About the tradition, an article dedicated to the best domestic products is published in the New Year's issue of our magazine. Having looked through the articles for different years, we can identify a trend that, in my opinion, is that those programs that we once called the best among domestic products have today become the best in comparison with world analogues.
Many will say that domestic software is nationally oriented and that the most popular domestic programs have emerged precisely due to Russian specifics. This is quite understandable, since every country needs such programs - language (for translation, recognition, etc.), for financial accounting, educational programs that correspond to the national specifics of education, as well as legal databases based on local legislation. However, having declared itself as nationally oriented software, many domestic programs began to reach the international level.
Today, domestic antivirus products occupy the top positions in international rankings and are used all over the world. Recognition systems are ahead of competitors in recognition accuracy not only in native Russian, but also in foreign languages. Special translation programs provide the best quality of translation in a non-native language. Economic programs not only resist expansion into the domestic market by leading Western vendors, but also work throughout the entire territory of the former CIS and Baltic countries. This trend is even more noticeable in relation to games: having started as programs for the Russian audience, domestic developments gradually reached the global level. Today, the largest Russian game publishers have come to the conclusion that modern game projects require millions of dollars in investment and can only be profitable if they focus on the gaming audience all over the world from the very beginning.
1C:Enterprise
developer: “1C” (http://www.1c.ru/)
“1C: Enterprise” is a set of ready-made solutions for accounting automation and at the same time a flexible tool that allows you to rebuild these solutions in accordance with the specifics of the enterprise. For a wide range of users, 1C:Enterprise is primarily a set of ready-made application solutions that allow you to automate accounting and management processes in trade and production, financial planning and other aspects of enterprise activity. Today, the 1C:Enterprise platform produces more than a hundred large-scale application solutions (configurations) developed by 1C, its partners and independent companies. In addition, due to the configuration change capabilities provided by the platform, many tens of thousands of specialized application solutions have been implemented in specific organizations, focused on the specific needs of enterprises and accounting features.
To provide the ability to create and support a wide range of application solutions, the 1C:Enterprise software system was created from the very beginning as a single technological platform on which application solutions for various industries and types of activities are developed. The presence of a single technological platform ensures, on the one hand, high speed of development and modification of application solutions, and on the other, the unification of their use, from installation and administration to user interface features.
Currently, in parallel with the development of application solutions for the 1C:Enterprise 7.7 software system, 1C is developing a new version of the 1C:Enterprise 8.0 technology platform. When designing the 1C:Enterprise 8.0 platform, a serious analysis of the experience of using 1C:Enterprise 7.X in various conditions was carried out, and the numerous wishes of partners and users of the system were taken into account.
In the process of selecting the main directions for the development of this platform, modern realities were taken into account: an increase in the average scale of solutions built on the basis of 1C:Enterprise, an expansion of the range of applied tasks for the purpose of automating enterprises, new technical conditions in which the system operates. The new version of the system, like the previous ones, is focused on creating and supporting mass application solutions for small and medium-sized enterprises. Among the most significant innovations implemented in the new version:
- modern three-level architecture of the client-server version of working with the information base, significantly more complete use of the capabilities of MS SQL Server for efficient retrieval of information;
- a new file-based option for working with an infobase, ensuring higher integrity of infobase data and simplifying the creation of backup copies;
- improving the operational characteristics of the system in terms of administration and user regulations;
- development of an applied data model, with the help of which specific problems of automation of the subject area are solved;
- new user interface design and the implementation of a number of interface mechanisms that provide b O greater user ergonomics and efficiency; development of mechanisms designed for the preparation of economic and analytical reporting;
- expanding the capabilities of the system in different countries and with different languages and much more.
Currently, 1C, together with partners, is developing a methodology for using the tools of the new version of 1C:Enterprise 8.0.
Legal reference systems ConsultantPlus
developer: ConsultantPlus company (http://www.consultant.ru/)
The ConsultantPlus family of reference legal systems includes databases of documents of federal legislation, legal acts of 79 subjects Russian Federation, acts of international law, materials of judicial practice, documents of the USSR, as well as consultations and explanations of specialists in accounting and taxation - in total more than 1 million documents. Managers, accountants, lawyers and other specialists from enterprises of all forms of ownership and various areas of activity work with ConsultantPlus systems. In addition, the systems are used at home to manage necessary legal information.
All systems have a single software shell and have broad functionality for searching for legal information and working with it. Documents in the systems can be searched by details (adopting authority, date of adoption, type of document, document number and status), by subject, as well as by any words or phrases from the text or title. The texts of the documents are provided with hyperlinks to related (amending, supplementing, etc.) legal acts. The user can create multi-level document folders, add bookmarks to texts, print documents or fragments thereof from the system, write them to a file, and export them to MS Word for further work.
When developing systems, modern software is used that meets international standards of quality and reliability. ConsultantPlus systems have been tested by Microsoft for compatibility with all common operating systems Windows 95/98/2000/NT/XP.
ConsultantPlus systems are supplied in local or network versions. Information in databases is updated daily, weekly, or, less frequently, at the request of the user. The supply of systems, as well as service maintenance, is carried out by 300 regional service centers ConsultantPlus networks in 150 cities of Russia. The service includes technical support, updating information in the system on the user’s computer, free training in working with the system (with the issuance of a personal certificate), free replacement of software versions with new ones, consultations on the operation of systems, services hotline and search for documents on individual orders.
