Large terrace attached to the house. A step-by-step guide to building a veranda at your dacha with your own hands. Installing the roof and floor

This is an extension to your home that allows you to enjoy nature while still being in the comfort of your own home. It can be made of brick or wood, and we offer you the most elegant and least labor-intensive option - a veranda made of.

Location

First of all, you need to develop a construction project, and for this you need to clearly understand why you need it, what kind of veranda you want, what kind of view you will see from it. The veranda can be used as a hall, a dining room, a winter garden, or a living room.

on the corner;
from the end;
from the front of the house.

It is most convenient to choose the place where there is an entrance door to the house to build a veranda, so you can get into the veranda directly from the house. However, if your flight of fancy is not limited to such stereotypes, if you wish and have the tools, you can make an additional doorway. And in general, the entrance to the veranda can only be from the street, but then it will be more like. Another option is that the veranda can only be accessed from the house; entrance from the street is not provided.

If making another doorway is not a problem for you, keep in mind that a good place for a veranda will be on the western or eastern wall of the house, then it will be well lit and at the same time protected from the summer heat. Some even build a wraparound veranda around the perimeter of the entire house.

Important! Do not place the entrance to the veranda opposite the entrance to the house-because of this, there will always be a draft on the veranda.

Next you need to decide on the size. Verandas along the entire length of the wall of the house look good, but smaller ones can be built. But you shouldn’t build verandas that extend beyond the length of the walls of the house - they look too heavy.

The most common shape for such an extension is rectangular, but it can also be in the form of a polygon or circle.
The veranda can be open (without walls) or closed. If you install sliding panels, a closed building can easily turn into an open one if necessary.

The project drawings must be submitted for approval to the relevant authorities, and the construction of the veranda (even with your own hands) must be legalized, otherwise problems may arise in the process of selling the house or transferring it in some other way.

List of materials and tools

To build a veranda, you will need the following tools:

bucket;
concrete mixer or tub;
hammer;
hacksaw;
level and water level;
cord to align the posts;
screwdriver;
drill;
drill of the appropriate diameter;
perforator;
electric saw;
electric plane;
jigsaw;
roulette;
pencil;
square

You will also need the following materials:

concrete (cement, sand, crushed stone or gravel);
brick, metal posts or beams;
boards and nails for formwork;
water;
waterproofing on;
beams 100x100 mm;
floor board 30x100 mm;
aluminum or polycarbonate profile;
screws and special screws for polycarbonate;
nails 100 mm, nails with a small head;
staples;
metal corners;
anchor bolts;
dowels;
slats 30 mm;
wooden lining;
baseboard;
vapor barrier;
aluminum adhesive tape;
insulation.

The veranda differs from the terrace in the presence

If you are building a veranda with your own hands from polycarbonate, then since it is a fairly light material, the foundation can be poured using the columnar method. However, the final choice of method for pouring the foundation depends on the condition of the soil (frozen, swampy).

If you want a small extension, then the number of columns will be 4 pieces (1 in each corner). If you are planning a large veranda, the posts should be placed every 50 cm.
Step by step instructions to pour the foundation of the veranda with your own hands it looks like this:

Dismantle the porch and the canopy over it.
Collect all trash.
Remove the top layer of soil (15 cm).
Mark locations for the posts.
Dig holes for the posts with a depth equal to the depth of the foundation of the house.
Pour 10 cm of sand at the bottom of the hole, and 10 cm of crushed stone or gravel on top of it.
Build formwork of appropriate height from wooden boards.
Pour concrete to ground level or to the entire required height of the foundation.
If you have chosen asbestos, metal or wooden posts, then before pouring concrete, you need to insert these posts, covering them with solutions to protect the metal or wood.
Allow the concrete to dry thoroughly, occasionally watering it with water if the weather is hot outside.
Remove the formwork.
Fill the distance between the concrete and the ground with sand or small crushed stone.
If you chose brick columns, then lay the brick to the required height.
Align the height of all columns, taking into account that the floors in the house must be 30 cm higher than in the extension, otherwise its roof will not fit under the roof of the house (relevant for one-story mansions).

Frame

Let's look at the process of installing a frame for a veranda with our own hands step by step:

Waterproof the foundation using roofing felt or bitumen, spreading it over the entire foundation.
Insert the anchor into the posts, having previously drilled a hole.
Mark the first outside corner of the porch by driving a nail.
Starting from the first nail, mark all 4 corners of the building, carefully measuring the right angle (90 °).
Perform the bottom trim (the first layer), laying out prepared 100x100 mm beams and joining them at the corners using the “half-tree” method (when half of the beam is cut out at the ends of two beams using an electric planer). If the beams are not connected at a corner, the beams can simply be connected to each other.
It is better to lay insulation between the beams.
Fasten connections metal corners or staples.
Use a water level to check how smooth the binding is.
Use a square to check that the corners are not skewed.
Screw the frame to the foundation with anchor bolts.
Check again with a water level and a square to see if the harness is warped.
Cut holes for the posts. A distance of 50 cm is considered optimal; the placement of windows and doors must be taken into account.
Install the racks, attaching them to the bottom frame using brackets. The racks must be embedded strictly vertically; this can be easily checked using a level.
Before installing the top trim, so that the racks do not warp, install temporary spacers - nail the slats between the racks.
In the beams for the top trim, cut holes for the posts.
Using staples, attach the top trim to the posts.
Remove the spacers.

