
- Servo drives, which allow you to adjust the fuel supply and the position of the air damper.
- Control thermostat– provides burner start-up, as well as combustion temperature parameters.
- Nozzle– atomizes fuel and also provides necessary conditions to ignite the mixture.
- Float with microswitch— determines the fuel level in the tank and, if necessary, turns off the device.
- Secondary air regulator, supporting the formed combustion torch.
- Burner control unit– allows you to adjust device parameters during operation.
It should be noted that in addition to the listed elements, the design of liquid fuel injectors always includes flexible hoses through which fuel is supplied. In addition, there is a set of various sensors that monitor the basic parameters of the device’s operation, such as fuel pressure, the presence of a torch, etc.
Pay attention!
Before checking the functionality of the boiler after installation, it is necessary to ensure the required pressure.
Features of liquid fuel boilers
Advantages
Liquid fuel heating, like any other, has certain advantages and disadvantages.
Among the positive aspects are the following:
- To use the device, you do not need to obtain permission, since this equipment is classified as a household appliance.
- Do-it-yourself installation is possible, since there is no need to install a gas pipeline.
- The equipment has high efficiency, which reaches 95 percent.
- Low level of air pollution - all combustible products meet environmental standards.
- Simple operating instructions, as almost everything modern devices equipped with automatic equipment. For the same reason, boilers can operate for a long time without human intervention.
- As mentioned above, the possibility of conversion to run on gas.
As we can see, the equipment has many advantages and is quite versatile.
Flaws
Among the disadvantages of the boilers under consideration, the following points can be highlighted:
- High fuel consumption. Therefore, this type of heating is quite expensive.
- The boiler, together with the fuel container, takes up quite a lot of space.
- The need to monitor the operation of the system and add fuel to the tank from time to time.
- The room must be equipped with an exhaust hood to remove combustion products.
- During operation, the equipment makes quite a lot of noise.
- The equipment requires power supply, as the operation of the device is controlled by electronics. Therefore, to operate in autonomous mode, it is necessary to use an independent power supply.
- It is necessary to use a special container for fuel, otherwise an unpleasant smell of fuel will spread inside the room.
Pay attention!
Liquid fuel boilers, unlike other analogues, require proper maintenance.
In particular, soot should not be allowed to accumulate on the walls of the device, as this will complicate the working process of the device.
As a result of these shortcomings, you should consider the pros and cons, and also become familiar with the features of electric and solid fuel boilers. For example, if you need a device for a summer residence where there is a forest nearby, it is more advisable to purchase a solid fuel boiler. In this case, heating may be completely free.
Features of choice
When choosing a heating boiler using liquid fuel, in addition to the general parameters of the device, such as power, functionality, etc., you should pay attention to the characteristics of the burner.
In particular, you need to pay attention to the following points:
- A variety of fuel choices that the device can run on.
- Level of toxic substances released into the atmosphere.
- Noise and vibration levels during operation.
- Efficiency indicator (ideally should be 90-95 degrees).
- Stability of the combustion process due to effective regulation of air supply.
For private homes, it is better to choose double-circuit boilers that heat water not only for heating, but also for hot water supply.
Of course, you should also pay attention to the device manufacturer. It is advisable to opt for famous brands, despite the fact that the price of their products is slightly higher than that of devices from little-known manufacturers.
The most popular boilers are from the following companies:
- ACV (Belgium);
- Lotus (Russia);
- Protherm (Slovakia);
- De Dietrich (France);
- Buderus (Germany);
- Kiturami STSO (South Korea).
It should be noted that the boiler and burner for it can be purchased separately. This allows you to assemble an oil heating boiler in accordance with individual requirements. True, the costs heating equipment in this case will increase slightly.
Pay attention!
If the boiler has a universal burner, changing the fuel is an important procedure.
Before performing this, it is necessary to clean the device from soot and combustion products.
Here, perhaps, are all the main features of the data heating devices, which must be taken into account when choosing equipment.
Conclusion
Despite a number of advantages that liquid fuel boilers have, they are used less frequently than other analogues, which is due to the high cost of their operation. Therefore, it makes sense to use them in cases where it is not possible to use gas, coal or wood as fuel.