The cost of supply and maintenance of ConsultantPlus systems depends on the volume and nature of the information content of each system. For example, installing a system according to federal legislation ConsultantPlus:VersionProf (contains 39,500 documents and is updated with new ones - up to 500 per month) costs 30,895 rubles. 20 kopecks, updating information within a month - 2258 rubles. 40 kopecks And installation of a system for information and legal support of accounting departments ConsultantAccountant:VersionProf (13,700 regulatory documents and 51,500 consulting materials, updated with new documents - up to 180 and consulting materials - up to 1,500 per month) costs 13,370 rubles. 40 kopecks, updating information within a month - 1410 rubles. (prices are indicated for Moscow and the Moscow region, including VAT as of November 2002).
eLearning 3000 Toolkit
developer: HyperMethod company (http://www.hypermethod.ru/)
The Learning 3000 software package is designed for creating distance multimedia training courses that meet the requirements of the educational product market, taking into account the possibility of organizing distance learning through the creation of training centers on the Internet/intranet networks. The eLearning 3000 package consists of two main products: eLearning Office 3000 and eLearning Server 3000, designed for creating distance learning (DL) systems using both Internet tools and the capabilities of local multimedia computers.
The eLearning 3000 package allows implementation in educational institution full cycle DO, automate the process full-time training, as well as introduce a system of testing and advanced training for employees at enterprises.
The eLearinng Office 3000 software package makes it possible to assemble from source materials a modern multimedia distance learning course, integrated with the Internet, with built-in search and navigation systems, with dictionaries and electronic methodological developments. The package contains a set of thematic templates that allow you to minimize the time spent on course development. Developers are provided with many options for ready-made prototypes of training courses; Cross hypertext links are automatically created and a training course distribution package is generated for recording on CD-ROM.
The services of the training center include the following: registration of teachers, courses and students in the electronic dean’s office; formation of course materials, curriculum, class schedule; conducting online lectures, seminars, tests, testing, trainings; organizing communication between students and teachers through conferences, chats, bulletin boards, as well as creating libraries and maintaining various kinds of statistics. Using XML technology, basic educational materials easily transferred to other programs and applications. The administrator can significantly expand the services provided by the training center.
Product prices: eLearning Office - $649, eLearning Office 3000 Academic - $499, eLearning Server - $1799, eLearning Server Academic - $1499, eLearning Server + Office - $2099, eLearning Server + Office Academic - $1799.
EUPHRATS-Document Flow
developer: Cognitive Technologies (http://www.cognitive.ru/)
The EUFRAT-Document Flow system is a comprehensive solution in the field of automation of document flow and document management, characterized by high functionality, ease of setup and administration, the ability to adapt to any document flow standards and low cost, which allows the system to surpass existing ones in Russia in terms of price/quality ratio market for solutions of this class.
EUFRAT-Document Management is the only domestic electronic document management system that has its own DBMS, which allows the system to function without purchasing and installing additional expensive software (Lotus Notes, Oracle, MS SQL).
The EUFRAT-Document Management system provides:
- scanning and recognition of a paper document - converting it into electronic form;
- the ability to work with both text and graphic prototypes of documents;
- registration of documents for any number and type of details, including automatic generation of details;
- sending documents to users via the built-in email;
- control over the execution of documents, including providing a complete “history” of working with the document;
- quick search of documents by content and assigned details;
Developer: Kaspersky Lab (http://www.kaspersky.ru/)
Kaspersky Anti-Virus has a huge number of awards - and this is not surprising: it is used by companies and users all over the world. What is so special about Kaspersky Anti-Virus? A lot of things: a 100% guarantee of protection against macro viruses, excellent capabilities for restoring infected files (the change auditor plays a significant role in this), reliable protection even from new viruses (as you know, Kaspersky Anti-Virus was the first to reflect the “I Love You” virus epidemic, and it did not require any updates), email protection and much more. Kaspersky Anti-Virus is designed for all modern operating systems (*BSD, Linux, Windows), it is not demanding on resources (the minimum is 32 MB of RAM and 25 MB of disk memory) and has a multifunctional control center with which you can easily configure anti-virus modules and set a check schedule.
Separately, it is worth noting the antivirus support - you can receive not only updates, which can be copied from the Kaspersky Lab website every day, but also round-the-clock technical support. Flexible pricing systems (for home users, the cost of the distribution starts from 200 rubles) and upgrades (the ability to use new versions along with old registration keys). The “laboratory” has been fighting viruses for almost fifteen years. The vast experience of the company's experts, as well as a large amount of statistical data in modern conditions, make it possible to predict the directions of future virus threats (in particular, Kaspersky Lab was the first in the world to predict the emergence and spread of script viruses). There are many examples of predictions that have come true and timely preventive measures, but the most important thing is not this, but the fact that Kaspersky Anti-Virus is a time-tested product. And time, as we know, is the fairest and most impartial judge. You can order products on the developer's website.
Cost of Kaspersky Anti-Virus: Lite license for 1 year, v. 4.0 - $19.95, Personal license for 1 year, v. 4.0 - 50, Personal PRO license for 1 year, v. 4.0 - 69, for Palm OS 1 year license, v. 4.0 - $14
The need to accelerate the development of the domestic software market, ensure maximum independence from foreign developments in the field of high technology and preserve information sovereignty was first discussed at the highest level in 2014, when US and EU sanctions sharply increased the risks associated with the use of foreign software in business and government organizations . It was then that the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation became seriously concerned about solving this strategically significant, in the opinion of officials, issue, along with stimulating demand for national products and developing appropriate measures to support domestic developers. As a result, restrictions on the admission of foreign software in state and municipal procurement, as well as rules for the formation and maintenance of a unified register, were approved at the legislative level in the shortest possible time Russian programs. All this has had a positive impact on the software market in Russia, which has recently expanded with many interesting projects and developments. Including in the region operating systems.