Since we will use polycarbonate as the material for the walls, it is permissible to install aluminum or polycarbonate profiles instead of wooden posts, then the veranda can be given a rounded shape.

Roof

The veranda roof can be:

single-slope if the extension is attached to the house by a wide part;
gable when the veranda is attached perpendicular to the house.

Polycarbonate coating allows you to make the extension lighter and visually more voluminous. This material can withstand impacts, severe frosts and extreme heat, it is lightweight, it can be bent, drilled, cut, it does not allow sounds and heat to pass through. At your request, you can choose colored or matte material, cellular (there will be a translucent roof) or monolithic (in appearance no different from glass).

In order to cover the veranda, you must follow the following procedure:

Make markings using a level and drill holes for anchors in the timber and wall of the house.
Attach the timber to the wall with anchor bolts.
Make grooves for the rafters in the timber and in the top trim.
Install the rafters using the “half-tree” method from the wall to the top frame so that they protrude beyond the frame (otherwise the rain will flow directly down the walls of the veranda). The distance between the centers of the rafters is maintained at 101 cm. The angle between the rafters and the wall, between the rafters and the top frame must be straight.
Attach the rafters using metal brackets, corners, and nails.
Make a frame using aluminum or polycarbonate profiles, screwing it to the rafters with self-tapping screws.
Attach polycarbonate sheets with self-tapping screws or fixing profiles.

Important! In order for water to drain, the beam should be positioned above the top trim of the frame, making an angle of approximately 40° , but not less than 25° .

If the roof for the veranda is designed in the form of an arch, aluminum or polycarbonate profiles can be used instead of wooden beams. Despite the fact that polycarbonate is a fairly convenient material to work with, some nuances must be observed when installing it:

Do not remove the protective film until the end of installation, so as not to deform it.
If an aluminum profile is used, then the edges of the polycarbonate must be sealed with a special aluminum adhesive tape.
Self-tapping screws must be specially designed for working with polycarbonate; they have a special gasket that does not allow the material to deform.
The grooves for self-tapping screws need to be drilled a little wider, since polycarbonate can contract or expand with temperature changes.
For the same reason, you should not screw the screw too tightly.
Empty channels inside the polycarbonate should be positioned parallel to the roof slope.
It is better to use a jigsaw to cut sheets.

Important! Take your time and don't be too slow when cutting polycarbonate sheets-If the speed of the jigsaw is high, they can melt, but if the speed is too low,-burst.

Floors and walls

Floors are best made of wood, using special 30x100 mm boards. The flooring is laid in the following order:

Keep the boards indoors for 24 hours.
Make markings using a water level and drill holes for anchors in the timber and wall of the house.
Attach the beam to the wall of the house with anchors.
Use a water level to check that there are no distortions between the timber and the lower frame.
Install the logs (base beams under the floor) perpendicular to how you will lay the floor boards, maintaining a distance of up to 1 m.
Check for correct installation using a water level.
Attach the logs using staples, corners, and nails.
Check with a water level that there are no distortions.
Lay out a thermal insulation layer.
Install the floorboard, attaching it with self-tapping screws twice as long as the width of the board.
If necessary, the boards must be sanded.
Treat the boards with special solutions.
Cover with varnish or paint.

Did you know? To make the floor warmer, you can attach the subfloor before installing the logs, drill the logs into subfloor, and lay insulation between the joists. A finished floor is laid on top of the insulation.

You can also make a concrete floor and install it on it.

To build polycarbonate walls on the veranda with your own hands, adhere to the following sequence:

If desired, an aluminum or polycarbonate profile can be attached to wooden posts.
Prepare polycarbonate sheets, cut with a jigsaw if necessary.
Glue the edges of the sheets with a special aluminum tape.
Starting from the left edge, attach the polycarbonate sheets to the racks with special screws so that the empty channels inside the sheet are perpendicular to the floor.
Attach a special profile at the junction of the sheets.

If you plan to combine an open and closed veranda, you can install sliding walls on special guides for sliding wardrobes.

Interior decoration of the veranda

To maintain harmony in the finishing, in combination with a wooden floor, it is better to decorate the wall of the house with wood. If the house is wooden, then additional finishing is not required; if not, you can use boards or wooden lining for finishing. The sequence of actions when laying the lining is as follows:

Keep the paneling indoors for 1 day.
Drill holes for dowels.
Using dowels, install vertically 30 mm wide slats every 1 m.
Use a level to check for distortions.
Attach a vapor barrier (plastic film, foil, roofing felt) to the slats with self-tapping screws.
Attach the horizontal slats to the vertical ones with self-tapping screws. The bottom rail should be 5 cm above the floor, and the top rail should be 5 cm below the top trim. The slats around windows and doors should be placed at the same distance.
Check the installation using a water level.
Nail the first strip of lining to the batten with small-headed nails. If you want to lay the lining perpendicular to the floor, then the first strip is nailed near the corner, if parallel, then at the top.
Use a level to check the installation.
Next, nail down the remaining strips, checking after each for any distortions.
Complete the installation by installing the baseboard.

Important! You need to nail the lining in the place where the connecting strip begins, further from the edge, driving in nails at an oblique angle.

Windows and doors

If the walls of the veranda are built of wood or brick, then you can insert windows made of monolithic polycarbonate that will slide apart. To do this:

At the top of the window, attach a guide along which the window will move with self-tapping screws. Doors in sliding wardrobes move along such guides.
The guide can also be screwed at the bottom of the window, then the window fastening will be more rigid.
Cut the polycarbonate sheet to the required size.
Attach special rollers to the sheet to ensure mobility.
Insert the structure into the guides.

