Geranium (translated from Greek as “crane”) is a common abbreviated name for pelargonium, a perennial flower resembling noble roses. This is a very popular indoor plant, the number of which in the home collections of amateur gardeners is fabulously large compared to other types of flowers. It gained its wide popularity back in the 19th century in the European country of England, where noble women walked with its fragrant bouquet in their hands. This is all thanks to the incredibly dazzling flowering and enchantingly fragrant smell of the flower, emanating from its brightly colorful inflorescences containing essential oils that invigorate and have a positive effect on all household members; and also – easy care. By the way, it must include timely propagation of geraniums by cuttings, because if this is not done every few years, it will grow very ugly, stretch out and practically cease to please with flowers.
This method is very easy and effective to use and, in my opinion, will be much easier than sowing new geranium seeds, the wait for the result of which will take much longer. How to cut geraniums is discussed below.
- 1 General rules for cuttings
- 2 Preparation of cuttings
- 3 Landing
- 4 Rooting
- 4.1 Video “Propagation of geraniums by cuttings”
General rules for cuttings
So, let's start a gardening lesson at home with the goal of propagating the desired geranium.
I carry out vegetative renewal of pelargonium once every 2-3 years by cutting geraniums. I take a cutting of this flower during the period when winter is almost over (the last ten days of February) or from the first month of spring to the beginning of autumn. But it is possible later - from August to October. This is the most optimal and favorable time for cuttings, promoting intensive growth, development and flowering of your favorite houseplant.
Planting geraniums in March will produce flowers in mid-summer. After all, it is in the spring that the sap actively moves, which affects the early appearance of the fruits of labor. But later cultivation will take a couple of times longer, so the geranium will be able to bloom only next year.
I pay attention to the length of the cuttings of this flower: for mini plants it is 2.5 cm, and for regular plants it is 5 cm. I stock up on plastic or paper cups for future work, which I make myself from bottles, and I buy ready-made ones. In order for the propagation of geraniums to occur truly correctly and flawlessly, I pour one third of the sand into the soil.
I remember that geranium rooting is much more effective when I water the soil with a strong potassium permanganate liquid or an alternative - boiling water. This manipulation destroys all unnecessary bacteria and organisms that can harm the flower.
To propagate the flower in question, you should act differently than with other representatives of garden flora. I don’t cover the geranium with anything, so as not to damage the cuttings. I water infrequently and not abundantly.
Preparation of cuttings
To start cutting geraniums, I take a sharpened tool - a knife, and disinfect it with medical alcohol. Then I carefully cut off a cutting (shoot from the top) 5-7 cm long, on which there are 3 living leaves, at an angle of 90 degrees relative to the stem. Compliance with such rules is necessary for the successful adoption and strengthening of the cutting in the ground, as well as the reliable durability of the flower on the stem. In no case do I leave flower shoots and buds, because they can interfere with the quality of root development.
I place each geranium cutting I receive for a couple of hours where the sun’s rays will not fall on them. I'm waiting for them to dry out and wilt. This will also become noticeable in the newly formed film on the flower. When I see that it’s time, I sprinkle them with Kornevin, and if I don’t have that on hand, then with coal dust.
Taking the cups prepared in advance, I make holes in their bottom so that the water can drain and the earth can breathe. I fill them with damp (as indicated above - poured boiling water or potassium permanganate) universal soil with a mixture of vermiculite and sand.
To plant flowers, I stick a cutting a couple of centimeters into a cup that is not hot, freed from unnecessary leaves at the bottom. I put it away first in a place where it is dark. And after 3-4 days, when the plants are probably slightly withered, I put them in a window, but so that the sun does not shine on them. I keep the air temperature at 15 degrees Celsius. By watering through a tray, I provide moisture, remembering the simple rule that water should not fall on the leaves of the flower.
I do not cover the cuttings. Only in the case of limp or yellowed leaves do I place the plant under the cover of a jar so that it comes to life in a few days in such a homemade greenhouse environment.
Rooting
To find out after the past few weeks whether the geranium has taken root, I peer into a transparent plastic glass, through the thin walls of which the newly formed roots should be clearly visible. Another simple and understandable way even for dummies to find out whether a previously planted plant has been able to take root is the rapid formation of young green leaves on it.
Depending on what type of geranium I am propagating, I take into account the different duration of root strengthening. For example, royal geraniums should be expected for up to four weeks, ivy-leaved and zonal geraniums - for two, but fragrant geraniums - for the longest time: as much as six.
I'm waiting for the geraniums to start blooming. It directly depends on the variety of a given flower. For example, “zonals” will reveal their luxurious nature in about 2-3 months. The fragrant type of pelargonium is an unpredictable phenomenon, since such plants are overly whimsical in outdoor conditions. Angels and queens are slower flower ladies that will be able to reveal their beauty about a year after planting.
Thus, following accessible and understandable step-by-step instructions, feel free to take cuttings, plant and grow the most beautiful flowers growing in your usual home conditions: on window sills, balconies and so on. Don't be afraid of anything! Go for it! Surprise! Experiment with the types of these wonderful flowers! The heavenly pleasure of admiring the resulting colorful decorations for your room will exceed all possible expectations! Believe me, my experience in growing geraniums!
Video “Propagation of geraniums by cuttings”
This video shows the process of cutting pelargonium: from cutting cuttings to the development of a new plant.
