A reminder on the Russian language. Sunlight plays on the tops of the pines

Vowel sounds: Vowel letters: A, 0, U, Y, I, E. A, 0, U, Y, I, E, E, Yo, Yu, Ya Consonants Paired voiced sounds: b, c, d, d, g, z voiceless: p, f, k, t, sh, s unpaired voiced : l, m, n, r deaf: x, c, ch, sch Always hard: zh, sh, c Always soft: ch, sch, y b and b - sounds do not indicate E, Yo, Yu, I - Indicate softness consonant (HONEY, TREE) or 2 sounds, after a vowel and at the beginning of a word (MY, YAMA) Hard consonant Soft consonant

1. If after a consonant sound there are: A, O, U, Y, E CABBAGE, EXCAVATOR 2. If a consonant is at the end of a word: NOSE 3. If a consonant is after a consonant: TABLE 4. Always hard: Zh, Sh, Ts SHILO , SPOON, COMPASSES 1. If after a consonant sound there are: I, Ё, Yu, I, E FURNITURE, BALL 2. If after a consonant sound there is: b sign TREES, LEAVES 3. Always soft: CH, І, Ш CUP, PIKE , MAY

cases 1st declension m.r., w.r. (father, uncle, CASE ENDINGS OF NOUNS 3rd declension zh.r. ь (night, daughter, steppe) ь shadow, daughter 2nd declension m.r., s.r. -o, -e (horse, window, field) -o, -e person, lake -a, -ya aunt) -a, -ya mother, uncle Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Instrumental Prepositional -y, -and mothers, uncles -e mother, uncle -y , -th mother, uncle -oh, -her mother, uncle -e about mother, about uncle -a, -i person, lake -u, -th person, lake -a, -i, -o, -e person, lake - oh, - by a man, lake about a man, about - lake - and shadows, daughters - and shadows, daughters are shadows, daughters are shadows, daughters - and shadows, about daughters

Composition of the word 1. Ending The variable part that is at the end of the word snow snow snow 2. Base Part of the word without ending Machine a 3. Root General part of related words 4. Prefix Before the root 5. Suffix After the root Snow snowball will bloom bloom flower flower Prefixes Suffixes from is with with pre without demon about from from to under under under in vo you above on raza for ninknik nitsenkonik kik okek yokov(a) ev(a) skie shchik yshk ushk yushk istel ovat evat ochkt ti ch l sya(s) Prepositions CASES Nominative case Genitive case Dative case Accusative case Instrumental case Prepositional case Initial form INDIRECT CASES Auxiliary word is Case questions who? What? no I'll give you who? what? at, with, without, to, from, from, from under, near, near, for, near whom? what? k, who do I see? What? proud of whom? how? in, on, for, under, in front of, about, through, through with, for, above, under, in front of, between whom am I talking about? about what? about, about, on, in, at

SOFT and HARD SIGNS softening 1. Written at the end and in the middle of the word: elk, boy. 2. Written after and before consonants: uncle 3. Shows the softness of the consonant sound in front: big, album b separating 1. Written in the middle of a word: housing, leaves 2. Written after consonants and before vowels: i, e, e, yu, I dress, trees 3. Shows that the consonant sound does not merge with a vowel: blizzard, family, stakes b – a hard sign 1. Written after prefixes before the root: entrance, drove in 2. Written after consonants and before vowels: e, e, yu , I explain, rise 3. Shows that the consonant sound does not merge with the vowel: went, announcement ZHI - SHI SKI, TIRE CHA - SCHA DACHA, SORREL CHU - PIKE CAST IRON, PIKE REMEMBER THE RULES! WRITE WITHOUT A SOFT SIGN CHK, CHN, LF, NSCH, RSH DAUGHTER BOOKING BOOK CHICKEN DRUMMER WARGUER TRANSFORM THE WORDS BY SYLLABLES: TEACHER - NICK MA SHI ON RU - WHOSE VAN - ON THE RISE - DRIVING PAL TO LEI - KA AKA - TSIYA CANNOT BE TRANSFORMED WORDS: HORSE, BRIDGE, DONKEY, PIT

PARTS OF SPEECH VERB NAME EXISTS WHO? WHAT? b t s a c h i c h e r s o r p o v a n d A d e c t i v e l N o u r WHAT? WHICH? WHICH? WHICH? OBJECT SIGN no. f. WHAT TO DO? n. f. WHAT TO DO? WHAT WILL IT DO? WHAT DOES IT DO? ACTION definition predicate not h. derp subject, additional, circumstances. o r d J.R. cat M.R. puppy S. R. lake l s i h o singular plural e h. noe h. Zh.R. M.R. affectionate nimble S.R. round singular h. plural h. i measure in time no time no Zh.R. M.R. is sleeping barks S.R. is singular h. plural h. does?) present. time (what is playing, playing past tense (what did you do?) played, played future tense (what will he do?) (what will he do?) play will play, will be PRONOUN Singular Plural 1st person - I, WE 2nd person - YOU, YOU 3rd person - HE, THEY SHE, IT subject, addition ZH. AT THE ROOT: O, A, E, I, I If the vowel sound at the root suddenly aroused doubt, You immediately B C D G G H I I I I I I P F K T Sh S You are a doubtful consonant

Put emphasis on it. MOUNTAIN - MOUNTAINS, GRASS - GRASSES, ROWS - ROW Check the vowel quickly. FRUIT - FRUITS, TALE - TO SAY. SPELLING OF SUFFIXES EK IK: To find out which suffix to write, you need to change the word and check the vowel. If the vowel “runs away”, you must always write EK. LOCK EK – LOCK K A NUT EK – NUT K A LIST IK LEAF IK AND KEY IK – KEY IK AND UNPROUNDABLE CONSONANT: To check the unpronounceable consonants: v, d, l, t, you need to choose a word with the same root so that these consonants are clearly pronounced. JOYFUL - JOY, STAR - STAR, SUN - SUNNY. DECLINATION OF ADJECTIVES Feminine Plural. what number? AYA YA what? YE IE forest blue forest blue which? OH what kind? YYH THEIR forest blue forest blue which one? OH HER what? YM IM forest blue forest blue which one? What kind of Yuyu forest blue? OH HER forest blue about which one? OH HER what? What kind of forest blue ones are they? What kind of forest blue ones are they? YH IH about forest about blue about forest about blue about forest about blue Case Masculine Neuter gender I.p. Which? which? YY OH OH OH EE forest blue forest blue what? WOW HIS forest blue what? What forest blue? which one? which? YY OH OH OH OH OH forest blue forest blue what? MY forest blue about what? OM EM R.p. D.p. V.p. etc. P.p.