Did you know? Glass windows are only 20% more transparent than polycarbonate windows, but polycarbonate is 20 times stronger than glass.

Sliding doors made of polycarbonate are installed in the same way. Using the same technology, you can make a completely sliding wall by screwing the guide to the top frame.

Depending on the type of guide, windows and doors can open in one direction, in both directions, or fold like an accordion.

By building a polycarbonate veranda with your own hands, you will not only give a more noble look to your home, but you will also be able to enjoy the sunrise or sunset, drops of falling rain, landscapes, with a cup of coffee or tea in your hand, without suffering from unpleasant weather conditions and saving on payment workers' labor.

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The dining room is a nice place to have tea parties. You can build a veranda with your own hands using the tips from our article. We will tell you how to calculate the material, assemble the frame, etc. This will help you avoid mistakes and save time and money.

A veranda is an unheated extension to the main building, which is adjacent to the house on one side, combining the functions of a porch and a seating area. Unlike a terrace, it is built in the same style as the house and serves as shelter from rain and sun.

The veranda can be:

with glazing ( closed type);
without glazing (open type).

Selection of materials for construction

When choosing materials, you should proceed from the fact that the veranda is most often constructed according to the principle of frame technology. For the racks, lower and upper trim, 150x150 mm timber is used. It can also be used for floor joists. To install the main floor trusses, you need a beam of a smaller cross-section - 80x100 mm. Intermediate rafters are made from 40x40 mm beams. The filling between the racks is made of 20 mm thick edged boards or vinyl siding.

It is necessary to construct a sheathing, which will require a beam of a smaller section (40x20 mm) or metal profile. Stiffening ribs made of the same timber are installed between the racks. The same timber is needed for the installation of roof sheathing. The ceiling is lined with 20 mm boards, moisture-resistant plywood or OSB boards. For the floor, use a tongue and groove board with a thickness of at least 40 mm.

In order to know the exact amount of basic materials, before starting construction it is necessary to make a sketch of the future veranda, which will indicate all dimensions.

Veranda model with basic dimensions

Table. Consumables for building a veranda

Name of material	Unit change	Qty	Average price, rub.	Total cost, rub.
Beam 150x150 mm (pine)	m/n	45/1 m 3	7 500	7 500
Beam 80x100 mm	m/n	20/0.24 m 3	7 500	1 800
Beam 40x40 mm	m/n	20/0.24 m 3	8 500	2 040
Beam 40x20 mm	m/n	16/0.01 m 3	8 500	85
Tongue board 40 mm	m 2	8	640	5 120
Edged board 20 mm	m 2	6	280	1 680
Ceramic brick ordinary M-100	pcs.	250	12,50	3 125
Bituminous shingles	m 2	10	460	4 600
Ruberoid	roll	1	250	250
Cement	kg	150	50	7 500
Sand	m 3	2	120	240
Wooden window block 1200x1000	pcs.	8	4 400	35 200
Wooden door block	pcs.	1	5 000	5 000
Antiseptic	l	5	380	380
Total expenses will be				76 920

The table shows the main materials. Some of them can be replaced, depending on personal preferences, for example, to fill between the racks you can use vinyl or metal siding, wooden lining or its variety - blockhouse.

Construction of a foundation for a veranda

For a lightweight structure (which includes a veranda), the best solution would be to build a columnar foundation. This will significantly reduce the cost and speed up construction.

Should be given special attention base elements located at the entrance: they must be stronger than others. This requirement is caused by the need to prevent the veranda from tilting away from the house, which often happens when the foundation pillars sag. This can be avoided by constructing additional supports.

The construction of a columnar foundation for the veranda is carried out in stages:

The site is being prepared: trees and bushes are cut down, stumps are uprooted.
Marking of installation locations for columnar foundation supports is carried out.
Holes are dug below the freezing level of the soil (approximately 1.1-1.2 m), at the bottom of which a sand bedding 150 mm thick is placed. The sand must be moistened and compacted.
Crushed stone is poured in a layer of about 100 mm.
Crushed stone is poured with liquid cement-sand mortar, after which concreting is done on top of it. The concrete layer should also be about 100 mm.
Roofing felt is laid on top of the concrete in two layers (for waterproofing). Brickwork is being carried out: brick columns of square section (one and a half bricks) are constructed. The height of the above-ground part should be such that the floor level of the veranda is slightly lower than the floor level of the main part of the house.

All supports must be at the same level: this must be controlled using a water spirit level.
After finishing the masonry, the holes are backfilled. The soil needs to be compacted.
Two layers of roofing material are also laid on top of the posts.

The pillars of a columnar foundation must be at the same level

Attention! It is impossible to leave unfinished construction for the winter: due to spring heaving of the soil, unloaded pillars may be unevenly displaced. It will be difficult to fix this.

Frame construction and wall construction

First, we install the bottom frame from the timber (all connections are made only above the foundation post). The beams in the corners are joined halfway across the tree and a tenon is driven into a drilled hole with a diameter of 12 mm. To lay the lags, grooves are hollowed out every 50-60 cm.

The racks must be installed strictly vertically. They are secured with staples and special corner connectors. For ease of installation, the racks are temporarily fixed with jibs. The racks closest to the house should be made higher than those further away, so that the roof slope is at least 7°: this is necessary to ensure good drainage of rainwater and snow removal.

The frame of the veranda will become stronger after installing the window sill beams between the posts. The distance from the floor level is about 0.5 m (windows should be large).