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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
MUNICIPAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
SECONDARY SCHOOL No. 13
Forgotten geranium
(research and creative work)
Maltseva Elena Vladimirovna,
Ozhegova Oksana Konstantinovna
students of grade 2 “b” of municipal educational institution secondary school No. 13
Scientific supervisor:
Tarabaeva Svetlana Borisovna,
Primary school teacher
Municipal educational institution secondary school No. 13, highest qualification -
Kopeysky urban district
2012
Content
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….……3
ChapterI. Theoretical part of the study…………………………………….4
1.1 Studying the literature about the indoor plant geranium …………………...4
Types of geranium………………………………………………………………..….4
Geranium scents……………………………………………………….……….6
1.2. Chemical composition of the geranium plant………………….…………………7
1.3. Geranium in human life, its magical and energetic effects......7
1.4. Uses of geranium:
For food purposes………………………………………………………8
For medical purposes…………………………………………………………….……8
In cosmetics………………………………………………………………..9
In landscaping……………………………………………………….…..10
ChapterII. Practical part of the study…………………………………..11
2. 1. Growing geraniums by seeds and cuttings……………….………….11
2.2. Compilation of the medical book “Doctor Ear, Nose and Throat”…………………..13
2.3. Compilation of a collection of culinary recipes “1000 and one spice of Scheherazade”…………………………………………………………………….14
2. 4. Making an aroma pillow with geranium………………………………...14
2. 5. Making a herbarium “Types of geraniums” …………………………………14
2.6. Familiarization of classmates with the results of the work………………...15
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………….15
References……………………………………………………………..16
Applications
Introduction
I don’t know a more unpretentious flower
Than the modest geranium on village windows.
She is simple, slightly flirtatious,
Without pride. There are so many advantages...
My favorite flower at home!
Russian Alevtina
It all started last spring, with a discarded flower found on a walk. He lay half-withered on the sidewalk. The flower looked very pitiful and defenseless. We asked the teacher what kind of plant it was and why it was thrown away. The teacher told us that this is a geranium flower. Apparently by spring it had outgrown it, stretched out, began to look unpresentable and was thrown away. But he can be brought back to life. We were very interested in this. Having picked up a flower, we came to class and decided to revive it. We carefully cut off all the side shoots and set them to take root in water, as our mothers and grandmothers always did. When we were doing this work, we remembered lines from the well-known fairy tale “The Cat’s House,” which said that the goat ate the owner’s favorite geranium. Why did the goat eat the geranium? We were interested to find out.
Object of study – geranium.
Subject of research – growing geraniums using cuttings and seeds.
Purpose of the work – study the valuable qualities of geranium, learn how to propagate geranium in different ways.
Tasks:
Study the literature and find out what kind of plant geranium is and its use in human life.
Get acquainted with plant propagation by cuttings and seeds.
Compile collections of recipes “Doctor Ear, Nose and Throat”,
Make a herbarium “Types of geraniums”.
Make an aroma pillow.
Make an analysis of the work done.
Research hypothesis:
Research methods:
Study of theoretical sources;
Observation and comparison;
Experiment;
Analysis and synthesis
Chapter I . Theoretical part of the study
Studying literature about the indoor plant geranium
Pelargonium - as geranium or crane grass is popularly called because of the fruit's resemblance to a crane's beak - is the most common indoor plant. In addition to a riot of greenery, bright colors and a refreshing smell, it has positive energy and creates warmth and comfort in the home.
Types of geraniums
Pelargoniums are divided into groups:
1. ZONAL PELARGONIA (GERANIUM)
Pelargonium zonalis is the most common, numerous and beloved species - it has thousands of varieties. The varieties of this group are very hardy and profusely flowering. The plant is an erect, densely leafy bush, the leaves are slightly wavy, with a red-brown rim around the circumference, pubescent with small hairs, and have a peculiar smell.
2. IVY PELARGONIA (GERANIUM)
Pelargonium ivy or thyroid is an ampelous herbaceous plant that forms hanging brittle shoots up to 80 cm - 1 meter long with small dark green shiny star-shaped leaves reminiscent of ivy and beautiful racemose inflorescences with simple, double or semi-double flowers on long peduncles. It blooms profusely from May to autumn and grows luxuriantly. Good for balconies and loggias.
3. ROYAL PELARGONIA (GERANIUM)
Royal pelargonium or English grandiflora has many varieties, a variety of flower shapes and colors. There are varieties with variegated leaves, flowers up to six centimeters in diameter. The upper two petals of the flower are usually larger and darker than the others, velvety. The leaves are serrated along the edges, reminiscent of maple. The stems in the lower part are woody. Different varieties can have simple or double flowers, color from white to dark burgundy, with or without spots, the edge of the petal can be corrugated. A peculiarity of this type of pelargonium is the presence of a dark spot or dark stripes along the veins on the lower petals.
4. fragrant pelargoniums (geraniums)
Fragrant pelargonium has pinnately cut leaves into 5–7 parts, which is why they appear terry; the leaves are also called cut or dissected. The leaves contain fragrant essential oil, so even with a light touch they emit a strong odor. Currently, there are fragrant pelargoniums with the scent of lemon, mint, rose, orange, nutmeg and coconut, apple, lilac, pine needles, almonds, pepper, lemon balm, ginger, strawberries, camphor, pineapple. The flowers are small, most often pinkish or purple. Fragrant pelargoniums are used to obtain geranium oil, used in the cosmetic, perfume, medical and food industries.
5. ANGELS
This type of pelargonium has flowers similar to pansies, they are also called violas, the plants bloom all summer with luxurious hanging caps of flowers. Pelargonium Angels were obtained by crossing the royal pelargonium with the species curly pelargonium P.crispum. They form compact bushes, plant height no more than 30 cm.
6. PELARGONIA (GERANIUM) "UNIQUES" (UNIQUEPELARGONIUMS)
The group of pelargoniums "Unicums" has been known for more than a century and a half), this is a hybrid of royal and brilliant pelargoniums, the leaves are strongly dissected, have a spicy smell, the flowers are similar to the flowers of royal pelargonium.