"Alt Linux SPT" is a unified Linux-based distribution for servers, workstations and thin clients with built-in information security software, which can be used to build automated systems up to and including class 1B information systems personal data (ISPDn) up to class 1K inclusive. The OS allows you to simultaneously store and process on one personal computer or server, confidential data, provide multi-user work with restricted access to information, work with virtual machines, and also use centralized authorization tools. The certificate issued by FSTEC of Russia confirms the product’s compliance with the requirements of the following governing documents: “Computer equipment. Protection against unauthorized access to information. Indicators of security against unauthorized access to information” - according to security class 4; “Protection against unauthorized access to information. Part 1. Information security software. Classification according to the level of absence of undeclared capabilities” - according to the 3rd level of control and technical specifications. Technical support for Alt Linux SPT users is provided by the Free Software and Technologies company through its partner developer Basalt SPO.
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Developer: Basalt SPO company
The Viola platform is a set of enterprise-level Linux distributions that allow you to deploy corporate IT infrastructure of any scale. The platform includes three distributions. This is a universal “Viola Workstation”, which includes an operating system and a set of applications for full-fledged work. The second is the server distribution "Alt Server", which can act as a domain controller Active Directory and contains the most complete set of services and environments for creating a corporate infrastructure (DBMS, mail and web server, authentication tools, work group, virtual machine management and monitoring and other tools). The third is “Alt Education 8”, focused on everyday use when planning, organizing and conducting the educational process in general, secondary and higher education. In addition, the Basalt SPO product series includes the above-mentioned certified Alt Linux SPT distribution kit and the Simply Linux operating system for home users.
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Developer: National Center for Informatization (part of the Rostec state corporation)
Russian project to create an ecosystem of software products based on the Linux distribution, intended for complex automation workplaces and IT infrastructure of organizations and enterprises, including in data centers, on servers and client workstations. The platform is presented in the “OS.Office” and “OS.Server” versions. They differ in the sets of application software included in the distribution kit. The office edition of the product contains the operating system itself, information security tools, a package of programs for working with documents, an email client and a browser. The server version includes an operating system, information security tools, monitoring and system management tools, an email server and a DBMS. Potential users of the platform include federal and regional authorities, local government, companies with state participation and state corporations. It is expected that the OSi-based ecosystem will in the near future become a full-fledged alternative to Western analogues.
Development of the research and production association "RusBITech", presented in two versions: Astra Linux Common Edition (general purpose) and Astra Linux Special Edition (special purpose). Features of the latest version of the OS: developed means of ensuring information security of processed data, a mechanism for mandatory access control and control of the closedness of the software environment, built-in tools for marking documents, recording events, monitoring data integrity, as well as other components that ensure information protection. According to the developers, Astra Linux Special Edition is the only software platform that is simultaneously certified in the information security certification systems of the FSTEC of Russia, the FSB, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and allows processing in automated means of all ministries, departments and other institutions of the Russian Federation restricted access information containing components of state secret information classified no higher than “top secret”.
⇡ ROSALinux
Developer: LLC "NTC IT ROSA"
The ROSA Linux operating system family includes an impressive set of solutions designed for home use (ROSA Fresh version) and use in a corporate environment (ROSA Enterprise Desktop), deployment of infrastructure IT services of an organization (ROSA Enterprise Linux Server), processing of confidential information and personal data ( ROSA "Cobalt"), as well as information constituting a state secret (ROSA "Chrome" and "Nickel"). The listed products are based on the developments of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Mandriva and CentOS with the inclusion large quantity additional components - including original ones created by programmers of the scientific and technical center information technology"DEW". In particular, OS distributions for the corporate market segment include virtualization tools, software for organizing backups, tools for building private clouds, as well as centralized management of network resources and data storage systems.
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Developer: Calculate company
Calculate Linux is available in Desktop, Directory Server, Scratch, and Scratch Server editions and is designed with home users and SMBs in mind who prefer to use open source software instead of proprietary solutions. Platform features: full operation in heterogeneous networks, a mechanism for roaming user profiles, tools for centralized software deployment, ease of administration, the ability to install on portable USB drives and support for binary repositories of Gentoo updates. It is important that the development team is accessible and open to any comments, suggestions and wishes of the user audience, as evidenced by the huge number of ways to get involved in the Calculate Linux community and platform development.
⇡ "Ulyanovsk.BSD »
Developer: Sergey Volkov
An operating system that is built on the freely distributed FreeBSD platform and contains the necessary set of application programs for home users and office tasks. According to the only OS developer Sergei Volkov, Ulyanovsk.BSD is fully adapted to the needs of Russian-speaking users. “Our assembly is as lightweight as possible and is ideal for use both on home computers and on workstations of employees of various organizations, as well as for use in educational institutions,” says the author of the project, without going into details of how exactly the product he compiled differs from the original. The credibility of the project is added not only by the presence of a commercially distributed distribution and paid technical support, but also by an entry in the Russian software registry. This means that the Ulyanovsk.BSD software platform can be legally used by government organizations as part of projects to introduce import-substituting technologies.