WORKING ON ERRORS 1. Word transfer (P.S.) - divide the word into syllables, emphasize the vowels. Write two more words. Do this: osi - na, ka - ran - yes - shi, coat then. 2. Soft sign (M.Z.) - write the word correctly. Underline the soft sign. Write two more words. Do this: walk, drive, pour. 3. Zhi - shi, cha - sha, chu schu (Zh.Sh.) - write the word correctly, underline the rule. Write two more words. Do this: kids, car, awl. 4. Unstressed vowel (B.G.) - write the word correctly. Put stress in the word, underline the unstressed vowel at the root. Choose a test word so that the stress falls on the vowel. Do this: wave - waves, went out - walks. 5.Vocabulary word (V.S.) – write the word correctly three times. Remember how to spell it. Underline the letter where the mistake was made. Do this: guys, guys, guys. 6. Paired voiced and voiceless consonants (PAR.S.) - write the word correctly. Underline the paired consonant in the root. Choose a test word so that there is a vowel after the consonant. Do this: frost - frost, berry - berries. 7. Separating soft sign (R.M.Z.) - write the word correctly. Underline the soft sign. Underline the letters that are separated by a soft sign. Write two more words for this rule. Do this: leaves, trees, blizzard. 8. Double consonants (D.S.) - write the word correctly. Underline the doubled consonant. Write two more words for this rule. Do this: group, alley, morning. 9.Unpronounceable consonants (N.S.) - write the word correctly. Underline the unpronounceable consonant. Select the root. Choose a test word so that the consonant is clearly heard. Do this: starry - star, asterisk.

10.Composition of the word (S.S.) - write the word correctly. Break it down by composition. Do this: seaside 11. Spelling of prefixes (P.P.) - write the word correctly. Select the prefix in it. Write. two more words with the same prefix. Do this: fly, run, pull. 12. Spelling of prepositions (P.PR.) - write down the word along with the preposition. Prove that the preposition and the word are written separately: substitute another word between the preposition and the word. Underline the preposition. Write two more words with the same preposition. Do this: to the (tall) tree, to the (little) girl, to the (cargo) plane. 13. Separating hard sign (T.Z.) - write the word correctly. Underline the hard sign. Select the prefix and underline the letter (E, E, Yu, Z) that is separated by a hard sign. Write two more words for this rule. Do this: on the way, on the way, announcement. 14. Soft sign after hissing ones (M.Z.Sh.) - write the word correctly. Determine the gender of the noun. Underline the sibilant at the end of the word. Determine whether there is a soft sign after the hissing one. Write two more words for this rule. and. r. and. r. and. r. m.r. m.r m.r Do this: night, help, daughter, ray, hut, comrade. 15. Unstressed case endings (P.O) - write the word correctly. Highlight the ending. Put the word in the initial form (I.p), determine the declension, case. Make up your own word. Do this: At the edge of the edge, I skl, P.p. In the clearing there is a clearing, I school, P.p. 16. Analysis of the proposal (RP) - write out the proposal. Underline the main parts of the sentence. Do this: Gray mists float to the clouds. 17. Homogeneous members of a sentence (O. Ch.) - write out the sentence. Underline the main and homogeneous parts of the sentence. Remember about punctuation marks for homogeneous members. Do this: Students read, solved, counted.

Main and minor members of the sentence. Part of the sentence e Subject ынвалг Predicate e Object ыннпеторотв Definition Questions What does it mean Examples of sentences who? What? Item It's raining. It will pass soon. what does it do? what did you do? what will he do? what will it do? To questions about indirect cases: whom? what? to whom? what? by whom? how? about whom? about what? Which? which? which? which? whose? whose? whose? whose? Effect of the item: Birds fly away. Pupils read and write. Subject: In the summer I lived with my grandmother. She baked raspberry pies. A path leads to the river. Sign, quality, property of an object. Young pines and spruce trees are turning green. A fox's tail flashed behind a bush. White hands love other people's work. Circumstance where? When? Where? where? Why? For what? How? how? Place, time, In the morning the children walked through the meadow. reason, method of action. The man sat motionless. The dog Zhuchka ran ahead. By intonation Types of sentences. According to the purpose of the statement According to the presence of the main members of the sentence. By the presence of secondary members. 1) Exclamation Mom has arrived! 1) Narrative We are walking. 1) Simple (one base) Thunder struck again. 1) Uncommon It started to rain. 2) Non-exclamatory Mom has arrived. 2) Interrogative Will you go on foot? 3) Incentive Walk! 2) Complex (several basics) Thunder struck again and a heavy downpour began. 2) Common In the evening, cold rain began to fall. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) , and, a, but Homogeneous members of the sentence. Swallows, ducks, and swans fly south in the fall. Birches, oaks and aspens grow in the forest. , and Pupils counted and solved in mathematics lessons. We did not pick mushrooms, but berries. Autumn has arrived, quiet but cloudy. Direct speech in a sentence. 1) Direct speech is enclosed in quotation marks “…..” and written with a capital letter. 2) Direct speech comes before the words of the author, then a dash is placed after the quotation marks. “It’s a watch,” my mother answered. “Let's go for a walk! "said the boy. “Where is Zhuchka?” asked Tyoma. 3) Direct speech comes after the words of the author, then a colon is placed before it.

The bear says: “Let’s cook some porridge.” Dad said: “The clock is ticking! “Katya asked: “Shall we go to the cinema?” PERSONAL PRONOUNS Number Singular Plural I you he, she, it (f.r.) (wed.r.) (m.r.) we you they Person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person

Declension of singular pronouns Question CASES who? What? whom? what? to whom? what? whom? What? by whom? how? Nominative case Genitive case Dative case Accusative case Instrumental case about whom? o Prepositional what? case 1st person 2nd person I me me me you you you you you me you FACE M.R. he him him his 3rd person Sr.R. it his him his him Zh.R. she her her her her about me about you about him about him about her Verb conjugation person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person Indefinite form I conjugation SINGULAR. M.N.H. U (YU) EAT EAT EAT ET UT (YUT) All verbs ending in EAT, ATE, OT, UT Exceptions: Shave, lay. II conjugation unit. Ch. M.H. U (YU) IM ISH IT AT (YAT) All verbs in IT Exceptions: 4 verbs in AT + 7 verbs in IS drive, hold, breathe and hear, offend, see and depend, and also endure, twist, hate and watch

Transcript

1 1. Language and speech. 2. Word and syllable. 3. Text. 4. Vocabulary. 5. Sounds and letters. 6. Offer. 7. Appeal. 8. Members of the sentence. 9. Collocation. Rules-memo for the Russian language. 4th grade. 10. Homogeneous members of the sentence. 11. Parts of speech. 12. Similar words. 13. Word composition. 14. Noun. 15. Adjective. 16. Pronoun. 17. Verb. 18. Spelling. 19. Analysis of a word as a part of speech. Morphological analysis. 20. Orthoepic dictionary. 21. Spelling dictionary.