7. SUCCULENT PELARGONIA (GERANIUM)
Among succulent pelargoniums there are forms with and without spines. They have repeatedly branching, decoratively curved stems that become woody at the base, in which moisture accumulates. During the dry season, plants shed their leaves. (Appendix No. 1)
Geranium scents
Geranium is a perennial shrub up to 1 m high with fleecy rounded leaves and small pink flowers. All plants have a strong odor. Geranium (or pelargonium) has the scent of rose, mint, peach, cinnamon, lime or lemon.
Pelargonium oil is widely used in aromatherapy. It has a calming and mood-improving effect on the psyche. It can even cope with depression.
1.2. Chemical composition of the geranium plant
Studying the literature, we learned thatYeran is rich in tannins (up to 16% in flowers, and from 19 to 38% in roots based on dry weight). The aerial part of the plant contains essential oil, carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose, fructose and others), saponins, alkaloids, vitamins C and K, carotene, flavonoids, anthocyanins and leukoanthocyanins. In addition, the rhizomes contain a coloring substance, a large amount of calcium and an as yet unstudied substance, geranin.
1.3. Geranium in human life, its magical and energetic effects
Pelargonium, which most people call geranium, is a truly amazing houseplant. Magicians advise planting geranium near the house, as well as at the gate or gate, in which case the plant will protect the house and its inhabitants from misfortunes and sadness.
Bright red geranium radiates vitality and energy, heals, and protects from evil forces.
Pink favors love and protects against evil forces.
White geranium promotes the birth of children.
Geranium helps cope with stress and depression, fears, cruelty, low self-esteem, abuse, discontent, and heartache. Helps with fatigue and tension, neuralgia and stress-related conditions.
1.4. Uses of geranium:
- for food purposes
Fragrant pelargoniums, the most famous addition to cakes and jellies, adding flavor and piquancy, actually have many culinary uses, not limited to dessert dishes.
Pelargoniums most commonly used in food are varieties and cultivars of plants with rose, lemon and mint scents.
Rose, lemon and mint flavored leaves can be added to iced tea, butter and ice cream.
Fragrant pelargoniums with the scent of rose and lemon are added in layers to flour or sugar to give them a subtle and delicate aroma, which accordingly gives a special aroma to baked goods.
You can make candied leaves (using egg white and sugar) and use them to decorate pies and other desserts.
Other culinary options include fruit punch, herbal vinegars, salads, biscuits, breads, cream cheeses and rice dishes.
The leaves and flowers of fragrant pelargonium make wonderful decorations for dishes and drinks.
Lemon and mint scented pelargonium leaves can be frozen in ice cubes and added to drinks, ice cream or fruit salad, served frozen geranium balls made by freezing pelargonium leaves in water in a round shape, or frozen leaves between two halves of a ball.
Finely crushed leaves can be added to many types of baked goods, including scones, shortbread, shortbread, cheesecakes, baked puddings, quiches, pies, fruit pies with a thick top crust and for decorating the top of fruit pie
- for medical purposes
Geranium is useful for people suffering from neurasthenia, insomnia, hypertension, heart disease and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. It has a particularly beneficial effect on the energy of patients with chronic gastritis with high acidity. Improves the condition of those who have a diseased liver or gall bladder (it is not without reason that some people are said to be “bilious”, that is, irritable, unfriendly). So, geranium neutralizes this irritability, leveling a person’s biofield disturbed by illness, making him calmer, “smoother.”
Preparations from geranium are used in the form of gargles in the treatment of diseases of the throat and oral cavity, help increase blood clotting during nosebleeds, have an astringent effect, and are used to treat stomach and intestinal bleeding. Geranium decoction can be used to treat diarrhea. In ancient times, medicines from pelargonium were used to treat cancer and heal bones during fractures.
The volatile substances of geranium essential oil have bactericidal properties, reduce blood pressure, clean and aromatize indoor air well, and repel insects. Fresh pelargonium leaves applied to skin wounds relieve pain and speed up their healing because have analgesic and antiseptic effects.
Geranium improves the functioning of the heart muscle, normalizes the heart rhythm and speeds up the passage of blood. Placing a geranium leaf on your wrist can help stabilize your blood pressure.
Using the beneficial properties of geranium flowers, you can regulate the functioning of the liver and kidneys. For diseases of the gallbladder and kidneys, it is recommended to keep this plant in the house; it has a beneficial effect on the nervous system, improves a person’s physical condition, and has a calming effect. Scientists conducted an experiment and found that these flowers are able to absorb dampness, fumes and toxic air.
Geranium is used to relieve inflammation and pain, for radiculitis, osteochondrosis, otitis media in the form of a compress at night from mashed leaves.
- application in cosmetics
Suitable for any skin type, but especially mature and oily. Tones and rejuvenates, has a whitening effect
Oily skin - good for eliminating rashes, inflammation and acne. Normalizes sebum production.
Sensitive skin - suitable for sensitive, damaged skin. Helps with skin problems of a neuroendocrine nature (eczema, neurodermatitis).
Dry skin - softens and moisturizes dry skin. Gives a healthy complexion to dull and tired skin.
Mature skin - softens and restores elasticity in aging skin, smoothes out wrinkles. Promotes regenerative processes in skin cells, making it smooth and youthful. It also quickly regenerates the skin after burns and frostbite, increasing the growth of skin cells.
- for landscaping
Today, geranium in our country is becoming out of fashion; it is even called the flower of the “poor”. Our grandmothers, and especially our mothers, have already forgotten about its most valuable qualities as a healer, a talisman, and as a decoration for windows and gardens. But in other countries of the world geranium is very popular.
So in America there is a society of geranium lovers, which consists of thousands of people.
In many countries around the world, new varieties are being bred and nurseries are being created for cultivation. In southern countries, entire plantations of geranium are planted, not only for beauty, but also for the production of geranium oil, which is widely used in the perfume industry and medicine.