A certified and secure operating system that allows you to process information in accordance with Federal Law No. 152 “On Personal Data” and implement systems for processing restricted access information that is not related to state secrets. ICLinux includes remote administration tools, has a built-in firewall certified for compliance with the RD ME for security class 3, supports RDP, X-Windows System, SSH, Telnet, VNC, VPN, NX, ICA and other protocols. The platform’s assets also include compatibility with the authentication tools of the Aladdin R.D. company. and a modular architecture that allows you to flexibly customize the operating system to suit customer requirements.
⇡ "Alpha OS" (Alfa OS)
Developer: ALFA Vision company
Another Linux clone, equipped with a user interface a la macOS with a set of familiar office applications and filled with deep philosophical meaning. No joke, on the developer’s website in the “About the Company” section, it says: “ The operating system is a special phenomenon, a point at which technological, aesthetic and humanitarian concepts converge. A peak that is visible from all sides. For it to shine and become what it should be, a wide variety of meaningful experiences are needed. And we have it" There is so much expression in these words, what a presentation of information! Agree, not everyone can present their product to a wide audience so expressively. Currently, Alpha OS is presented as a desktop version for x86-compatible systems. In the future, ALFA Vision intends to roll out mobile and server editions of the OS to the market, as well as a distribution kit for devices based on ARM processors.
A software platform developed specifically for computing systems with SPARC and Elbrus architecture. A special feature of the system is the radically redesigned Linux kernel, which has implemented special mechanisms for managing processes, virtual memory, interrupts, signals, synchronization, and support for tagged calculations. " We have done fundamental work to transform the Linux OS into an operating system that supports real-time operation, for which relevant optimizations have been implemented in the kernel. During real-time work, you can set various modes for processing external interrupts, scheduling calculations, exchanges with disk drives, and some others", explains the MCST company. In addition, a set of tools for protecting information from unauthorized access is built into the core of the Elbrus software platform, which allows you to use the OS to build automated systems that meet the highest information security requirements. The system also includes archiving, task planning, software development and other tools.
⇡ "EdOS"
An operating system based on the Linux kernel, designed to ensure the security of processed data. "Red OS" complies with domestic information security requirements, has pre-configured configurations for each hardware architecture, uses GOST 34.11-2012 algorithms in the ssh and NX protocols, and also supports access control lists. In addition, the OS supports network authentication using plug-in authentication modules (PAM, Pluggable Authentication Modules) and includes a specialized distributed audit subsystem that allows you to monitor critical security events in the corporate network and provides the IT administrator with the necessary tools for prompt response to incidents IB.
⇡ GosLinux (“GosLinux”)
Developer: Red Soft company
GosLinux OS was created specifically for the needs of the Federal Bailiff Service of the Russian Federation (FSSP of Russia) and is suitable for use in all government bodies, state extra-budgetary funds and local governments. The platform is built on the CentOS 6.4 distribution, which includes developments from Red Hat Enterprise Linux. The system is presented in two editions - for servers and workstations, contains a simplified graphical interface and a set of pre-configured information security tools. The OS developer is the Red Soft company, which won the competition in March 2013 for the development, implementation and maintenance of automated information systems of the Federal Bailiff Service of Russia. In 2014, the system received a certificate of conformity from the FSTEC of Russia, confirming that GosLinux has an estimated trust level of OUD3 and complies with the requirements of the governing document of the State Technical Commission of the Russian Federation for the 4th level of control over the absence of undeclared capabilities. GosLinux OS distribution for organs state power posted in the national fund of algorithms and programs at nfap.minsvyaz.ru. Currently, the GosLinux platform is being actively deployed in all territorial bodies and divisions of the Federal Bailiff Service of Russia. The OS was also handed over for trial operation to representatives of the authorities of the Nizhny Novgorod, Volgograd and Yaroslavl regions.
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Developer: Almi LLC
Product website:
Another Linux build on our list that definitely doesn't suffer from a lack of praise from developers. " Unique, ideal, simple, combining the convenience of the Windows operating system, the stability of macOS and the security of Linux“- such phrases raising AlterOS to the skies are stitched up and down the official website of the product. What exactly is the uniqueness of the domestic platform is not stated on the site, but information is provided about three editions of the OS: AlterOS “Volga” for the public sector, AlterOS “Amur” for the corporate segment and AlterOS “Don” for servers. The system is reported to be compatible with many software solutions in demand in the business environment, including 1C and Consultant Plus, as well as domestic cryptographic protection tools (for example, CryptoPro). Special emphasis is placed on the absence in the version of the platform for government organizations of software that interacts with foreign servers - everything is done according to the canons of maximum import substitution, the developers say.
⇡ Mobile Armed Forces System (MSMS)
Developer: All-Russian Research Institute of Control Automation in the Non-Industrial Sphere named after. V.V. Solomatina (VNIINS)
A secure general-purpose operating system designed for building stationary and mobile secure automated systems in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Accepted for supply to the RF Armed Forces in 2002. WSWS is based on the Linux kernel and components, supplemented by discretionary, mandatory and role-based models for restricting access to information. The system operates on hardware Intel platforms(x86 and x86_64), SPARC (“Elbrus-90micro”), MIPS, PowerPC64, SPARC64 and is certified according to the information security requirements of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The security measures implemented in WSWS make it possible to create automated systems based on the platform that process information that constitutes a state secret and has a secrecy level of “SS” (top secret).