2 1. Language and speech. Russian language state language our country, Russian Federation. Oral speech is speech that we hear or speak. The word “oral” was formed from the word “mouth”: lips were called lips in the old days. Written speech is speech that we read or write down. Speech to ourselves (inner speech) when we think, reflect, without saying thoughts out loud, when we read to ourselves. Dialogue and monologue. Dialogue is a conversation between two or more people. In the dialogue, the words of each person (replica) are written on a new line. Each line is preceded by a dash. Monologue is the speech of one person addressed to listeners or to himself. 2. Word and syllable. There are as many syllables in a word as there are vowel sounds: house 1 syllable, u-rock 2 syllables, ma-shi-na 3 syllables. Word wrapping. Words are transferred syllable by syllable, but one letter is not left on a line and is not transferred to another line. For example: the word lesson cannot be transferred. Emphasis. Stress is the emphasis on one of the syllables in a word. A syllable that is pronounced in a word with more vocal force than others is called stressed. The remaining syllables or syllable are unstressed. In Russian, the stress is free - it can be on any syllable of the word: vegetables, paper, shop; the movable can move from one syllable to another when a word changes, when new words are formed: mountain - mountains. The correct pronunciation of words and stress placement can be checked in a spelling dictionary.

3 3. Text. A text is a statement containing two or more sentences. The sentences in the text are united by a common theme and are connected in meaning. The text has its own theme and main idea. The text can be titled. The topic of a text is who or what the text is about. Main idea This is the main thing that the author wanted to tell the reader. In parts of the text, the beginning, as it were, prepares the reader for reading, the main part talks about the main thing that the author wanted to say, and the ending completes the text. Each part of the text is written on a red line. Types of texts narrative is told, something is reported description reasoning is described appearance of a person, an animal, a picture of nature, an event is explained, something is proven, the causes of phenomena, events are spoken of, what? Where? How? when did it happen? Which? which? which? which? Why?

4 4. Vocabulary. Word. A combination of letters is only called a word when it has a meaning. Vocabulary is the vocabulary of the language (all words of the Russian language). Lexical meaning is what a word means. unambiguous words have the same lexical meaning Birch deciduous tree with white bark and heart-shaped leaves. polysemous words have two or more lexical meanings Needle 1. sewing needle, 2. pine needle, 3. medical needle The direct meaning directly indicates the object, the sign of action is a golden ring, the fire is burning. The figurative meaning transfers the part direct meaning to another object, sign, action based on some similarity - golden hands, stars are burning. words-names of objects and phenomena signs of actions who? What? Which? whose? what to do? what to do? crow, man house, gray wall, big, fox An explanatory dictionary explains the meaning of words. fly, read, run words that are synonyms pronounced differently, but the same or similar in meaning antonyms words, opposite in meaning homonyms words that are pronounced and written the same, but have different lexical meanings obsolete words that have come out of the word of use new words words , phraseological units that have recently entered the Russian language are stable combinations of words in the figurative meaning tiny, small, miniature, small deep fine distant - close Onion garden plant. Bow is a weapon for throwing arrows. forehead, eye, mouth, finger, sail computer, joystick, skype hang up, drop in the ocean, at the top of your lungs, cut it on your nose

5 5. Sounds and letters. We pronounce and hear sounds, they are indicated in writing by letters. Sounds are written in square brackets. We see letters, write them, read them, name them. The alphabet is all the letters of the Russian language, arranged in a certain order. A (a) B (be) V (ve) G (ge) D (de) E (e) Yo (yo) Zh (zhe) Z (ze) I (i) J (and short) K (ka) L (el) M (em) N (en) O (o) P (pe) R (er) S (es) T (te) U (u) F (ef) X (ha) Ts (tse) Ch (che ) Sh (sha) Shch (sha) b (hard sign) Y (s) b (soft sign) E (e) Yu (yu) I (ya) Vowel sounds. Vowel sounds: [a], [i], [o], [s], [u], [e] Letters denoting vowel sounds: a, e, e, i, o, u, y, e, yu, I. The letters E, E, Yu, I designate one sound after the consonants: [E, O, U, A]. Two sounds: E [YE], E [YO], Yu [YU], I [YA] 1. at the beginning of a word, 2. after vowels, 3. after b and b. And denotes one sound after soft consonants, two sounds [YI] after b. The vowel sound consists only of the voice. When pronouncing a vowel sound, air passes through the mouth freely, without obstructions. Vowels can be stressed or unstressed. Consonant sounds. A consonant sound consists of noise or voice and noise. When pronouncing a consonant sound, a stream of air in the mouth encounters an obstacle (lips, teeth, tongue). Hard and soft consonants. consonants are always hard B V D G D Z K L M N P R S T F X ZH Sh Ts soft B V D D Z K L M N P R S T F X CH Y The softness of consonants is indicated by the letters I E E Y I b . The hardness of consonants is indicated by the letters A O U Y Y E. Hard consonants soften before soft ones: news [izv est iye]. Voiced and voiceless consonants. paired unpaired voiced consonants B C D D F Z; B C D D Z (replaced with voiceless ones at the end of a word and before voiceless consonants) L M N R; L M N R Y (always voiced) deaf P F K T Sh S; P F K T S (replaced by voiced consonants before voiced consonants, except V L M N R Y) X X C CH Shch (always voiceless)

6 The order of phonetic (sound-letter parsing). 1. Write the word, put emphasis, how many syllables, transcription. 2. We write the letter, sound in square brackets, vowel or consonant. 3. Vowel: stressed or unstressed. 4. Consonant: voiced or voiceless, paired or unpaired; hard or soft, paired or unpaired. 5. How many letters and how many sounds are there in a word? A sample of phonetic (sound-letter) analysis. frost 2 syllables, [maros] m [m] acc., sound. unpaired, hard double o [a] v., unstressed. p [p] acc., sound. unpar., hard. paired o [o] gl., stressed z [s] accord., deaf. double, hard paired 5 letters, 5 sounds trees 3 syllables, [d ir ev ya] d [d] acc., sound. steam, soft paired e [i] gl., unstressed p [r] accord., sound. unpaired, soft paired e [e] ch. percussion in [in] acc., sound. steam, soft paired [ya] [th] acc., sound. unpaired, soft unpaired [a] ch., unstressed 7 letters, 7 sounds