In Europe, it is very fashionable to plant geraniums near houses. It is used to decorate balconies and alpine slides. Geraniums look wonderful in flowerpots, containers, hanging baskets and window boxes.
The Royal Horticultural Society of Great Britain has repeatedly awarded the geranium flower a medal of the first and second degree."For gardening services" " In the USA, geranium won the competition""Perennial of the Year 2008 . And the International Herbal Association recognized fragrant geranium “Grass of the Year 2006"
Chapter II . Practical part of the study
2.1. Growing geraniums by seeds and cuttings
In order to test the hypothesis, we conducted an experiment on the propagation of geraniums
Spring 2011. After standing in water for two weeks, three of the seven shoots gave roots, and four died. This made us a little sad. But still, three processes were alive. We planted them in pots with soil and began to look after them. They watered, loosened the soil, fed. By the end of May our geranium looked simply beautiful. While leaving for the summer holidays, we decided to plant our flowers from pots into flower beds. And all summer our geranium delighted people with its colorful blooms.
in autumn We again decided to carry out Operation Rescue of our geranium. Over the summer, our geranium grew a lot, and, having cut off all the young shoots, we decided to root them again. And also carry out experimental work to determine the effectiveness of rooting cuttings. To do this, we carefully cut stem cuttings with 3-4 leaves with sharp scissors. Then we removed the 2 bottom leaves on them and placed them in glasses with water, so that the bottom node was in the water.
Experiment 1 . We took clear and dark glasses. Having placed the cuttings in them, we placed them in a warm and bright place.
In the second case, we took two glasses again. We poured settled water into one, and into another glass of water we added a natural regulator, root former Zircon, and placed them in a warm, bright place.
In both cases, we wanted to check under what conditions the cuttings would take root faster.
Subsequently, every 3-4 days we changed the water, refilling the glasses with settled tap water and fresh nutrient solution. We monitored the cuttings regularly and entered the results into a table. (Appendix No. 2)
Conclusion: unfortunately, not all cuttings gave roots. Some of them have rotted. But still, the cuttings took root faster in good lighting, room temperature and in a dark glass, and even faster with the use of the Zircon root former.
Experiment 2. In addition, we still had a lot of cuttings left. When studying the literature, in the magazine “House in the Garden No. 6 2010” we learned that geranium can be rooted in another way. To do this, we took flower pots, filled them with a nutrient mixture (expanded clay, vermiculite, peat, soil), then watered them with a weak Zircon nutrient solution. We treated the finished geranium cuttings with activated carbon powder and planted them in pots. We placed the pots on the windowsill and shaded the windows from direct sunlight. The plants were then watered with clean water and their development was observed. For the first three days, the cuttings stood with withered leaves; on the fourth day, the cuttings looked “vigorous.” After two weeks, we noticed that all the cuttings began to grow. This made us very happy, and two months later our geranium bloomed. Thus, we became acquainted with a new way of growing indoor plants. It turns out that this method is the best way to propagate geraniums.
Experiment 3. We bought seeds of new varieties of geranium, ampelous and zonal pelargonium. We decided to add to our collection, in which we have 4 varieties of zonal and 1 variety of fragrant ivy-leaved geranium, and to master another method of growing geranium by seeds. To do this, we prepared pots with a nutrient mixture and spilled them with a weak solution of manganese (for disinfection). We soaked the seeds in a nutrient solution and then planted them. Some of the seeds were planted in pot number 1, placed on the windowsill in direct sunlight, and pot number 2 with the planted seeds was covered with plastic wrap (creating a greenhouse effect) and also placed on the windowsill. We wanted to observe under what conditions geranium shoots would appear earlier.
In pot number 2, seedlings appeared on the fifth day, and in pot number 1 - on the twelfth day.
Conclusion: thus, we were convinced that the greenhouse effect that we created for geranium seedlings justified its trust.
2.2. Compilation of the medical book “Doctor Ear, Nose and Throat”
While studying the literature about geranium, we learned about the miraculous medicinal abilities of this flower. It turned out that there are many recipes for treatment with geranium. We decided to place these recipes in a separate collection, which we called “Doctor Ear, Nose and Throat”, as people have called geranium since ancient times, because it effectively eliminates pain and inflammation of the ear, sinuses, tonsils and pharynx.
We decided to give this treatment book to all the grandmothers of our class so that they would not waste money on expensive medicines at the pharmacy, but would treat us with improvised geranium remedies.(Appendix No. 3)
2.3. Compilation of a collection of culinary recipes “1000 and one spice of Scheherazade”
Today in the East, geranium is a popular seasoning and spice for many dishes.
We decided to collect the recipes and put them in the collection “1000 and One Nights of Scheherazade”. We tried one of the recipes. We baked cookies with fragrant geranium leaves. It turned out to be very tasty. We will give the collection to our mothers on March 8th. (Appendix No. 4)
2.4. Making an aroma pad with geranium
Scented geraniums are widely used in the manufacture of aromatic pillows for sleeping.
Such pillows with different compositions of herbs and plants are commercially available, but it is not difficult to make them yourself. We studied special literature on manufacturing and sewed a pillow. Then they filled it with a collection of herbs with the addition of fragrant geranium leaves.
To scent the air in the bedroom, our pillow can be placed on the radiator. And also put it at the head of the bed for a sound sleep, as the aroma of geranium and herbs has a relaxing and calming effect on the human body.