The upper binding is performed in the same way as the lower one. Grooves are hollowed out for the sheathing beams.

In squares formed by bars bottom trim, racks and window sill beams, install diagonal elements (crosswise), connecting them halfway - they will further strengthen the structure. The walls under the window are sheathed on the outside with boards or other suitable material(siding, panel panels, etc.). A heat-insulating material - mineral wool - is placed between the inner and outer cladding (if the veranda will not be used during the cold season, the insulation can be omitted).

Attention! The wood must be inspected and boards and beams with signs of rotting and insect pest passages must be rejected. All wooden elements of the frame should be treated with an antiseptic, and after installation, a paint coating should be applied.

Roof and floor installation

We lay sheets of moisture-resistant plywood or OSB boards. We use it as a roofing material: it will be more comfortable under such a roof when it rains. You should also install a gutter with a slope of 3-5° towards the water drainage area.

For the floor you need well-dried, planed tongue and groove boards with a thickness of at least 40 mm. They are pressed tightly together, leaving a compensation gap of 5-10 mm at the edges.

Note: In order for the floor to serve for a long time, the space between the foundation supports is not sewn up, or vents (ventilation holes) are installed.

After this, a porch is attached to the veranda, doors are installed and glazing is performed. Windows can be with single glass: this is enough to protect against rain and wind. Window frames with double-glazed windows are necessary if the veranda is planned to be heated (in this case, all cracks must be foamed and covered with platbands).

The last step is finishing the interior. You can install a table for tea on the veranda, if the space allows - you can install a dressing table and decorate with flowers and climbing plants so that you can relax comfortably on the veranda during the summer heat or rain.

If you decide that your house or dacha lacks a veranda, then you can always complete it. But first ask yourself: why do you need an additional extension? If it is purely for relaxation amidst nature, then it makes sense to get by with an open terrace or gazebo. The veranda is erected to increase the thermal insulation of the house, because it plays the role of a vestibule between the street and the front door, blocking the direct entry of cold masses into the premises. The secondary function of the extension - to be a place of rest - will only be fulfilled if the room is spacious and insulated. Then in winter you can sit with a cup of tea, contemplating the winter landscapes. Let's try to figure out how best to attach a veranda to the house so that it is warm in winter and maximum air in summer.

Since the veranda will become part of the main building, its style should match the design of the house itself. It is recommended to use the same materials that make up the walls and roof of the house so that the structure looks harmonious.

If used in home decoration modern materials, then the glass veranda looks quite appropriate

You can also combine materials, connecting the house and the veranda with the help of finishing. For example, if the house is brick, keep the same roof covering, and make the walls of the veranda from blocks, but do the exterior finishing decorative plaster and use it to finish the foundation of the main building. It is definitely worth adding a wooden veranda to a wooden country house.

WITH best ideas for decorating a veranda, you can read the material:

The wooden house and the veranda look like a single ensemble

Planning and legalization of the project

The veranda is always built to cover front door. Therefore, in an already finished house, you will not be able to attach it on the side you want. Without an entrance inside, this room will be cut off from the house, and you will have to carry food and tea into it from the kitchen across the street.

The owners themselves come up with the dimensions of the veranda, taking into account the number of people who could relax in it at the same time. For the needs of a family of 5-6 people, a building of 3x4 m is sufficient. But here it is worth taking into account the general view from the street. If you plan a small veranda, and the dacha itself is two-story, then it is unlikely that your architectural ensemble will look harmonious. But for small houses you can just add a veranda along the entire width of the building wall. This will increase the usable area, and from the outside it looks quite decent.

But no matter the size, you will have to officially legalize the building. And not after construction, but before! When you come up with a veranda design and figure out its general appearance, go to a special department that deals with building design and order a veranda project. After its manufacture, you need to go to the city’s architectural department to obtain a building permit and make changes to the house design. Why is it important to do this in advance? It takes about 2 months for the design and approval, so it is better if they happen in the winter, when the construction season has not yet begun.

Marking and layout of the site

Before starting work, it is necessary to prepare the site. To do this, remove the fertile layer (about 15 cm) and take it to the garden or flower beds. The site is leveled and the layout begins. According to the dimensions specified in the project, the boundaries of the future veranda are marked. To do this, drive iron pins or wooden pegs into the corners of the building and string the twine tightly around the perimeter.

The outer edge of the layout should coincide with the dimensions of the veranda, and the inner edge should be set back to the width of the foundation

Creating a foundation: pouring rules

Most often in Russia, a strip or column foundation is made for a veranda attached to a house, equal in depth to the foundation of the main building. At the same time, it is recommended not to tie them into one monolith, because the house and the veranda have different weights, and therefore different degrees of shrinkage. And to prevent a heavy building from dragging down a light building, place the veranda on a separate base. To do this, a gap of up to 4 cm is left between the foundation of the house and the veranda.

Attention! When creating the foundation You should take into account the soil characteristics in your area and the total weight of the building. Lightweight foundations on heaving soils can “play”, and then the veranda will move away from the wall of the main building. In addition, they are not designed for heavy walls, for example, made of brick, and can shrink under their pressure.

It is used for the construction of large verandas made of bricks or blocks, which are covered with a heavy roof (slate, metal tiles, etc.). The easiest way to build a strip foundation for a veranda to a house is from concrete.