7 6. Proposal. A sentence is a word or several words that express a complete thought. The words in a sentence are related in meaning. Punctuation marks at the end of sentences. A period if something is reported in a sentence, the sentence is pronounced with a calm intonation. A question mark if the sentence contains a question. An exclamation point if the sentence is pronounced with strong feeling. Sentences are: 3. According to the number of grammatical bases. simple ones have one grammatical basis A strong wind rose. complex ones have two or more grammatical stems. A strong wind rose and the trees rustled. 4. By the presence of secondary members. common have secondary members. Schoolchildren sing their favorite songs. undistributed ones consist only of the main members. Schoolchildren sing. 1. According to the purpose of the statement, narrative statements report, narrate about something. I felt the coolness of the evening. interrogatives contain the question Which way will you go? motivating encourage action Be sure to read this book. 2. By intonation. exclamatory non-exclamatory express any feelings are pronounced with a calm intonation, without expressing any feelings How beautiful the forest is in autumn! Take care of nature! The tourists quickly set up their tents. 7. Appeal. An address is a word or a combination of words that names the person (person or object) to whom the speech is addressed. Punctuation marks. Appeals are separated by commas at the beginning and end of the sentence, and separated by commas in the middle of the sentence. What, Ivanushka, is he sad? (word) Why did you hang your head? Have mercy, fish lady. (phrase)

8 8. Members of the sentence. When words are combined into a sentence, each of them becomes one of the members of the sentence. Each member of the sentence has its own purpose. 9. Collocation A phrase consists of a main and a dependent word. The connection between words is established using questions. The question is posed from the main word to the dependent one. wheat (what kind?) thick main members of the sentence (grammatical basis of the sentence) it contains the main meaning of the sentence How to find phrases in a sentence. 1. Highlight the grammatical basis (find the subject and predicate). 2. Underline all minor members with a wavy line. the subject predicate denotes about whom or what is being said what is being said about the subject who? What? what to do? what to do? questions 3. See if you can ask a question to any of the minor members from the subject, then from the predicate, then from one minor member to the next. 4. These will be phrases. Example. Fluffy clouds floated in the blue sky. secondary members of the sentence explain the main and other members of the sentence of whom? what? to whom? what? by whom? how? about whom? about what? Which? whose? Where? Where? How? When? where? clouds (what?) fluffy floated (where?) in the sky in the sky (what?) blue. The subject and predicate are not a phrase, because both are the main members of the sentence. The plane is flying.

9 10. Homogeneous members of the sentence. Homogeneous are those members of a sentence that answer the same question and refer to the same word. Pronounced with the intonation of enumeration. members of the sentence homogeneous subjects homogeneous predicates homogeneous minor members questions who? What? what does it do? what did you do? what will it do? Which? how? How? (and other questions) Punctuation marks between homogeneous members. examples Rivers, banks and trees are flooded pink. O, O and O Tractors plow, loosen the soil. Oh, Oh Cold, heavy clouds rushed over the earth. Oh, Oh The guys drew with pencils and paints. O and O Reluctantly and timidly, the sun looks at the fields. O and O are placed with a comma if there are no conjunctions. Silver webs fell on the trees, on the bushes, on the grass. O, O, O before the conjunctions A, BUT Books do not speak, but they tell the truth. Oh, and Oh The moon shines, but does not warm. Oh, but O, a comma is not placed if there is a union And between Silver webs fell on two similar trees and bushes. O and O members 11. Parts of speech There are 10 parts of speech in the Russian language: noun, adjective, numeral, pronoun, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, particle, interjection. parts of speech and their meaning independent parts of speech part of speech what does it mean questions noun subject who? What? name adjective what is the sign of an object? whose? verb action subject what to do? what to do? pronoun (I, we, you, you, indicates an object, but does not name it who? what? he, she, it, they) name numeral number of objects or how many? adverb (unchangeable part of speech) preposition (with words written separately) particle their order when counting what? where is the sign of action? When? Where? where? How? For what? and other auxiliary parts of speech at, in, to, on, from, by, before, for, under, about, with, over, before, with, about, without, through, for, between, about, etc. not 12 . Cognate (related) words. Cognate words are words with the same root, which contains the common lexical meaning of all cognate words. garden planting garden - plant Forms of the word are the same word in different forms(case, number, gender, tense changes): garden garden garden garden.

10 13. Composition of the word. Root The root of a word is the main significant part of the word. The root contains the general lexical meaning of all cognate words. To find the root, you need to select words with the same root and highlight the common part in them. Submariner water, water, water. Run, run, run, run. Ending An ending is a changeable significant part of a word, which forms the form of a word and serves to connect words in phrases and sentences. To find the ending in a word, you need to change the form of the word: window window. endings expressed by the sound road, green, go out zero ending bear, table, pencil without endings (unchangeable words) cafe, highway, coat, coffee, fast road - roads, green green, go out - go out bear bears, table table, pencil - pencil - Prefix A prefix is ​​a significant part of a word that comes before the root and serves to form words. To find a prefix in a word, you need to select a word with the same root without a prefix or with a different prefix. inscribe write, write down save saves, save school school, schoolboy Prefixes: do-, on-, pro-, o-/about-, from-, under-, on-, over-, for-, pre-, re-, at-, pre-, you-, in-, u-, s-, etc. Suffix A suffix is ​​a significant part of a word that comes after the root and serves to form new words. To find a suffix, you need to select words with the same root without a suffix or with other suffixes. The part of the word that comes after the root before the ending will be the suffix. Grass grass, blade of grass, grass, herbal. Suffixes: -ist, -chik, -schik, -er, -nik, -tel, -ar, -ir, -ushk, -yushk, - onk, -enk, -ochk, -echk, -onok, -yonok, -at, -yat, -its, -ikh, -ik, -ok, -yshk, -k, -ink, -nits, -yonk, -onk, -sk, -n, -liv, -chiv, -ov , -ovat, -evat, etc. A stem is a part of a word without an ending. The basis is the lexical meaning of the word. To find the base, you need to separate the ending. Room base room Watering is the basis of watering.

11 The order of parsing a word according to its composition (morphemic parsing). 1.End. To find the ending in a word, you need to change the form of the word: window window. 2. Base. This is part of a word without ending. window 3. Root. To find the root, you need to select words with the same root and highlight the common part in them. Submariner water, water, water. Run, run, run, run. 4. Prefix. To find a prefix in a word, you need to select a word with the same root without a prefix or with a different prefix. inscribe write, write down save saves, save school school, schoolboy 5. Suffix. To find a suffix, you need to select words with the same root without a suffix or with other suffixes. The part of the word that comes after the root before the ending will be the suffix. Grass grass, blade of grass, grass, herbal.