2.5. Making a herbarium “Types of geraniums”
While working on this topic, we collected several geranium plants and decided to make a “Types of Geranium” herbarium. To do this, we dried the leaves and flowers of each plant. We recognized A.A. from the plant identification guide. Pleshakov, as well as from Internet sources ()names of the species of our geraniums and placed the plants in the herbarium. (Appendix 5)
2.6. Familiarization of classmates with the results of the work
During the environmental lesson, while studying the topic “Indoor plants and caring for them,” we presented the results of our research work to our classmates. We told the children about the variety of types and aromas of geranium, about the use of this plant in the food industry, medicine and cosmetics. We presented the results of experiments on propagating geraniums using different methods. We treated the children to tea and cookies with fragrant geranium leaves. Everyone really enjoyed this treat. They also showed their classmates an aroma pillow and a herbarium.
Conclusion.
Our work is called “Forgotten Geranium”, because in recent years the flower of our grandmothers has become out of fashion. Today, many people prefer unfamiliar flowers for their bright, catchy appearance and do not even think about their origin, about the energy these plants bring into the house. And they forget about the amulet flower, the healer. In our opinion, this is not fair. Carrying out this research work, we learned a lot of new and interesting things about geranium, shared our findings with classmates, and told our parents about the work. Everyone was interested in the methods of propagation of geranium, its diversity of species, its unique wide application in cosmetology, folk medicine, and the food industry. Now everyone wants to have geranium at home - as a talisman, a healer, a guardian of the hearth. And we will continue our work, we will breed and grow new varieties of geranium.
Our work is relevant because it addresses the problem of maintaining health. Alternative home remedies are being considered instead of expensive pharmaceutical ones. The work offers original recipes for treatment, use in cosmetology and cooking. As a result of the work, valuable information was obtained on the propagation, cultivation and use of geranium.
Our hypothesis was confirmed - we found and tested a new method for rooting geranium cuttings, which, in our opinion, turned out to be the best, since it does not require any special expenses and all the geranium cuttings that we rooted then began to grow.
References:
Goncharova E.Yu. Kravchenko E.P. Encyclopedia of indoor floriculture // Book World.-2006
Experiments from the book “200 Experiments” by Janice Van Cleve - M., 1995
Indoor plants from A to Z // AST Astrel Polygraph. - 2006
Bolshakova M.D. Models for introducing younger schoolchildren to indoor plants. Primary school, 1996 N3, p. 34.
Borovsakaya L.A. City and plants. Primary school, 1993 N11, p. 57.
Vinogradova N.F. Environmental education of junior schoolchildren, problems and prospects. Primary school, 1997 N4, p. 25
Verzilin N.M. Traveling with house plants. – L.: Children's literature, 1970.
Gilbert R. Houseplants. Practical guide. – M.: Dorling Kindersley, 1997.
Gortinsky G.B. Yakovlev T.P. Healing plants in the room. – M.: Higher School, 1993.
Theses
for a research paper on natural science “Forgotten Geranium” by a student of grade 2 “b” of Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 13 of the Kopeysk Urban District of the Chelyabinsk Region Elena Maltseva and Oksana Ozhegova (scientific supervisor primary school teacher of Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 13 Svetlana Borisovna Tarabaeva)
Justifying the relevance of the topic, I would like to say that our work is relevant because it touches on the problem of maintaining health. Alternative home remedies are being considered instead of expensive pharmaceutical ones. The work offers original recipes for treatment, use in cosmetology and cooking. As a result of the work, valuable information was obtained on the propagation, cultivation and use of geranium.
The purpose of my work -. study the valuable qualities of geranium, learn how to propagate geranium in different ways.
2. Research objectives :
1Study the literature and find out what kind of plant geranium is and its use in human life.
2 Get acquainted with the propagation of plants by cuttings and seeds.
3Compile collections of recipes “Doctor Ear, Nose and Throat”,
4Make a herbarium “Types of geraniums”.
5Make an aroma pillow.
6Make an analysis of the work done.
. Research hypothesis: If geranium cuttings placed in water for rooting do not all produce roots, some rot and die, then perhaps there is a better way to root the cuttings.
The name of the genus comes from the Greek word “pelargos” - stork, and is associated with the similarity of the fruit - a seed pod with the head and beak of a stork.
Pelargoniums are a large group of plants with a wide variety of colors and shapes of flowers and fragrant leaves.
Flowers can be white, pink, lilac, burgundy or lavender and fawn. Most varieties of pelargoniums have small, dainty flowers, although other types of pelargoniums have flowers that resemble tulips, carnations, cactus flowers or pansies.
Pelargonium leaves come in many shapes and sizes, they can resemble fern leaves, grape leaves or oak leaves, be deeply dissected or almost round. They can be small or large, covered with fine hairs or rough. In some varieties, the leaf edges may be wavy or corrugated. The leaves contain scent glands that release fragrance when the leaves are rubbed or touched. The foliage may be variegated, or may have dark spots in the center of the leaf or along the veins.
In my research on the topic: “Grafting of pelargonium,” I decided to find out whether grafting, as a method of vegetative propagation, can be used to form the crown of pelargonium.
Problem:
Can grafting be used to grow pelargonium on one stem which can produce a whole bouquet of pelargoniums with flowers of different colors and different leaves?
Purpose of the study:
To study one of the methods of vegetative propagation of pelargoniums - grafting.
Research objectives:
Study the grafting of pelargonium into splits.
Study the grafting of pelargonium into a lateral cut.
Familiarize yourself with the conditions for vaccination.
Relevance research work is due to the fact that pelargoniums are universal plants that cause a surge of keen interest from season to season and are ideal for growing anywhere.
Main part
Grafting is a method of vegetative propagation of pelargoniums. Grafting is one of the methods of vegetative propagation of pelargoniums, which has a specific purpose. Grafting a plant involves transplanting a piece of shoot of one plant (scion) to another (rootstock). The essence of grafting is the formation of a single specimen, the general properties of which will be more valuable than the properties of each individual plant. The grafting can be used for growing pelargonium on a trunk, forming a decorative crown of pelargonium, because this is how you can get pelargonium, on one stem of which a whole bouquet of pelargoniums with flowers of different colors and with different leaves can bloom.