On strip foundation the heaviest veranda can withstand

To do this:

A trench is dug (calculate the dimensions according to the foundation of the house).
The formwork is placed at a height equal to the height of the future foundation (or slightly higher). It is made from boards, knocked down into shields.
Concrete is prepared in the following proportions: 1 part cement, 3 parts sand and 6 parts crushed stone.
The first layer of concrete is poured onto the bottom and reinforced with stones to make it about 10 cm.
Next, pour in the next portion, add stones again, etc.
For the top layer of concrete, stones are not used, but the surface is leveled with a trowel and left until it hardens (3-4 days).
If it’s hot, then water it a couple of times a day to avoid cracking of the foundation.

If the veranda is frame or wooden, then you can put it on a columnar foundation. To protect against soil heaving, dig holes to a depth below the freezing point of the soil in your area (more than a meter). For a small and light veranda, it is enough to place posts only in the corners. For a large one, it is worth making a series of intermediate columns with a step of 50-60 cm between them.

The columnar foundation can be made of concrete, blocks or red bricks

Work progress:

Holes are dug.
The bottom of each of them is covered with a 20-centimeter layer of sand.
Pour concrete to the surface of the ground and wait for it to dry.
Coat the finished post with bitumen and fill the gaps between it and the ground with sand.
The above-ground part of the column is created from brick or block masonry, bringing it to the height of the main foundation or slightly lower. Make sure that there is about 30 cm left to the finished floor of the veranda.

Installation of subfloors

Work order:

We fill the underground space with expanded clay for insulation.
We cover the foundation with a double layer of roofing felt (both strip and columnar).
We fix the logs to the foundation, having coated them with an antiseptic in advance.
Laying edged boards(thickness 5 cm).

The logs are pre-impregnated with an antiseptic composition

You can also make a concrete floor, but in this case you will have to carry out additional thermal insulation work, because the base will draw cold from the ground, and the floor on the veranda will be constantly cold.

Construction of a wooden veranda frame

Let's look at how to build a veranda made of wood. To do this, install a frame of beams measuring 10x10 cm. Work order:

The beams for the bottom trim are placed on the finished subfloor, connecting at the corners with a “straight lock”.
Cut grooves for vertical posts every half meter in the beams.
Place the racks, securing them with nails and staples.
A beam for the top trim is attached to the racks on top.
Near the slope of the roof of the house, a girder is nailed on which the rafters will lie. It must be taken onto the anchor bolts (and all the posts adjacent to the building).
The rafter system is being installed.
All wood is treated with an antiseptic.

Material on the construction of a veranda at a frame-type dacha will also be useful:

The beams for the bottom trim are laid on a foundation waterproofed with roofing felt.

The rafter system is attached to the beams of the upper frame

Design features of the roofing pie

Most often, roofs are made pitched. Moreover, they are more sloping than the roofs on the house. Creating a roofing pie on the veranda is carried out according to the same scheme as installing the roof of a regular house.

Continuous or intermittent sheathing is placed on the rafters, depending on the roofing covering

Only if you have an attic-type house, then you made a vapor barrier with one of the layers. In the veranda, vapor barrier is not needed, because the under-roof space will not be used. In addition, with high-quality insulation of walls and floors, a vapor barrier layer is contraindicated. After all, a couple needs to leave the room somewhere. And it will seep through the ceiling into the attic, and from there it will evaporate outside. To do this, it is worth laying a special super-diffusion membrane as a waterproofing layer, which does not let moisture in from the outside, but steam can pass freely from the inside. True, it is not used for steel and metal coatings, because they can rust from condensation. For metal tiles, a special condensate film is purchased.

The superdiffusion membrane consists of microscopic pores that resemble funnels

Wall cladding and window installation

After creating the subfloors, you can sew up the frame, leaving openings for windows and doors. To do this:

In the locations of the windows we install a window sill board, which should be approximately half a meter from the floor. We fix the board to the vertical posts.
We sew up the frame with materials that will retain heat and match the main building. On the inside it can be plywood, and on top of it - lining, on the outside - or wood. But it is necessary to lay a layer of insulation and a waterproofing film between them (on both sides of the insulation) so that moisture from the street and steam from inside do not penetrate into it. Don't forget to leave window openings.

After you have made the frame of the veranda to the house, insert windows and doors.

When installing vertical racks, take a step between them equal to the width of the windows

It is better to sew up the walls on both sides, laying insulation inside

Also, it is necessary to pay attention that the door should not be located opposite the internal door leading into the house. Otherwise, drafts cannot be avoided. It is best to do it from the end so that the cold air that flies in when opening does not find its way into the living quarters.

Features of creating a brick or block veranda

If the veranda is attached to brick house, then it is logical that its walls are made of brick or blocks, ennobling them with decorative plasters.

A brick veranda must have a solid foundation, as the construction will be heavy

Installation tips:

It is better to place the extension on a strip foundation.
Only undertake masonry work yourself if you have construction skills.
Since the building will not be large, a half-brick masonry will suffice, and lay out the inside in blocks.
Fill the voids with expanded clay.
Such a veranda is finished with plasterboard or plastered, and then painted.

Pay special attention to the insulation of each structural element. Even those owners who first install an uninsulated veranda, after a couple of seasons look for ways to make it warmer. Because freezing corners and frosted doors are not very pleasing to the eye. And in Russia, harsh winters are not uncommon.

A spacious and cozy veranda, or, as it is fashionable to say today, a terrace, is a great place for both secluded relaxation and fun, stormy parties with friends in the warm season. Well designed veranda with original design can immediately become a real decoration of the facade of any private home. Of course, it is best to include the construction of a veranda in the main house construction project. But don’t be upset if you didn’t do this prudently, because this type of room can be added at any time.