12 14. Noun. A noun is a part of speech that answers the question who? or what? and denotes: specific objects: table, bread, living beings: children, bear, magpie, plants: lily of the valley, pine, natural phenomena: snow, blizzard, properties, qualities: courage, kindness, events: holiday, parade, geographical names: Moscow , Volga. Initial form noun: singular, nominative case: Motherland, earth, sky. hero. Animate and inanimate nouns. Animated who? whale, boy, bullfinch. Inanimate what? planet, school, field. Proper and common nouns. Proper names: first names, patronymics, last names, names of animals, geographical and astronomical names, names of films, books, theaters, performances, holidays. Written with a capital letter: the city of Tolyatti, the planet Venus, the story “Shark”, the motor ship “Pushkin”. Common nouns are written with a small letter: street, desk, crow. Number of nouns. in one number shore nest sail apple plural. including shores nests sails apples Gender of nouns. feminine (she is mine) spring, sister, daughter, notebook masculine(he is mine) horse, oak, friend, brother have only one form. numbers sugar highway youth cottage cheese neuter (it's mine) cloud, plant have only plural form. numbers chess sleds, cream, trousers, glasses, scissors, scales, backgammon nouns of general gender (gender depends on who is being spoken about) crybaby, slob, greedy, smart girl, bully, couch potato 1. Gender is not determined for nouns that have a form only plural numbers: sled, vacation, railing, ink. 2. Unchangeable inanimate beings. belong to the neuter gender: cafe, coat, popsicle, highway, metro, taxi. 3. Unchangeable animate beings. belong to the masculine gender: kangaroos, chimpanzees, hummingbirds, grizzlies, flamingos. 4. Shampoo, tulle, masculine coffee. Soft sign at the end of nouns. written at the end of nouns. feminine daughter, night, speech, silence is not written at the end of nouns. masculine swift, reed, comrade in gendered nouns. plural case numbers: from the shoulders, from behind the clouds, many tasks

13 Case of nouns. indirect cases case questions prepositions Nominative who? What? Genitive of whom? what? at, about, from, without, from, before, (not) for, around, with, after Dative to whom? what? by, to (give) Accusative of whom? What? through, about, on, for, under, about, in, (see) in Creative by whom? how? with, with, before, above, for, between (satisfied) Prepositional about whom? about what? at, about, about, on, in, in (I think) To determine the case, you need to: 1. find a word with which the noun is connected in meaning and pose a case question from it, 2. determine the case using the case question. A noun in the nominative case is the subject of a sentence. Animate masculine nouns in the genitive and accusative answer the same question: whom? To correctly determine the case, you need to replace this noun with animate feminine nouns or inanimate masculine nouns. R. p. (no) who? baby (girl, table) V. p. (see) who? baby, (girl, table) Declension. Declension is the change of nouns by case. declension 1st 2nd 3rd gender feminine masculine feminine masculine neuter ending -a, -i zero -o, -e zero (b) example book, uncle horse, table, key sea, sky, school mother, lie, quiet, youth Ways to check unstressed personal endings of nouns. Method 1 Method 2 1. determine the case 2. determine the declension 3. remember the ending (see table) letter (to whom?) to grandmother (grandmother D. p., grandmother 1st cl. write E) act (according to what?) according to conscience (according to conscience D. p., conscience 3rd class we write I) Case endings of nouns. replace the word with an unstressed ending with a word of the same declension with a stressed ending thought about the Motherland thought about the earth trees in frost trees in silver saw in an ice hole saw in the steppe 1st class. 2 cl. 3 cl. R. p. -I, -Y -I D. p. -E -I P. p -E -E -I

14 15. Adjective. An adjective is a part of speech that denotes a characteristic of an object and answers the questions: what? whose? In a sentence it is related in meaning to a noun. What is the initial form? - Im. p., units h., husband r. Spelling compound adjectives. Compound adjectives that denote color and shades of colors are written with a hyphen. dark red, pale pink Gender of adjectives. Changes by gender only in the singular. Always in the same gender as the noun with which the adjective is related in meaning. good name neuter gender The plural does not change according to gender. Changing adjectives by gender. masculine gender feminine gender neuter gender what? whose? which? whose? which? whose? endings -OH /-YH /- IY -AYA /- YA good (day) distant (path) forest (beast) The number of adjectives. good (news) distant (grove) The adjective changes according to numbers. -OE / -EE good (morning) distant (field) interesting (book) unit. h.; interesting (books) pl. h. The adjective has the same number as the noun with which it is associated. Question about plural adjectives. which? Declension of adjectives (change by case). I. p. R. p. D. p. V. p. T. p. P. p. masculine gender feminine neuter plural which? which? which? which? dear, dear, dear, dear, green, blue green, blue blue blue which? Which? which one? which ones? dear, dear, dear, dear, blue blue blue blue which? Which? which one? what? dear, dear, dear, dear, blue blue blue blue what? Which? which one? which? which? which ones? native (person), native, native, native (places), blue (color) blue blue native (people) what? Which? what? what? dear, dear, dear, dear, blue blue blue blue what? Which? which one? which ones? native, blue native, blue How to determine the case of an adjective. native, blue native, blue The adjective is in the same gender, number and case as the noun to which the adjective refers. Determine the case of the noun, the same case for the adjective. about the native house about the house (about what?) etc., about the native etc.

15 Case endings of adjectives. To check the unstressed case ending of an adjective, you need to: 1. select an adjective in the same case, but with a stressed ending in the cloudless sky in the blue sky; 2. check the ending using a question (except for masculine singular adjectives in the nominative case, what? -oh, -his tasty, blue what? -oh, - him tasty, blue what? -oh, -im tasty, blue about what? -oh delicious, blue what? blue which ones, -their tasty ones, blue ones? Full form: interesting, difficult, funny. Short form: (what?) - interesting (what?) - difficult (what?) - fun 16. Pronoun. A pronoun is a part of speech that points to objects but does not name them. Initial form: nominative case. Personal pronouns. number 1st person 2nd person 3rd person singular I you he, she, it plural we you they Declension of personal pronouns. Genus. personal pronouns I. p. I we you you he she it they R. p. me us you you his her his them D. p. me us you you him her him them V. p. me us you you his her his them Etc. me us you you them her them them P. p. about me about us about you about you about him By gender, only 3rd person singular pronouns change: he, she, it. about her about him about them Prepositions with personal pronouns are written separately: to us, from me, with them. After prepositions, the pronoun is written with the letter N: from them, with us. After the prepositions in spite of, thanks to, towards, the letter N is not written: in spite of him, thanks to her, towards them.