Cuttings of zonal, ivy-leaved and fragrant pelargoniums are grafted well onto the stems of zonal pelargoniums. The scion and rootstock can have different growth patterns; for example, ivy-leaved pelargoniums create spectacular flower cascades on the stems of zonal pelargoniums.
Any strong pelargonium that is at least one year old can serve as the basis for grafting. The grafted pelargonium variety can be medium-sized or compact (miniature, dwarf), but not necessarily. The grafting should preferably be done in the spring, when pelargoniums grow at a faster rate.
Grafting pelargonium into a cleft
We washed our hands thoroughly and, using a sharp sterile blade or knife, trimmed the top of a vigorously growing zonal pelargonium with pink flowers, at the desired height.
We made a V-shaped cut in the stem of the rootstock - zonal pelargonium with pink flowers - (the stem was simply cut in the middle to a depth slightly greater than the cut of the cutting).
For grafting, we took a cutting of zonal pelargonium with white flowers (scion) 7-8 cm with two or three buds in the axils of the cut leaves.
The lower part of such a cutting was cut off on both sides in the form of a spatula or wedge in such a way that the lower bud was between the two cuts.
Preparing pelargonium for grafting
The cuts should not be very steep. In addition, the cut should be smooth and not ragged around the edges. Additional cleaning of sections, as well as touching the surface of sections with hands, is unacceptable. The grafted cutting is called a scion, and the plant to which the cutting is grafted is called a rootstock. A wedge of the cutting is inserted into the V-shaped notch on the rootstock so that both halves of the stem of the rootstock completely cover the side sections of the cutting - rootstock. The outer side of the scion should not extend beyond the rootstock. The secret of successful grafting is that the skin, and thereby all other parts of the stem - phloem, cambium and wood - coincide on at least one side - and only then will they grow together. The length of the oblique cut of the scion should be slightly less than the oblique cut of the rootstock. The length of the wedge and the cut part should be approximately 2 cm. Fold the scion and rootstock so that their cuts completely coincide. If both sections completely coincide, the cambium layers also coincide, which ensures good fusion. The scion bud should also be on the side of the matching sections of the scion and rootstock.
Tying the junction of the scion and rootstock of pelargonium
To tie the junction of the scion and the rootstock, a thick woolen thread was used, which was wound around the index finger of the right hand and carefully wrapped around the graft, while at the same time, with the left hand, the rootstock was pressed tightly, but not tightly, to the scion. The thread should cover the grafting site and slightly overlap the edges of the cuts above and below. You need to try not to tighten the grafting site so as not to block the access of nutrients and water to the grafting site and at the same time tie it not too loosely so that the scion does not fall off.
Tying the grafted pelargonium to a peg and protecting the grafting site with a plastic bag After tying the grafting site, the grafted plant was tied to a support - a round, but not ribbed peg. The garter was not made tightly, in the shape of a figure eight. The grafted plant was then covered with a transparent plastic bag, which was tied on the stem under the grafting site to avoid dehydration that would be dangerous for the graft.
A week later, the plastic bag was opened from the bottom to ensure contact with the environment; and after another 2-3 days the bag was removed altogether, and the woolen thread was removed after 4 weeks. During fusion, we constantly removed all the shoots that grew on the rootstock, because they could replace the removed top.
Indoor geranium is a very common home flower today, loved all over the world. With proper care, it can bloom almost all year round with large, bright inflorescences. Indoor geraniums are easy to care for and propagate.
Reference! There are countless types and varieties of geraniums, so you can create a beautiful and fragrant collection on your windowsill.
How to propagate?
Geraniums are often propagated by cuttings. This allows you to preserve all the varietal properties of the mother plant. The main condition here is maintaining a constant high temperature and access to daylight. If the daylight hours are not so long, we recommend using additional lighting, for example, phyto lamps.
In the case of cuttings, you can also take leaf cuttings. This way we can grow geranium, as people say, “from a leaf.” Let's look at this method in more detail next.
Propagation by cuttings in spring or autumn is logical and correct to combine with planned and necessary pruning of the plant. The first cuttings are collected during spring pruning of the top and side shoots, and the subsequent ones, when the overgrown bushes are being shaped by shortening too long shoots. If a homemade geranium bush is grown by cuttings, the roots will grow without problems.
You can find out more about propagating geraniums by cuttings, and you can find out more about how to easily root geraniums in.
Seeds
Propagating geraniums by seeds is not as popular as other methods. This method allows you to obtain a plant with completely new properties: the color of flowers and leaves. But it is considered more troublesome.
Attention! The soil must contain humus and sand, possibly peat, and be loose. It is better to start sowing seeds in early March. If you sow earlier, you will have to provide additional lighting with fluorescent lamps.
Before planting seeds, it is better to treat the soil with disinfectants as a preventive measure against disease. When planting, it is enough to sprinkle the seeds with a small amount of soil and create a greenhouse effect by covering them with film or special lids that come with the containers.
You can find out more about how to grow geranium from seeds at home and care for it afterwards, and you can learn more about what geranium seeds generally look like and how to collect them in.
Dividing the bush
It is convenient to propagate geranium by partial division of the bush during a planned transplant. After, for example, it has been dug up in the fall for transplanting from the garden indoors or when changing the pot to a larger one, it’s time to carefully separate the overgrown bushes into several separate parts.
Is it possible to grow from a leaf: features
As we already understood, geranium reproduces well by vegetative means. One of them may be leaf propagation.
Geranium can be propagated vegetatively throughout the year, however, it is best to do this in the spring., because The length of daylight hours increases, and the new plant will have time to give you more shoots. Let's look at the intricacies of growing from a leaf.