The video in this article provides some additional information on this topic.
Heating devices operating on diesel fuel are divided into water-heating liquid fuel boilers and steam boilers. Their use today is very popular and justified in places where there are no gas mains.
Operating principle of diesel fuel boilers
In principle, the operation of liquid fuel boilers is similar to gas boilers, but there is also a design difference from them - regardless of power, they need a fan burner, which, as a rule, is not included in the delivery package. It sprays fuel into tiny microparticles under high pressure and delivers it to the combustion chamber. Getting here through the burner nozzle, the fuel in the form of a kind of fog mixes with air and ignites.
Additionally, such a boiler also has a boiler regulator, with which you can control the burner. The equipment set also includes some other devices connected to the boiler - for example, a pump.
As a rule, industrial boilers liquid fuel can also operate on gas: this requires installing gas burners in them, setting them up, and cleaning the smoke exhaust channels. It is not recommended to carry out all these operations yourself - it is better to call specialists.
Water heating liquid fuel boilers and other equipment: power calculation
Among technical characteristics any heating boiler, and an industrial liquid fuel boiler is no exception; the first place is, perhaps, occupied by its power. Only a competent heating engineer can make an accurate calculation after careful study and carrying out the appropriate mathematical operations. Moreover, he must take into account the thickness of the walls and ceilings, the location of window openings on the cardinal points, their sizes, as well as the number of people permanently living in the house.
Highly qualified specialists from companies that sell liquid fuel heating devices will be happy to take on the responsibility for carrying out such procedures. But it should be noted that you can make approximate calculations yourself. If the ceiling height in a house or apartment does not exceed 3 m, then for 10 m 2 of heating area you will need 1 kW of power.
Liquid fuel steam boilers: installation and fuel calculation
Heating devices such as liquid fuel steam boilers are equipped with a firebox and flame tubes placed inside a container of water - when heated, the water turns into steam. They are easy to install and do not require welding work, and are also compact and can be installed in small spaces. Their base area is 40% smaller than the base area occupied by hot-water liquid fuel boilers.
To install them, you need a separate room, where there must be an exhaust hood. Another indispensable condition is the presence of a plastic or metal tank for storing fuel reserves. If the tank is plastic, it should be in a metal tray to prevent fuel from spreading on the floor. Heat drives must be sealed and insulated, and to prevent the injector from becoming clogged, a fine fuel filter is needed.
Well, the amount of diesel fuel required by liquid fuel steam boilers is equal to the maximum power divided by 10. For example, for a house with an area of 150-300 m2, 2-4 tons of diesel fuel are needed.
Bought small house in the suburbs, there was water and electricity, but no gas, so we decided to install a heating boiler. We decided for a long time and chose a liquid fuel unit, which does not require “approval” or permits. Yes, at first the costs were significant: installation, configuration, equipment, fuel. In addition, we have provided for regular boiler maintenance. I had to make an extension with good sound insulation and a chimney for the boiler, because... it makes quite a lot of noise when the burner is operating, and the chimney makes it possible to change the fuel over time (our burner can operate on both liquid fuel and gas).
However, subsequently all the costs paid off, because we received a powerful heater that does not require constant supervision. Our boiler allows heating in desired mode the whole house in winter.
I want to share my experience. When I decided to install a diesel boiler at home, the question arose regarding its choice. After scouring the Internet and torturing consultants quite a bit, I came to the conclusion that you first need to decide on fuel consumption. The simplest calculation: power kW/10 = kg of diesel fuel per hour. The area of my house is 250 sq. m. m., therefore, for the entire heating season + hot water supply I will need approximately 2.5 - 3.5 tons of fuel, although this figure may be higher or lower, depending on needs.
Next comes the hardest part. I will only name general recommendations: it is better to take cast iron boilers for your home, they are durable. On advice, I paid attention to condensing devices, because... their presence increases the cost of the boiler, but then significantly saves fuel consumption. I bought a double-circuit boiler so that there would be heating and hot water, because... I have small children and we consume a lot of it. However, for those who do not use hot water in large quantities, experts recommend installing a single-circuit boiler for heating and a boiler for hot water.