16 17. Verb. A verb is a part of speech that denotes the action of an object and answers the questions what to do? what to do? Infinitive. This is the initial form of the verb. Verbs in the indefinite form answer the questions what to do? what to do? The initial form does not indicate tense, number or gender of verbs. They end in t, -ti, -ch (suffixes). Verb suffixes: -e, -i, -a, -ya, -yva, -iva, -ova, -eva, -va, -nu, etc. Number of verbs. Verbs in the singular denote the action of one object and answer the questions what does it do? what will he do? what did you do? what will it do? Plural verbs denote the actions of two or more objects and answer the questions what are they doing? what will they do? what did you do? what will they do? Verb tenses. Present tense. They denote actions that occur in the present tense, at the moment of speech. They answer the questions what does it do? what are they doing? Past tense. Denote actions that have already occurred or occurred in the past tense. They answer the questions: what did you do? what did you do? what did you do? what did you do? Future tense. Indicate actions that will occur. They answer the questions what will it do? what will they do? what will it do? what will they do? Changing verbs by tense. indefinite form of the verb present tense past tense future tense what to do? what does it do? what did you do? what will it do? what to do? - what did you do? what will he do? Gender of verbs in the past tense. The singular past tense verbs change: the husband was shining. r., female luminary r., luminary medium. r. Plural past tense verbs do not change. Depends on the gender of the noun with which the verb is connected in meaning: the sun (what did it do?) shined in the neuter gender. Most verbs in the past tense have the suffix L. The suffix L forms the past tense form and is not included in the stem of the word. Spelling is NOT with verbs. The particle NOT with verbs is written separately. The particle NOT with a verb gives the statement a negative Number of verbs. Verbs in the singular denote the action of one object and answer the questions what does it do? what will he do? what did you do? what will it do? Plural verbs denote the actions of two or more objects and answer the questions what are they doing? what will they do? what did you do? what will they do? The endings EAT, -EAT, -ISH are written with a soft sign.

17 Soft sign in verbs. Verbs have 2 persons singular. Numbers in the endings EAT, EAT, EAT are written b. you go, read, put the face of the verbs. Present and future tense verbs have a face shape. 1st person: I write, we write 2nd person: you write, you write 3rd person: he writes, they write To determine the person, you need to substitute a personal pronoun for the verb: you read you read (you are the pronoun 2nd person singular, which means verb you read 2 persons). Verb conjugation. Conjugation is the change of verbs by persons and numbers in the form of the present and future tense. singular plural 1st person (I) am silent (we) are silent 2nd person (you) are silent (you) are silent 3rd person (he) is silent (they) are silent According to personal endings, verbs are divided into verbs 1 and 2 conjugations. How to determine conjugation. According to the indefinite form of the verb. except: shave, lay, for verbs with an unstressed personal ending 2 conjugation all verbs in - IT 7 verbs in EAT: endure, twirl, offend, depend, hate, see, watch (and derivatives from them: unscrew) 4 verbs in AT: breathe, hold, drive, hear (drive away, hear) 1 conjugation all other verbs with endings at, -et, -ot, -ut for example: fight, sow, sway, soar, be late, blush, fall asleep. For example, the verb glue ends in IT, this is a verb of 2 conjugations. Note: there is no ending OT in verbs, it is written ЁТ: guards, protects. Reflexive verbs. These are verbs with the suffix SY: laugh, rejoice. 1 conjugation in the endings E, - UT, -YUT 2 conjugation in the endings I, - AT, - YAT we fight, we fight, we fight, we fight, we see, we see, we see, we see, we see TSY and TSY. TEST if the verb answers the questions what to do? what to do? (there is a b in the question): hurry up (what to do?), apologize (what to do?). TSY if there is no soft sign in the question: laughs (what does he do?), apologizes (what does he do?)

18 18. Spelling. A spelling is a letter whose spelling needs to be checked or remembered. 1. Unstressed vowels at the root of the word. a) Verifiable. To check which letter represents an unstressed vowel sound, you need to change the word or choose a word with the same root so that the unstressed vowel sound becomes stressed. tree trees, green - greenery The word being checked is a word in which you need to check the spelling of the letter. A test word is a word in which the letter being tested is stressed. b) Unverifiable. Untestable unstressed vowels are those for which a test word cannot be found. The spelling of unchecked unstressed vowels must be memorized or checked in a dictionary. drawing, painting, dog The spelling dictionary indicates how to spell a word correctly. 2. Voiceless and voiced consonants at the root of the word and at the end of the word. To find a test word, you need to change the word or select a single-root word so that the paired consonant stands before the vowel or the sounds [l] [m] [n] [r] [v]. shore shore, carrot carrot 3. Unpronounceable consonants at the root of the word. When three or four consonants occur in a word at once, one of them may not be pronounced. To correctly denote an unpronounceable consonant with a letter, you need to choose a word with the same root in which this consonant is pronounced clearly. terrain place, late be late Remember: feeling, stairs 4. Double consonants. The spelling of words with double consonants must be checked in the dictionary. antenna, collection, appetite 5. Suffixes IR/-EK In the suffix IR, when the form of a word changes, the vowel letter is retained. kalachik kalachik, pencil - pencil In the suffix EK, when the form of the word changes, the vowel letter disappears. pebble pebble, pea pea 6. Suffix OK, - ONOK After the hissing words (zh, sh, h, sch) under the stress in the suffix OK the letter O is written: hook, pie, fluff, borscht, mouse. Without emphasis E: pebble, lamb, puppy. 7. O and E after sibilants and C at the endings of nouns In the instrumental case under the stress O, without stress E: doctor, task, chick, bird. 8. Prefixes and prepositions. A prefix is ​​a significant part of a word and is written together. ran, suburban, write A preposition is an independent part of speech, written separately with other words. You can insert another word or question between the preposition and the word. along the path along the forest path along what? Prepositions are not used with verbs. 9. Compound adjectives. Compound adjectives denoting color are written with a hyphen: bright red, dark green.