Pre-landing preparation in water
We carefully examine the bush and select a healthy leaf with a dense stem. Using a well-sharpened knife or scissors, cut it at an acute angle. Now let's place it in a container of water. Keep the leaf in water until the first roots appear.
Choosing a pot
You need to choose a small pot, since in a large pot the geranium will produce new shoots, but will not bloom. The material from which the pot is made does not matter. Pay attention to the presence of drainage holes at the bottom. They are required, since geranium, native to South Africa, does not like excess moisture.
Washed river sand, vermiculite and perlite should be added to the substrate. When choosing a universal soil, you need to make sure that there are no different types of insect mold. Also, such soil should not cake into a lump. The soil must contain peat, then your plant will develop and grow perfectly. The stores also offer specialized soils for geraniums.
Soil treatment
Before planting a leaf with roots in the ground, it is necessary to disinfect the soil in order to avoid plant diseases at a very early stage. The soil can be calcined in a frying pan, in a microwave oven or oven. But you can go the other way by spilling the soil in the pot with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.
Landing
Let's start the procedure by correctly filling the container with the contents. We put a layer of drainage on the bottom of the pot: it can be brick chips, small pieces of foam plastic or expanded clay. Next we put a layer of soil. The soil should be slightly moistened so that the young roots take root faster.
We make a small depression and place a leaf there. All actions must be extremely careful so as not to damage the young fragile roots. There is no need to cover it with jars and bags.
Home care and watering scheme
The first watering of a new plant should be done no earlier than 10 days after planting. Next, the usual watering regime for all geraniums is built: no more than once every 4-5 days. The first fertilization of a young plant from a leaf should be done no earlier than after 1 month.
Advice! They feed with special fertilizer for geraniums, and if it is not available, then with ordinary universal fertilizer. During the period when the plant blooms, choose liquid mineral fertilizers with a low nitrogen content.
Useful video
Let's watch a video about whether geranium can be propagated by leaves:
Conclusion
So, geranium using a leaf is common and effective. If you follow all the recommendations of experts on propagating geraniums by leaf, as well as some rules of care, you will definitely be able to grow strong and healthy plants in a fairly short time.
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Research project on the topic:"Secrets of Geranium"
Content
Page
Introduction
3-4
Main part
4-11
Conclusion
Introduction
During one of the lessons about the world around us, the topic of indoor plants aroused great interest among 2nd grade students.Indoor plants play a big role in the environmental and aesthetic education of children, but only if these plants are healthy, well-groomed, correctly selected and tastefully placed . They explained to the boys thatindoor plants can propagate in several ways - by seeds and cuttings. The question of propagating plants by seeds among schoolchildren “disappeared” in itself, since many of them repeatedly observed, and some took an active part in, how parents and relatives in the spring are engaged in sowing work and sowing seeds of various vegetable crops, flowers, etc. . But the propagation of plants by cuttings caused a heated discussion and, to some extent, even surprise among second-graders: “How can several plants appear from one plant?!” In connection with the questions that arose and the surprise of the guys, we decided to conduct an experiment and see in practice how the method of propagating indoor plants, cuttings, is used. Having previously studied information about the methods of propagating indoor plants available in the class, we agreed on the general opinion that we would conduct the experiment on the plant Pelargonium domestica (the everyday name of the flower is geranium).
Purpose Our research was an acquaintance with the houseplant - geranium, its useful methods and propagation by cuttings.
The following follow from this goal:tasks :
– obtaining information from various sources (encyclopedias, Internet resources, stories from adults aboutgeraniums) about methods of propagation and rules for caring for the plant;
– conducting an experiment: planting a geranium cutting in the ground, observing the growth of the cutting depending on the lighting conditions and temperature in the classroom, determining in what conditions the plant grows best;
– discussion of the experimental results, preparation of conclusions;
– preparing a research project and summarizing the results of the experiment.
Expected result : Getting a new houseplant.
Object of study: indoor plant –pelargonium domestica(geranium).
Subject of research: propagation of a plant by cuttings and growing it in various conditions.
Research methods: collectioninformation from various sources andher andanalysis, experimental, observation, description.
Time frame for the study: September 14, 2015 - October 18, 2015.
Practical significance works: The idea is that children, having learned to propagate indoor plants and properly care for them, can continue this experience with other plants at home and at school, thereby creating a favorable environment for children to interact with the natural environment. In addition, andUsing the knowledge gained about the beneficial properties of geranium, this plant can be widely used as a medicinal plant to improve health and purify indoor air from bacteria in order to prevent colds. Also, the grown flowers will be presented to relatives, which will contribute to a comfortable microclimate in families, and will also have a beneficial effect on health, since it is always useful to be in rooms where there are many healthy flowering plants.
Main part
The research work included several stages. The stages of project implementation are presented in Table 1.
Table 1
Project implementation stages
EventImplementation period
Preparatory stage
Studyinginformationfrom various sources:
Periodical literature (special newspapers and magazines about flowers“My favorite flowers”, “I love flowers”);
Encyclopedias;
Internet resources;
Stories from adults aboutgeraniums;
Etc.
14.09.2015-20.09.2015
Experimental stage
Planting geranium cuttings in the ground
21.09.2015
Monitoring the growth of cuttings depending on lighting conditions and temperature in the classroom
22.09.2015-11.10.2015
Final stage
Discussion of the experimental results.
12.10.2015-18.10.2015
Preparation and discussion of the project in class.
Preparatory stage
At the preparatory stage, the collection was carried outinformationabout methods of propagation and rules of plant carefrom various sources. The students did this with great interest, and their parents and the class teacher provided them with assistance in this area. Having collected and summarized all the information about geranium, we obtained the following results.