⇡ "Zarya"
Developer: Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Central Research Institute of Economics, Informatics and Control Systems" ("TsNII EISU", part of the "United Instrument-Making Corporation")
A family of software platforms based on the Linux kernel, which represent an alternative to foreign operating systems currently used in law enforcement agencies, the public sector and defense enterprises. The Zarya desktop operating system is compatible with most traditional office applications and programs. The Zarya-DPC server platform allows you to organize an application server or database server. To build data centers, it offers a standard set of server software, virtualization tools, and the ability to work on so-called “big hardware,” including mainframes. For embedded systems operating without human intervention, which must process information in real time, a special OS “Zarya RV” has been developed. The system corresponds to the third class of protection against unauthorized access and the second level of control over the absence of undeclared capabilities. The platform was developed by order of the Russian Ministry of Defense and is expected to be in demand by law enforcement agencies, the defense complex, as well as commercial structures working with state secrets and personal data.
Operating system for terminal stations. It is based on Linux and contains only the necessary set of tools for organizing workspaces using thin clients. All features beyond this scope are excluded from the distribution. Kraftway Terminal Linux supports many application-level network protocols (RDP, VNC, SSH, NX, XWindow, VMWare View PCoIP, etc.), allows you to configure access rights for forwarding USB media, provides the ability to use network and local printers, and contains configuration recovery tools OS during reboot, as well as tools for remote group management of terminal stations and administration of workstations. A special feature of the system is its high security. Kraftway Terminal Linux also supports user authentication hardware: eToken PRO and eToken PRO Java USB keys from Aladdin R.D. CJSC, as well as RuToken S and RuToken EDS from Active-Soft CJSC. The OS update can be carried out by the administrator via local network or from a USB flash drive. It is possible to configure auto-update both from the customer’s local server and from the Kraftway server.
⇡ WTware
Developer: Andrey Kovalev
Another software platform for deploying workplaces in the IT infrastructure of an enterprise using inexpensive terminal solutions. The WTware distribution includes services for downloading over the network, tools for working with printers, barcode scanners and other peripheral equipment. Supports COM and USB port redirection, as well as smart card authentication. To connect to the terminal server, the RDP protocol is used, and to quickly resolve issues that arise when setting up the operating system, detailed documentation is included with the distribution. WTware is distributed under commercial terms and licensed by the number of workstations. For the Raspberry Pi mini-computer, the developer offers free version OS.
⇡ KasperskyOS
Developer: Kaspersky Lab
A secure operating system designed for use in critical infrastructures and devices. The Kaspersky Lab platform can be used to automated systems technological process control (APCS), telecommunications equipment, medical devices, cars and other gadgets from the world of the Internet of Things. The OS was created from scratch and, due to its architecture, guarantees high level information security. The basic operating principle of KasperskyOS comes down to the rule “everything that is not permitted is prohibited.” This eliminates the possibility of exploiting both already known vulnerabilities and those that will be discovered in the future. At the same time, all security policies, including prohibitions on performing certain processes and actions, are configured in accordance with the needs of the organization. The platform will be supplied as pre-installed software on various types equipment used in industrial and corporate networks. Currently, Kaspersky Lab's secure OS is embedded in an L3 routing switch developed by Kraftway.
A real-time operating system (RTOS), written by AstroSoft programmers from scratch, without borrowing anyone else's code, and designed primarily for the Internet of Things and embedded devices. In addition, it is suitable for robotics, medical equipment, smart home and smart city systems, consumer electronics, etc. For the first time, the MAX real-time OS (the abbreviation stands for “multi-agent coherent system”) was demonstrated to a wide audience in January 2017. The platform not only implements all the classic functionality of products of this type, but also has a number of unique capabilities for organizing the interaction of many devices, making it possible to simplify the creation of mechanisms necessary in embedded systems: redundancy, hot-swappable equipment, etc. One of the features of MAX is support for shared memory at the device level. This mechanism ensures automatic synchronization of information between nodes of a distributed system, resistant to failures of individual components. RTOS "MAX" is included in the register of domestic software. In addition, the product is registered with the Federal Service for Intellectual Property (Rospatent) and is currently undergoing certification by the Federal Service for Technical and Export Control (FSTEC of Russia) for the fourth level of control of undeclared capabilities (NDV).
⇡ As a conclusion
There are two approaches to creating Russian software. The first is to write the source code of products from scratch, entirely by domestic specialists. The second option involves the creation of national software based on the modification of borrowed source codes. This is precisely what Russian software companies working in the field of software import substitution adhere to. Our top 20 operating systems with the “Made in Russia” label are a clear confirmation of this. Whether this is good or bad is a big question, a subject for a separate discussion.
From January 1, 2016, all state and municipal bodies, state corporations Rosatom and Roscosmos, management bodies of state extra-budgetary funds, as well as state and budgetary institutions those carrying out procurement in accordance with the requirements “On the contract system in the field of procurement of goods, works, services to meet state and municipal needs” are required to comply with the ban on the admission of software originating from foreign countries for the purpose of procurement to meet state and municipal needs .
In order to make a decision on purchasing software, the customer needs to work with the registry. When working with the Russian software registry, a customer placing an order for the supply of software products must:
1) study the classifier and determine which class it corresponds to software, planned for purchase;
2) go to the official website of the registry and find out whether the registry contains information about software for this class (see below for how to do this);
3) if information about one or more software products for the required class is in the registry, the customer will need to independently determine whether at least one of the products meets the characteristics that the customer requires and which he plans to include in the description of the procurement object. To do this, it is advisable to determine the required functional, technical and operational characteristics of the software and compare them with similar characteristics of the software, information about which is posted in the registry.