19 10. b and b signs soft separating sign after consonants in the root or after the root before the letters E, E, Yu, I softening shows the softness of the preceding consonant indicator of the form of feminine nouns in verbs 2nd person singular. numbers in the endings EAT, - EAT, - ISH are a solid separating sign after prefixes that end in a consonant before the letters E, E, Yu, I am a gun, a blizzard is life, an orange rye, a daughter, be quiet, go, read, put it up, ad 11. Letter combinations CHK, CHN, CHT, NShch, ShchN. In these letter combinations the soft sign is not written. girl, night, accurate, reading, powerful, racer. 12. The hissing consonants ZH, SH, CH, SHCH. ZHI and SHI write with the letter I. CHA and SHCHA write with the letter A. CHU and SHCHU write with the letter U. life, machine, thicket, miracle, pike 13. Capital letter. The names of cities, streets, rivers, lakes, seas, first names, patronymics, last names, animal names are written with a capital letter. Tolyatti city, Gorky street, Volga river, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, dog Zhuchka

20 19. The order of parsing a word as a part of speech. (Morphological analysis.) 1. Noun. 1. Name the noun in the form in which it is used in the sentence. 2. What does a noun mean and what question does it answer? 3. Name the initial form of the noun (nominative case, singular). 4. Determine the characteristics of a noun: animate or inanimate, proper or common noun, gender, case, number, role in a sentence. Sample written analysis. The master's work is afraid. Case noun. (What?). N. f. case. Inanimate, vernacular, cf. r., in I. p., in units. h., subject. Masters no. (whom?). N. f. master. Odush., narit., m.r., in R. p., in units. Part 2 member. 2. Adjective. 1. Name the adjective in the form in which it is used in the sentence. 2. What does the adjective mean and what question does it answer? Which noun does it refer to? 3. Name the initial form of the adjective (nominative case, masculine, singular - which one?) 4. Determine the characteristics of the adjective: gender (singular), number, case, role in the sentence. Sample written analysis. Coniferous trees stood in the silvery frost. Coniferous adj. (which?). N. f. coniferous. In plural h., in I. p.. Deut. member. Silver adj. (which one?). N. f. silver. In husband r., in units Part., in P. p. Deut. member. 3. Verb. 1. Name the verb in the form in which it is used in the sentence. What does the verb mean and what question does it answer? 2. Name the initial (indefinite) form of the verb (what to do? what to do?). 3. Determine the characteristics of a verb: conjugation, tense, person and number (for verbs in the present or future tense, gender (for verbs in the past tense, singular), role in a sentence. Sample of written analysis. The sensitive reed is dozing. Ch. is dozing . (what does?). N. doze. In present tense. Predicate 1. Part of speech, which indicates. . Person, number, case. 4. example of written analysis. The leader was with us (C) personal pronoun we, 1st person, plural. ., second member.

21 20. Spelling dictionary. address, addresses alphabet antenna [te] watermelon, watermelons dabble bows take, took, took to be, was, was to take, took, took, took the gate in front coat of arms, coats of arms give, gave, gave give, gives a jumper director, directors agreement, contracts rain [dosh] [dosht] document, documents leisure lark, larks waited, waited enviably ask, asked, asked, asked busy, busy, busy locked, locked, locked seal called, called to call, calling, calling engineer, engineers tools, tools spark, spark pockets catalog kilometer, kilometers glue, glue, glue combiner, combiner compass computer [e] of course [shn] crane, cranes beautiful, more beautiful easy [xk], easy [xk] shop, shops month, months museum [z] purposely [shn] to begin, began, began cloud, clouds to lighten, facilitate the parterre repeat, repeat, repeated call, call put, put, put assistant [shn] understood, understood, understood briefcase, briefcases bonus sheet, sheet shell belt centimeter, centimeters beets sweater [te] today [v] behind orphan, orphans birdhouse [sh] boring [sh] means, means glass, glasses statue carpenter, carpenters lowercase (letter) happiness [sch] counter [sch] cottage cheese and cottage cheese tennis [te] thermos [te] cake, cakes tractor, tractors, tractors tram shoe, shoes deepen plywood [n] foil endpaper, endpapers chaos, chaos pine needles owner, owners want, want, want cement gypsies what to [w] scarf, scarves closet, wardrobes highway [se] driver, drivers sorrel scrambled eggs [shn]

22 21. Spelling dictionary. A car agronomist address neat alley alphabet album appetite April B luggage shore birch conversation talk library librarian ticket wealth boots quickly In the carriage suddenly everywhere bicycle fun wind together station around sparrow crow eight Sunday east ahead Tuesday yesterday D newspaper carnation hero burn horizon city peas D twenty twelve girl on duty December village director road goodbye E still F wish iron yellow animal Z factory tomorrow breakfast dawn hare here hello strawberries And excuse me from afar engineer frost interesting K calendar vacation cabbage pan pencil picture potatoes pan apartment kilogram kilometer class collective collection commander combine harvester room computer skates ship cow Red Square Kremlin bed cosmonaut fire suit L camp stairs fox shovel better frog M shop raspberry boy car furniture bear slow month metal blizzard metro milk hammer carrot frost Moscow N back, left to right people November O lunch monkey cloud defense oats vegetables sheep vegetable garden cucumber clothes eleven once dandelion about October nut aspen father P coat passenger passenger landscape pencil case sand parsley pie handkerchief victory weather please tomato Monday portrait dishes then poet government holiday chairman beautiful friendly traveler travel wheat Friday goodbye P work worker rocket plant

23 distance guys drawing homeland daisy Russia Russian rowan C salute plane boots sugar sparkle from above sweater freedom north today now seeds September seeder lilac soon on the left bullfinch from below dog soldier straw magpie thank you on the right Wednesday glass capital Saturday T plate TV telecast phone now diesel locomotive notebook comrade ax tractor tram Dinner street harvest student student teacher teacher F surname February X farmer owner farm good H man Thursday four black feeling W sixteen walked highway driver S sorrel E excursion electricity electric locomotive power station I apple apple tree berry tongue January

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REMINDER FOR WORKING ON ERRORS

1. Vowels after sibilants ZHI - SHI, CHA - SHCHA, CHU - SHCHU. Write it out
word, underline the vowel after the sibilants, add 4 more words to this rule.

Do So: mung beanAnd on, skiAnd , lily of the valleyAnd , hedgehogAnd

2 . Unstressed vowels at the root of the word. Write down the word, select words with the same root, and underline the test word among them.

Do this: mO rya - mO rskoy, mO ryak,sea

3 . Unstressed vowels, unverified by stress. Write down the word
match it with the same root, emphasize the unstressed vowels,
come up with and write a sentence with this word.

Do this: ABOUT gherkin -O buckwheat -O gurchik.

We have collected a good harvest of cucumbers.

4 . Spelling of the prefix. Write down the word, highlight the prefix.
Form 4 words with this prefix. Remember the spelling of prefixes.

Do this: under went,under carried,under nyal,under fed.

5 . Voiced and voiceless consonants. Write out the word, underline it
dubious consonant, match it with the same root, underline
among them is verification.

Do this: dub ki, doob , d bastard , oak.