In its current “cultivated” form, this flower first appeared in Holland in the 16th century. And our wise ancestors considered geranium as a talisman, a symbol of comfort and warmth in the house. It's hard to imagine window sills in a Russian hut without geraniums .
The origin of the name of this plant has Greek roots. Translated it means “stork”. It can be assumed that this is due to some similarity of geranium fruits with a long-beaked bird. Interestingly, geranium has its own name in different countries. In Germany it is called “stork nose”, in England – “crane bird” (by the way, in Russia you can also find a similar name – “crane bird”), but in Bulgaria it is called “health resort”.
Geranium in the form to which we are accustomed was bred by the famous English gardener-breeder George Tradescant (the ornamental plant Tradescantia of the same name is named in his honor). Everyone was delighted with the geranium. The ladies of the court decorated their necklines and hats with flowers, and the men placed the leaves of the plant behind the cuffs of their sleeves. .
In folk medicine, geranium is one of the ancient popular plants; its leaves, flowers and roots were used for treatment. In ancient times, they knew that the plant contains gum, starch, sugar, pectin, gallic acid and tannins, and other useful chemical elements. In the old days, people very actively used geranium as a medicinal plant.
Geranium, or crane bird (Latin namePelargonium) belong to the Geranium family. In total, more than 400 are known, scattered throughout the world, as well as in the belt - on the mountains .
This plant is characterized by the following properties:
Stable, low-demanding plants.
Ttemperature:in summer 18–23°C, in winter 8–12°C;
ABOUTglow:bright light;
INhumidity:moderate .
We learned from the encyclopedia that pelargonium propagates by cuttings and seeds. Propagation by cuttings can be carried out throughout the year, except December, when there is very little sun. .
When propagating a plant by cuttings, the following rules must be observed:
1. To begin, select healthy shoots and make a clean cut below the third node. The nodes are very rich in growth hormones.
2. Remove the leaves from the third node. Also, if the upper leaves are too large, they should be reduced by 2/3.
3. Prepare the soil and water it well.
4. You can plant the cuttings in separate pots or plant them in one pot so that they do not touch each other. To prevent rotting, plant cuttings no deeper than 2-4 cm.
5. The first watering should be done after a week. Place the plants in a warm, well-lit area at a temperature of around 20°C. Once the plant is well established and has produced new leaves, you can move the pots to a cooler area with good lighting but out of direct sunlight.
Experimental stage
As a result of studying scientific information about pelargonium, we decided to propagate the plant using cuttings. I use theoretical tips for propagating geraniums; for the experiment, we took cuttings of an ordinary geranium that grew in the classroom, cut off branches from it and cut the cuttings slightly at an angle, about 10-15 centimeters in length with 4-5 leaves.We tore off the lower leaves from the cuttings and planted the cuttings in the soil mixture. Planting was done in plastic cups, at the bottom of which small slits were made in the center in advance so that water from irrigation would not accumulate in the cup; a little sand was poured onto the bottom. The process of preparing and planting plants is presented in Figures 1, 2, 3.
Figure 1. Prepared cuttings for planting.
Figure 2. Planting process.
Figure 3. Planting process.
After planting the plants, the stage beganmonitoring the growth of planted cuttings. We placed the planted plants on a table against the wall, lit from the south side (Figure 4).
Figure 4. Planted plants.
At the time of planting (late September), the heating season had not yet begun and the classroom was not heated. 3 weeks after planting, the cuttings began to take root. But the rooting of the cuttings was not 100%; 8 cuttings died from low room temperature and waterlogging. The remaining accepted cuttings were moved to the window, closer to daylight, and continued care. The heating season began in October and a week later our geranium grew noticeably. The results of the work are presented in Figures 5, 6.
Figure 5. Plant care.
Figure 6. Grown, stronger plants.
During the observation, the students noted that the geranium planted in bushes “got over the disease” faster and turned green. They summed up the information they read and heard in sources that “it turns out that geranium is not always whimsical.”
The students’ efforts turned out to be fruitless and our experience was useful to other people: seeing cups of planted geraniums in the class, the grandmother of student Anna Krasnova became interested in the seedlings, asked the children about the method of propagating the plant, they, in turn, happily shared with her the information they learned as a result our research, and also got excited about the idea of planting geraniums by cuttings. The fruits of the experience shared by the students are demonstrated in Figure 7.
Figure 7. Anna Krasnova and her grandmother propagated geraniums by cuttings.
We hope that in the future the fruits of our labor will delight us with their lush blossoms and purify the air in the classroom. It is planned to continue work in this direction: in the spring we will master the second method of propagating geraniums by seeds, and carry out a comparative analysis of which method is faster and more effective.
Conclusion
As a result of the research work carried out and a thorough discussion in class about the results of the work, we made the following conclusions:
Firstly, geranium (pelargonium) can be propagated in 2 ways by seeds and cuttings;
Secondly, cuttings take root better at room temperature and in good light.
In the course of these observations, the following secrets of successful cultivation of geraniums (pelargoniums) can be formulated:
Geraniums are easily propagated by cuttings;
Geraniums prefer bright, sunny places.
Heat-loving plants.
List of used literature
Goncharova E. Yu., Kravchenko E. P. Encyclopedia of indoor floriculture. – M.: World of Books. 2006. 231 p.
Houseplants from A to Z. AST Astrel Polygraph. 2006. – 143 p.
Rudnyanskaya E.I., Tcherezova L.B. Ecology lessons in elementary school. M.: Sphere shopping center. 2007. – 144 p.
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5 Website Flowers in your home [Electronic resource].URL: //http://flowers-grand.ru/catalog/show/populyarnye/pelargoniya-geran.htm.
Goncharova E. Yu., Kravchenko E. P. Encyclopedia of indoor floriculture. – M.: World of Books. 2006. P.45.