Good luck!
I have private house, but inside the city they have promised to connect us to the central gas supply for about 5 years now. Last year I installed an oil-fuel boiler for heating in the house, and we have had a boiler installed for hot water for a long time. Before this, we used a fireplace and various heaters in winter.
At the end of the heating season, I discovered that the boiler began to consume more fuel, although I regularly clean the burner. It turned out that when I changed the fuel to more budget option, then soot began to accumulate faster, and a layer of soot of only 2 mm already increases fuel consumption by 10%, and I have accumulated about 3.5 mm.
So, when the boiler was cleaned, everything was fine. True, now you need to either return to a good diesel engine, or clean it more often...
Installing a heating boiler is a hassle. Having chosen a boiler, you also need to purchase an uninterruptible power supply. I have a diesel fuel boiler, but eventually I want to switch to gas. The UPS chose an online type; when the central power grid is turned off, it immediately switches to batteries, unlike line-interactive ones. In addition, the on-line series does not require the installation of an additional voltage stabilizer. And in general, this series more reliably protects the components of the heating system.
My UPS has external batteries and is designed for long-term operation during a power outage.
But before purchasing these devices, I listened to a whole lecture in the store)))
Almost all of my neighbors installed heating boilers that run on diesel fuel. Yes, there are those who prefer gas ones, but... Since everyone has to save money, you can often find diesel boilers.
I started looking for myself, but because of the variety of options, I was completely stunned. For heating and water heating I chose a double-circuit boiler with a water supply. The design of the boiler is floor-standing, I tried to choose a unit of the most compact size, but at the same time, so that it meets the power requirements.
To prolong the heating effect, I took it with a cast iron heat exchanger, although the seller said that it was more fragile than with a steel one.
My boiler has natural draft and combustion products are removed through a vertical chimney. In any case, before going to the store, I consulted with my neighbors and researched the offers on the Internet. I also calculated what I needed in terms of power and operating modes. Therefore, although I suffered, I did it good choice, which I wish for everyone!
Oleg Petrovich
For me, the biggest disadvantage of an oil-fuel boiler was the need to install an additional tank from which fuel would be supplied. At first I thought of buying a rectangular plastic tank and installing it in an equipped boiler room. But there wouldn’t be enough space for a fireproof protective frame. In addition, I wanted to purchase a large amount of diesel at once, because... we were promised an increase in prices for it, and in general the currency is jumping, gas and gasoline prices are going the same way...
I had to choose a large cylindrical container. The good thing about plastic is that it is not afraid of weather conditions. I decided to install it in the ground, ensuring reliable waterproofing (installed in concrete rings). I did everything so that in the summer the tank could be removed for cleaning and drying. And during these procedures, I will buy a tank as a reserve, which can be left in the boiler room.
Vladimir O.
Buying a boiler is based on choosing the right one. To do everything correctly, you need to make a thermal calculation to determine the required equipment performance.
Even if you don’t know a heating engineer, try to calculate it yourself, and then go to the store and see the seller.
The main factors for calculation: heat losses of the building, climate conditions, features of the house, such as the area of openings, the thickness of ceilings and walls, the number of floors, heated area, etc.
It should be taken into account that 1 kW of the declared boiler power can heat an area of 10 sq.m.
Also remember that boilers with a power of up to 150 kW can be installed in specially equipped rooms with a volume of at least 15 cubic meters. and ceilings at least 2 m high. Inside, the walls must be made of fire-resistant materials, at least 1 window and good ventilation are also required.
These tips were given to me by sellers from heating boiler websites, and I also asked around among summer residents on the forums.
Diesel boilers are traditional and condensing. Condensation devices additionally use the heat and energy of condensate, which increases their performance and significantly reduces fuel consumption. However, the price of such boilers is slightly higher.
In its design, a diesel heating boiler is not much different from a gas boiler - the main difference is in the design of the burner. Many companies produce boilers that can operate on both liquid fuel and gas - to switch from one type of fuel to another, you just need to replace the mounted burner. Diesel boilers with a built-in burner cannot be modified, but they are cheaper and weigh less.