An approximate form of comparison of characteristics is given below:
| No. | Software characteristics | Required | Product A | Product B |
| 1. | Functional characteristics | |||
| 1.1. | Centralized management | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 1.2. | Physical and virtual infrastructure management | Yes | Limited | Yes |
| … | Ability to manage virtualization environments from multiple vendors | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 2. | Specifications | |||
| 2.1. | Maximum number of virtualization hosts | 64 | 64 | 200 |
| 2.2. | Maximum number of virtual machines | 3000 | 8000 | Not documented |
| 2.3. | Automatic VM recovery after failure (HA) | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 3. | Performance characteristics | |||
| 3.1. | AD Integration | Yes | Yes | No |
| 3.2. | Possibility of centralized management via a web browser | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 3.3. | Availability of API for backup | No | Yes | No |
Note
It should be noted that in accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1236 regarding the characteristics of the software, the registry entry contains only the address of the page of the copyright holder’s website on the Internet, which contains documentation containing a description of the functional characteristics of the software and information necessary for installation and operation of the software. In practice, the website of the copyright holder does not always contain all the necessary information about the software. The mechanism for obtaining such information for preparing a justification has not been regulated. If there is insufficient information about the required software, it is advisable to request the copyright holder to provide such characteristics.
Based on the results of the work performed, the customer makes one of two decisions: either to purchase one of the Russian software products listed in the registry, or to justify the purchase of software not included in the registry.
The second is possible if:
a) the registry does not contain information about the software of the required class;
b) the software, information about which is included in the register for the required class, does not meet the customer’s requirements in terms of its functional, technical and (or) operational characteristics.
In this case, the customer must prepare, approve and publish (together with the procurement documentation). This obligation is established by Part 3 of Article 14 of the Federal Law of April 5, 2013 No. 44-FZ “On the contract system in the field of procurement of goods, works, services to meet state and municipal needs.” The procedure for preparing the justification (Procedure) has been approved.
It is worth noting that in accordance with clause 4 of the Procedure, the customer must approve the specified justification as of immediately on the day of posting the notice of procurement. It is not enough to approve the justification simultaneously with the entire package of procurement documentation.
To comply with this provision, given the complex procurement procedures in general, customers should monitor not only the registry itself, but also the applications submitted for inclusion in the registry (they are also posted on the registry operator’s website). This will make it possible to foresee the inclusion of a particular software in the registry in advance.
It is advisable to prepare a draft justification at the time of preparation of the full package of procurement documentation, and then update and approve it on the day of publication.
The justification must contain an indication of:
a) a circumstance due to which it is impossible to comply with the prohibition (subparagraph “a” or “b” of paragraph 2 of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1236 is selected);
b) the class (classes) of software to which the software that is the object of the purchase must comply;
c) requirements for the functional, technical and operational characteristics of the software that is the object of purchase, established by the customer (indicating the class(es) to which the software must comply, see above);
d) functional, technical and (or) operational characteristics, including quantitative ones, for which software products from the registry do not meet the requirements established by the customer for the software product that is the object of purchase, for each software product from the registry (indicating its name). Software products compared in this way must belong to the same class ().
See also examples of justifications for the impossibility of purchasing software from the registry: ; . More examples of similar documents presented to justify the impossibility of purchasing a domestic software product can be viewed.
If the registry does not contain information about software for the required class (subparagraph “a” of paragraph 2 of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1236 is selected), the last block (“d”) is not included in the justification.
Regarding this block (“d”), it should also be borne in mind that Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1236 does not provide for the mandatory indication of the functional, technical, and operational characteristics of the purchased software in order to prove its difference from the software specified in the registry. However, incorrectly specified characteristics of both the software required by the customer and the software placed in the registry may give rise to claims from regulatory authorities. The reason for the claims may be, for example, an appeal from a software developer, information about which is included in the register, with a complaint to the Federal Antimonopoly Service about the customer’s incorrect justification for the impossibility of complying with the ban.
If there is insufficient information about the characteristics of the software, information about which is posted in the registry, it is advisable to request the copyright holder to provide such characteristics.
If such information is not provided, it is advisable to take screenshots of the pages of the copyright holder’s website that contain information about the characteristics of the software from the registry (at the time of publication of the justification), and attach these screenshots to the justification.
An example of justification for the impossibility of complying with the ban on purchasing software is given in.
Checking the presence in the register of information about software for a specific class on the website reestr.minsvyaz.ru in its current form is performed as follows:
1) on the Russian software registry website, go to the “Register” section;
2) select the required software class(es):
3a) if there is no information about the software for the required class in the register, the corresponding message appears:
3b) if the registry contains information about software of the required class, a list of software products appears:
Current additions (as of December 2017)
In March 2017, the government approved programs for electronic computers and databases, information about which is included in the register of Russian software. The requirements determine the composition, architecture, and functions of the software required to replace imported analogues.
In particular, the software interface must be implemented in Russian. The software should not require the installation of other software (additional software modules, fonts) that has any restrictions on its free distribution in Russia, with the exception of operating systems. Software updates should only be performed after confirmation by the user or authorized personnel. Moreover, for each type of software (operating system, communication software, office suite, email applications, organizer, viewers, Internet browser, presentation editor, spreadsheet editor, text editor, file manager software, legal reference system (LRS), software electronic document management systems and anti-virus protection) there are special requirements.