In this article we will tell you how to attach a veranda to your house with your own hands, consider options for a polycarbonate veranda, as well as an open veranda, and provide photo and video instructions.

Location

As a rule, a veranda is placed in front of the main facade, but it is not forbidden to place it in front of the side facade, if necessary. It is important that the veranda is clearly visible from the gate (the main entrance to the courtyard) and has a passage to the rooms of the house.

The determining role in calculating the length of the veranda is played by the length of the facade of the house along which it will be built. With the width, everything is much simpler; it is usually about two and a half meters.

Before you begin construction, do not forget to prepare workplace, i.e. clean the area, dismantle the porch and canopy over the entrance.

Foundation

For a frame or wooden veranda, a columnar foundation is well suited, i.e. foundation with installation of pillars brickwork under the corner posts.

For a lightweight, small-sized veranda, posts placed in the corners will be sufficient, but for a larger extension, intermediate posts with additional posts (50cm increments) should be installed.

Sequence of work on building the foundation:

First, holes are dug at least one meter deep.
The bottom of each of the pits is filled in layers: first, 20 cm of sand is poured, and then 10 cm of gravel.
Poured concrete base(approximately 15 cm) and allow some time for the concrete to set.
Brick pillars are laid out. Their above-ground part is brought to the height of the main foundation or slightly lower. The height of the brick foundation pillars is usually made 30 cm below the finished floor level.
Each finished post should be coated with hot bitumen.
The cavities of the pillars are filled with brick fragments or fine gravel.
The gaps between the pillars and the ground are filled with sand.

Frame

The frame of the veranda is usually made of wooden beams, the cross-sectional size of which is 120x80 or 100x200. For the same purposes, logs (diameter ≤ 12 cm) are sometimes used.

They usually begin to build a wooden frame from the bottom frame (preferably double). Connections between beams should be made using a direct lock. At the level of the second log, logs and vertical posts with spikes (50x50) are cut into the frame. The entire structure is fastened with nails, and for greater reliability, staples are used.

The most correct distance between the supporting posts is considered to be 50 cm, but, as practice shows, this value can be greater.

The roof truss system and the top trim are installed on racks. The racks can be either solid wooden beams or two boards connected (section 120x40) with a spacer between them. To fasten the rafters, use a horizontal beam passing under the slope of the roof of the house. The beam and racks should be fastened with anchor bolts. During the installation of the veranda frame, make sure that the veranda roof being erected fits well with the roof of the house.

Roof

Undoubtedly, the roof of the veranda should be a continuation of the roof of the house. It is recommended that it be made from the same roofing material, but other types can also be used. The roofing material is attached to the wooden sheathing. The sheathing is installed either at intervals or closely (depending on the type of roof).

The boards are fastened closely when using rolled material. When attaching the flooring to the rafters, the nail heads should be recessed into the wooden surface (they should not protrude under any circumstances). The rolled material is secured at the edges with nails, and for additional fixation, slats are nailed to the coating. The protruding edges of the roll should be folded inward and secured with nails.
If steel roofing material is used for the roof, it is attached to the sheathing with nails and joined with a “seam” seam.
Asbestos cement sheets are installed with an overlap. In this case, the top sheets overlap the bottom sheets by at least 14 cm. They are fastened into pre-drilled holes with nails or screws.

Floors and walls

Usually the floor is made of wood, using wooden boards as the material, pre-coated with an antiseptic.

The veranda can be left open, or you can erect walls, constructing them from wooden panels or clapboards. In the second option, do not forget to take care of the windows.

You should not over-insulate the walls of the veranda, because it is considered a summer recreation room.

After the floor, frame and roof of the veranda have been made, you can begin sheathing the structure with polycarbonate. So, you will have a bright and light veranda where you can have fun during the warm season.

Polycarbonate is a translucent material made from polyesters carbonic acid. It is produced in the form of cellular or monolithic panels. Cellular polycarbonate has cavities between the stiffening ribs that connect two sheets to each other. They often replace glass when arranging verandas. This is due to a number of positive properties of the material.

Although polycarbonate appeared on the construction market not so long ago, it is very popular among consumers. Why? The reason for this is the unique properties of the material, which has no analogues on the market today:

High strength. These figures for polycarbonate are 20 times higher than for glass. If polycarbonate is damaged, it will not crumble into small fragments like glass, but will break into fragments that do not have sharp corners. Thus, the risk of injury from polycarbonate is minimal.
High light transmittance – reaches 86%. Due to the fact that part of the light is scattered, polycarbonate creates protection from direct sunlight. Partially absorbs ultraviolet radiation.
Polymer panels are flexible, making it possible to design curved shapes. Polycarbonate can be bent without special equipment, right at the installation site.
The temperature range is from –40 to +120ºС. And this means that polycarbonate is not afraid of either the scorching sun or severe frosts.

If you don't have much experience in construction, then don't worry. You can master and implement this technology. Initially, you should make a foundation and secure the frame elements in it. After the concrete has completely hardened, you can begin making the frame. How to make a foundation and frame from wood has already been described in the article.

In this case, a thin-walled galvanized sigma profile will be used to make a metal frame. Features of frame installation:

Execution welding work will not be needed, since all connections will be made using bolts. To do this you will need an adjustable wrench.
The main fastening of beams is anchors laid in the base of the foundation. If they have not been installed, you will have to drill holes in the foundation and drive check bolts into them, and then secure the beams.
Sigma profiles are fastened with standard shaped products.