According to the resolution, the registry entry is supplemented with information about compliance or non-compliance of the software additional requirements. However, as of the end of 2017, such information could not be found in the register.
In June 2017, the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications published plans for the transition of federal executive bodies and state extra-budgetary funds to the use of domestic office software, including in replacement of previously purchased office software.
For a complete list of regulations related to software import substitution, see
The transition of Russian companies to domestic software may soon become not just a desirable, but a frankly forced measure. The sanctions agenda against companies operating in Russia is the main incentive for developing their own business solutions in the IT field. The latest wave of international bans has only strengthened this trend. At the end of January 2018, Oracle, the largest American software manufacturer, sent a letter to Russian clients from the oil and gas sector who were on the US sanctions list about tightening the conditions for the provision of their products. The ban extended to Gazprom, Surgutneftegaz, Lukoil, Rosneft, their subsidiaries and some foreign projects. Market participants recognize that even a small restriction from Oracle could cause significant damage to their business.
At the same time, federal government information systems continue to operate mainly on database management systems from Microsoft (38.6%) and Oracle (25.4%), while Russian analogues are used by only 2.9%. In Russia, programs and decisions have already been made to switch to domestic software, but this process is slowed down by certain factors. There are almost no competitive products on the market, and there is almost no demand for domestic software. Commercial companies prefer to use ready-made foreign technological solutions, while the main consumers of domestic software are government departments and companies that are forced to resort to them for reasons of state security.
In 2017, the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications approved methodological recommendations for the transition of government agencies to domestic software. At the beginning of the year, plans and schedules for the transition to domestic office software for the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Culture, the Ministry of Energy, the Ministry of Transport, the Federal Tax Service, the Presidential Administration and other departments also appeared in the public domain. Russian database management systems (DBMS) in total use only 2.9% of federal state information systems (FSIS), including one system of their own development. Among server operating systems, Windows Server is the leader: it is used by 67% of the analyzed FSIS against 69.5% in 2015. Linux and Unix flavors are used in 24% and 8.5% of FSIS, respectively. The most popular open source operating system was the American Red Hat (a variant of Linux) with a share of 6.8%. Only two FSIS servers operate on the basis of Russian Linux distributions: the state services website based on Alt Linux and the “State Services” complex of the Main Directorate for Drug Control of the Ministry of Internal Affairs based on MCBC. Given the successful implementation of their own software in government agencies, experts nevertheless doubt their wider distribution: but none of them have commercial potential.
Of course, there are good Russian developments on the market, but for the most part they can only work with lightly loaded systems. At the same time, the software that is used government organizations, is not intended for general use and cannot be commercialized. Considering the risk of being left without alternative software on which the business runs, it will be profitable for private firms to invest in this industry as a priority. In the future, the high costs of creating infrastructure may be justified if divided by the number of stakeholders. Of course, there are mechanisms by which companies subject to sanctions can still circumvent the ban on the use of foreign software by purchasing it for another legal entity and further implementing it. However, practice shows that when sanctions are introduced, companies that are not subject to them may also encounter difficulties. In 2014, our company had difficulties finding a contractor for maintenance and technical support for the DBMS, although we were in no way related to the sanctioned companies. In addition, no one is immune from a situation where sanctions affect the entire country, and not a separate sample of organizations. This will become an obstacle to becoming digital economy, which can no longer be stopped.
Free software is one of the alternatives to import substitution in IT. The so-called Open Source gives users the right to unlimited installation, launch and use of a program or software on any computer. The use of such software is free everywhere: in schools, offices, universities, on personal computers and in all organizations and institutions, including commercial and government ones, in Russia and the CIS countries. However, the transition to open source also has its own limiting factors. First, some industries have little or no high quality free software. Secondly, in countries with frequent cases of unauthorized distribution of copyrighted works, which include Russia, there is neither economic nor legal benefit in switching to this type of software. Users accustomed to paid content do not want to waste time studying a free analogue if it does not bring them direct benefits in a short time.
Another problem is the distribution and marketing of open source. Some paid programs and software are so popular that users do not know about the existence of other similar software. In addition, the transition to free software can be complicated by compatibility issues with other software or with existing file formats. Finally, the use of open source cannot eliminate the risks of imposing sanctions on organizations that distribute and support it. Separately, it is worth noting that in Russia, government agencies spend enormous amounts of money on IT solutions, including the acquisition of licenses, as part of government procurement. At the same time, there is successfully implemented experience from other countries that have widely transferred government departments to free software. Among them is France, which successfully transferred employees of the French parliament and the national gendarmerie to Linux (Ubuntu), and also recommended that higher education institutions use free software as a priority.
Unexpectedly, the following pattern emerges: in addition to the visible risks of using foreign commercial software, there are also significant economic benefits when refusing to use it. In addition, there are already examples of successful implementation of domestic software on the Russian market. For example, the market share of ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) programs of 1C Firm is 18.7% in monetary terms. Another example is Kaspersky Lab, which specializes in creating antiviruses and protection systems against spam, hacker attacks and other cyber threats.
It is worth noting, however, that in addition to software, the problem of Russian hardware and communications equipment remains unresolved, which also requires close attention. Some work is being done in this direction: for example, Russian Elburs computers based on a domestically developed microprocessor appeared back in 2014. However, on a global scale, the question still remains open. Currently, most of the software being developed uses foreign computer technologies as hardware, which, in the event of supply interruptions, may require significant additional efforts to adapt the software.