If you made the frame from rolled steel, then it needs to be treated with a primer and then painted with metal paint. This way you will protect the frame from corrosion.

Now you need to cut the polycarbonate to fit it to the required size. This can be done with an electric jigsaw. It is important to take into account that the sheets must be pressed tightly to the surface.

If you cut polycarbonate too quickly with a jigsaw, it will begin to melt, and if this work is done too slowly, the material will burst.

To create a temperature play during the assembly of polycarbonate sheets, it is necessary to ensure that the screws are not clamped all the way. In addition, when installing polycarbonate under washers in mandatory gaskets should be installed. This will protect the material from damage and leaks. The holes in the polycarbonate should be slightly larger than the diameter of the legs of the screws. So, with temperature changes, polycarbonate will contract and expand without deforming.

The roof is installed according to the scheme already described in this article. If you wish, you can also make it from polycarbonate. In this case, your building will be very light. Polycarbonate is laid on the roof according to the same principle as on the walls.

An open veranda is a frame building without walls, and the roof is mounted on beams. This design has a number of advantages and disadvantages.

Among the undeniable advantages of an open veranda, it is worth noting the following:

Easy to install. Its construction requires a minimum of materials and time. It is not difficult to erect it.
Easy care. Such a veranda is more of a part of the street than of a house. Therefore, to keep it clean, it is enough to sweep the floor regularly.
An open veranda will allow you to enjoy the opening landscape and breathe clean air while on it.

Like all man-made works, open-type construction also has disadvantages:

Not suitable for use in the cold season.
It is impossible to install on an open veranda upholstered furniture, since it will be impossible to care for her, and, therefore, staying here will be deprived of a certain home comfort.
It may be difficult to choose finishing materials, since they will be subject to negative environmental influences.

The open veranda is not glazed and no walls are erected on it. It is often used as a gazebo. It is built using a frame method.

For construction you will need:

Concrete pillars for the foundation.
Beam for the frame with a section of 150×150 mm.
Cement and sand.
Beam for strengthening the frame with a section of 120 × 120 mm.
Bracket for connecting timber.
Lathing for the lower part of the veranda. This can be OSB, forging or slats in the form of slabs or balusters.
Wood screws 100 mm and 25 mm for fastening OSB or wooden lining.
Wooden lining.
Beams for roof installation 150×150 mm.
Anchors 150–200 mm.
Krokva 60×120 mm.
Roofing material, for example, metal tiles or ondulin.
Boards for making roof sheathing.
Logs 100×100 mm.
Wind board.
Floor board 30–40 mm.
Paint and varnish products for wood processing.
Rolled waterproofing for foundations.
Drill and saw.
Level.

You have already become familiar with the method of making a foundation, so we will skip this point in our description of the construction of an open-type building. Let’s immediately move on to the features of flooring.

To carry out high-quality installation of the floor, you must first prepare the base. To do this, first of all, the earth is leveled and compacted. Adjustable supports can serve as supports for the joists. Moreover, their number will directly depend on the planned loads on the floor. This idea is great for open verandas.

Then install the joists on the adjustable supports and fasten them. Thanks to these supports, you can adjust the slope of the floor and level it. Installation of boards begins from the edge of the veranda parallel to the joists. The boards must be level and dry. They should be placed closely. The boards are fastened to the joists using nails or wood screws.

Wooden floors are short-lived, as they cannot withstand prolonged exposure to aggressive external environment. If you want to make a more durable floor on the veranda, then you can replace the boards with decking or, as it is also called, deck board.

The structure of the frame and roof does not differ from the technology described in this article.

In order for the wooden elements of an open veranda to last longer, they should be impregnated with special antiseptics and covered with paints and varnishes. Among other things, these actions will highlight the structure of the tree and help make the extension more attractive.

The lower part of the veranda also needs finishing. To do this, you can use slats that are fixed at an angle of 45º, forged elements or balusters. If you use a wooden or plastic lining for this, then you will need to make a frame of beams under it.

To finish the ceiling and pediment you need to use the same material. This can be wooden lining or OSB boards. At this stage it is important to electrical cables to illuminate the veranda and make corresponding holes in the ceiling lining.

Veranda in high-tech style

Look at the beautiful verandas and terraces of the house: photos of real projects are given in the article, enjoy viewing!

The difference between a veranda and a terrace

The veranda can be glazed, while the terrace is an open area.
A mandatory element of a veranda is a roof, but a terrace does not have a roof.
The veranda serves as part of the house, an extension to it. The terrace is located outside the house, often on a small hill.
The veranda can be insulated, while the terrace cannot.

See also:

Veranda

Open veranda

When fencing a deck or deck, choosing lumber that is suitable for outdoor use becomes a priority. Outdoors, wood is subject to nature's harsh tests. The choice of wood type depends on the budget; the most accessible are pine boards, timber, and logs. Oak or beech is better, but much more expensive.

larch;
pine;
ash timber;
solid oak;

Species decorative lattice fencing:

horizontal, vertical or located in different directions - crosswise;
in the shape of a rectangle, square or semicircular;
with different distances between sections.

Glazed veranda

Whether to glaze the veranda or not is a matter of taste for each owner. You can glaze only part of the openings, or all the windows.

Verandas whose glazing is made without the use of frames look interesting. Glass ceilings literally erase the existing line between the interior decoration and the surrounding nature. Frameless glazing is an excellent solution when arranging a winter garden on the veranda.