The gradual transition and attempts to form a market for domestic software are a necessary measure in the current political situation, which can really shake up the domestic market - reduce the cost of software and adapt it to Russian specifics and laws. In addition, local technical support will facilitate the process of interaction with users. In this sense, after some time we will be able to stop looking enviously towards India, which outsources the lion’s share of international IT orders, and we will finally stop exporting “raw” brains to leading technology companies. Until then, any talk about the development of the digital economy in Russia will remain rather populist rhetoric.
Those companies that do not risk abandoning foreign software development may spend more than one year restoring their business if sanctions are imposed for the entire Russian market. This can not only lead to multimillion-dollar losses, but also affect clients and ordinary consumers. The speedy transition of private businesses to domestic software, meanwhile, will help “mitigate” the consequences of sanctions. In addition, its development will reduce the cost of purchasing software and, as a result, make your product available to a larger audience. And this, as we know, always benefits business.
The implementation of the import substitution strategy in the field of information technology is under the special control of the government. First of all, state-owned companies will have to abandon foreign software products; in the second half of the year, all of them will have to mandatory switch to Russian software.
At the end of March, Russian President Vladimir Putin, at a meeting with members of the government, said that state-owned companies this year need to abandon foreign software within a year. They should use cheaper and more accessible Russian analogues, especially since domestic developers can provide all the needs of companies. Restrictions on the purchase of foreign software should affect all government customers.
Earlier, the head of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications Nikolai Nikiforov reported that government agencies purchase foreign software worth 20 billion rubles a year, but now they will fight against unreasonable purchases: “Together with the FAS of Russia we will catch the hand of those government customers who still prefer to purchase foreign software the old fashioned way, despite the fact that there are Russian solutions."
The government has allocated 5 billion rubles to support the domestic software development industry. Developers will be able to receive these funds in May-June.
However, industry experts doubt that such a global transition from imported software to domestic developments can be realized in such a short time. Among the reasons cited are the lack of competitive domestic software to solve certain problems and the lack of necessary budgets for companies.
Import substitution in the IT sector became a strategic task not so long ago, about two years ago. “At that moment, experts noted that not in all segments we have solutions that can compete with Western ones, and it will take from three to seven years for these solutions to appear,” explained Dmitry Mramorov, general director of SKB Kontur. And the mere presence of a particular product does not mean that it can completely replace a foreign solution.”
Emphasis: The government allocated 5 billion rubles to support domestic software
Today, almost all state-owned companies could decide to switch to domestic software and start it. But, according to industry representatives, this should be done carefully, as needed, and not for the sake of a formal replacement. “The transition process can take up to three years,” confirmed Sergei Maslov, director of government and corporate projects at ALT Linux. “There are several reasons: on the one hand, the volume of replacement work is very large, on the other hand, it is advisable to do many software replacements during the modernization process , that is, changing existing solutions to more modern ones." According to him, some solutions will require additional development, and this also takes time.
At the moment, the register of domestic software contains more than 400 program titles, and it continues to grow. But whether the solutions from Russian developers will be enough for the normal functioning of state-owned enterprises can only be shown by the practical application of the register.
According to Vyacheslav Medvedev, leading analyst of the development department of Doctor Web, there is also a danger of problems with software compatibility: “Basically, the software offered as a replacement are clones of free software. But OpenOffice is not fully compatible with MSOffice document formats. How do you feel about the risk that your important document will not be read by the recipient or you will not be able to study all the nuances of the received document? And there are a lot of such risks.”
Experts noted that there are now good domestic solutions in the field of security and software for IT infrastructures, but there are practically no solutions in the field of operating systems. It is important to fill this niche. “There is one version of the Linux OS in the registry and no Windows OS. This means that companies will have to migrate their entire landscape to Linux,” noted Dmitry Sergeev, director of business development at the Jet Infosystems software solutions center. “It will not be easy to do this in the near future,” but here it’s more a question of priorities and funding. If desired, it is possible, if not completely replace, then at least minimize the presence of foreign software.” True, for some time state-owned companies can still take advantage of the opportunity provided by government decree. That is, refuse to purchase Russian software included in the register if it is technical specifications inferior to foreign software.
As for state support for developers, not everything is clear here either. Experts note that with a meaningful distribution of funds, a positive effect will be noticeable, but drastic changes should not be expected from cash injections alone. “Support measures by themselves do not solve anything,” stated Vyacheslav Medvedev. “The fact is that the country does not need import substitution as such, but import independence. It is necessary to create conditions under which competitive software will be created.”
There are several other barriers to a quick and, most importantly, voluntary transition to domestic software. "Among them are the poor popularity of our software products, the great marketing capabilities of Western competitors and, perhaps, the habit of IT departments to simple choice premium brands from the Gartner magic square, which our software cannot get into,” said Sergei Ryzhikov, CEO of 1C-Bitrix. - The actions of the government and the Ministry of Communications are aimed at switching the focus of consumer attention to our colleagues, software producers. The ban on the purchase of foreign software for government agencies has already aroused great interest in domestic developments, however, there are still opportunities to strengthen requirements and tighten control over procurement."
However, according to the expert, a ban on the use of foreign software alone will not be enough; PR support will be needed. “This story has already begun with the registry of domestic software. And this is a great achievement,” Sergei Ryzhikov is sure.