Verandas with transparent roofs are literally immersed in bright streams sunlight. The vaults of the domed glass roof will allow people to penetrate throughout the day. sun rays, enlivening the room with its glow. Your task is only to enhance the effect by decorating the room with furniture in light shades and creating a light atmosphere for a relaxation area when minimum costs. Always remember that you can create beautiful verandas and terraces for your home in your own home, just show the craftsmen the photo you like.

Design of a glazed veranda in the house

Sliding windows onto the veranda are becoming increasingly popular. By moving one of the glass walls, the veranda turns from closed to open, and vice versa. The veranda's floor-to-ceiling sliding panels can be opened mechanically or automatically using remote control. Glazing the veranda with sliding windows provides an unobstructed view of the garden area and effective protection from precipitation, wind and insects.

Veranda-dining room

The most cozy and friendly place in the house can be the kitchen-dining room on the veranda. The design of this room can be decorated in a minimalist style, where the standard set of furniture from chairs and a table is complemented only by indoor plants and textiles.

Veranda-living room

When arranging an enclosed living room-veranda at the dacha, you should take into account the needs of all family members and make it as functional as possible. When designing a veranda, it is advisable to follow the basic rule of designers - proportionality. In other words, a huge sofa will not suit a small veranda, and a miniature one will get lost in a space with a large area. All elements in the room should be combined with each other both in style and in size.

Arranging furniture in groups contributes to a feeling of comfort. Conversely, its location strictly along the walls will create a more strict, formal atmosphere.

Veranda-office

In the space of any, even the smallest closed veranda, there is room for a comfortable chair, a small desk and a shelf with books. Veranda with panoramic glazing– an ideal solution for the office work area.

Veranda-winter garden

Plants for a greenhouse or winter garden on the veranda - an intermediate zone between the street and the living space, it is advisable to choose hardy ones. For example, tropical: Kenti palms, ficus benjamina, ivy, ficus, yucca. They, like all flowers, require increased attention, warmth, humidity and plenty of light. You can visually expand the boundaries of your home garden by adding a glass roof to the design of your enclosed veranda.

The material used depends on the style. In modernity, plastic and metal are additionally used. Polycarbonate structures are lightweight and decorate the entire building. If the dacha is wooden, then build a beautiful wooden terrace.

Most often, the veranda to the house is built with your own hands from the same material as the house. If it is wooden, then the walls with a frame are wooden, and if it is brick, then they are made of brick. A brick house has a veranda made of wood. Extension of a terrace to the house in the photo. Advantages:

The structures are not heavy; they do not require an expensive, strong foundation.
Economical. Payment for work and materials is cheaper than in other options.
Aesthetics. The carving will be unique, original and very beautiful. See the options for extensions to the house in the photo.
Versatility. When rustic or classic style- This is an excellent choice of material.

Don’t forget that the wood needs to be impregnated with special compounds to prevent beetles from gnawing it and covered with several layers of varnish. Then it requires care and renewal after 1-2 years with a layer of varnish. A summer veranda attached to a wooden house can accidentally catch fire from a thrown cigarette butt, etc.

Furniture for the veranda

The most popular material for making country furniture has always been wood. The most accessible wood was and is pine. The prevalence of growing areas, low price, ease of processing predetermined the frequent use of pine. But with all the advantages of this type, there are also disadvantages. First of all, fragility and high vulnerability to various pests. To counteract these negative phenomena, protection methods are used. The modern chemical industry has invented preparations and coatings that successfully protect wood from premature wear.

Veranda lighting

When choosing lamps for gazebos in shopping centers, you should consider technical specifications purchased device, since such devices must work properly outdoors.

Lighting fixtures for gazebos are made from various materials:

natural wood;
glass;
metal with elements of artistic forging

which allows you to choose a practical, functional and original model.

Terrace

A terrace is a platform that is located at ground level or slightly higher. It is not part of the house and can either be adjacent to it or be located separately in the yard.

The terrace can be completely open or have a roof mounted on pillars. In addition, the terrace is not heated, so, in fact, it is just a summer area.

Types of terraces

Terraces vary according to the following characteristics:

By location,

According to the form,

By levels,

According to the presence/absence of a roof,

By the presence/absence of fencing.

Location.

Terraces, as already mentioned, can be adjacent to the house or stand separately. It is best to arrange a site in a quiet, picturesque corner of the yard so that no one disturbs your relaxation.

Many people choose the south side of the house or plot for the terrace, as it is sunnier and warmer, but it all depends on your preferences.

The terrace can be located separately or adjacent to the house. The photo shows a terrace attached to the house.

There is also the option of a terrace that wraps around the house or pool.

Levels

Uneven soil can be a serious problem during construction, but can also provide an excellent foundation for a multi-level deck. However, even on a flat area you can arrange a terrace with several levels: this will expand the space and make the area more interesting.A multi-level terrace allows you to visually divide the space

A single-level terrace is the simplest option; it does not require much effort, but looks beautiful and elegant, in no way inferior to a multi-level one.

Terrace lighting

At the stage of project preparation and taking into account all the customer’s wishes, the main types of lighting are thought through. The combination of different light sources to perform specific functions plays an important role:

Decorative;
Security;
Local or marking (illumination of specific areas: paths, gates, stairs and steps);
General lighting.

Sources: mediasvet.com, allfacades.com, moydomik.net, diz-cafe.com, www.it-nv.ru, maja-dacha.ru