6 . Double consonants. Write the word down. Determine why the double consonant is written:

- at the junction of root and suffix:

autumn - autumnNN th

- at the junction of prefix and root:

rass hell, bydd hold onss kaz

- at the root:

subb ota, mass a, nepp He

Parse the word according to its composition, add 1-2 words using the same rule.

Do this: rass hellbb wait, ohtt epel, maNN oh, withNN oh,

lengthNN oh, class , vaNN ah, kass a

7 . Spelling unpronounceable consonants. Write the word down. Choose a few related words for it, highlight the root, underline the test.

Do this: starsd ny,star, star

8 . Spelling of prefixes.

REMEMBER! A prefix is ​​a part of a word. It is written with the word.

Write the word down. Select the prefix, form from this word words of the same root with different prefixes.

Do this: for was drivingat was drivingat was drivingfrom went

9 . Spelling a preposition.

REMEMBER! A preposition is a part of speech. It is written separately.

From the sentence in which there is a mistake, write down the word with a preposition. Put a question between the word and the preposition. Prove that this is an excuse.

Do this: Storm clouds are floating across the sky.

across_the sky (which one?)

across the dark sky.

Along the forest pathabout the hedgehog was running.
Don't mix a prefix with a preposition.
For example: Boatfrom swam from the shore.

10 . "b" is an indicator of the softness of consonants.

Write out the word, underline the soft sign “b” with the consonant. Write 4 words for this rule.

Do this: cono ki, neno ki, kono , leno , oseno

11 . Word transfer.

Write down the word, divide it into syllables, divide it for transfer.

Do this: u/che/nick, student,

kol/lek/qi/ya, collection,

12 . Composition of the word.

Write the word down. Find the ending in the word by changing the word.
Do this: tripA , tripAnd , tripOuch

The part of the word that changes is the ending. Choose words with the same root.

Do this: Byrides ki,rides OK,rides it,rides A.

The root is the common part of the word.

Select the root. There is a prefix before the root and a suffix after the root.

Parse the whole word according to its composition.

13 . Omission errorsletters, distortion of words, replacement of letters.
Write down the word, divide it correctly into syllables, determine the number of vowels and consonants.

Do this: so/ba/ka - 3 chapters, 3 pp.

14. The separating "b" is a soft sign, write at the root of the word after
consonant before the vowels i, e, e, i, yu.

Write down the word, underline the syllable with the separating “b”, highlight the root, add 4 words to this rule.

Do this: petitwhose , whethersya , view ha, foxtya , plathie .

15. The separator "Ъ" is a hard sign written after the prefixes on
consonant before the root vowels e, ё, ya, yu.

Do this: , entrance, shrank, ad, ate.

16. A soft sign at the end of nouns after sibilants.
Write the word correctly. Determine gender. Write 4 more words for this rule.

Do this: mouse f.r. daughterb , ovenb , broochb , hushb

beam m.r.borscht, key, cloak, crying

17. "Not" with verbs is written separately.

Write down the verb with the particle "not". Write 2 more words with this particle.
Do this: didn’t_come, didn’t_learn, didn’t_understand

18. The combination "CHK", "CHN" is written without a soft sign.
For example: before chk ah, but chk ah, plum chn oh, ovo schn Ouch.

Write the word down. Underline the combination and add 3 words to this rule.
Do this: Bychk a, cochk ah, butchn oh, sorochk A

19. Parsing a sentence by parts of speech.

Write out a proposal. Determine the parts of speech; to do this, pose a question for each word.

Who? What? - noun

Which? which? - adjective

what does it do? what did you do? - verb

in, on, for, with - preposition.

Do this: n. adj. noun Ch. adj. noun

Sweet strawberries have ripened in the depths of the forest.

20. Analysis of the proposal by members of the proposal.

Write out a proposal. Underline the subject and predicate. Write down the phrases. Remember that there are only 2 words in a phrase that depend on each other. The subject and predicate are not a phrase

Do this: Autumn day children walked in the city park.
Who? children are the subject

the children (what were they doing?) were walking - this is a predicate

walked (when?) during the day

walked (where?) in the park

on a (what?) autumn day

in the (what?) city park.

21. Sound analysis of a word.

Do this: u/che/nick - 3 words, Zg, 6b., 6 stars.

22. Remember the suffixes:

Enk- -ov-

small birch

white maple

N-sk-
long parent
autumn teacher's
spring
Write down the word, highlight the suffix. Write 2 words for this rule.
Do this: blackyenk oh, niceyenk yay, dearyenk th

23. Case endings of nouns.

Write out the noun, underline the ending, indicate the declension and case. Write down 4 nouns of the same declension, in the same case.

Do this: In the villagese - villageI 1 cl. P.p.

to the hute , to basketse

Check the spelling of unstressed endings of nouns using the table:

1 cl. 2 cl. 3 cl.

R. p. who? what? -s(s) -i

D. p. to whom? what? -e -i

Etc. by whom? how? -Ouch. -ey -om.-em -yu

P. p. about whom? about what? - e -e -i

24. Spelling unstressed endings of adjectives.
Put a question from a noun to an adjective, define
gender, case Write down 3 adjectives with nouns in the same gender and case.

Do this: sangWow apple

appleoka (HowWow ?) ripe - Wed, r., R.p.

goalgod lakes, beautifulWow wood, bluehis sky. Check the spelling of unstressed endings of adjectives using the following questions: which one? which? which one? about which one? which?

25. Spelling the endings of 2nd person singular verbs.
REMEMBER! In the endings of verbs of the 2nd person singular. written b

write eat, knocking look.

Write down the verb, determine the conjugation, person, number, add 3 verbs to the same rule.

Do this: cheatoh yeah - 1sp., 2l., unit.

riceeat, danceeat , ghouleat

26. Spelling unstressed endings of verbs.

REMEMBER ! Verb endings can be determined by

indefinite form. The second conjugation includes verbs in -it (except shave, lay). Verbs of exclusion:breathe, hold, drive, hear, watch, see, offend, hate, depend,endure, twirl. The remaining verbs are I conjugation.

The endings of verbs of the first conjugation are -eat, -et, -eat, -e,

II conjugation -ish, -it, -im, -ite,

Write down the verb, determine the conjugation, person, number, write 3 verbs using the same rule

Do this: strictlythem- build 2 spr, 2l, plural

holdingthem, draggingthem , coupethem

Rewrite the entire text.

Write the word five times, remember its spelling.

Homogeneous members of the sentence.

Write out a proposal. Find homogeneous members. Determine which members of the sentence they are. Emphasize them.

REMEMBER! Before the union A , But there is always a comma.

30. Capital letter in proper name.
Write the word correctly. Write 2 more words using this spelling.
Do this: AND Lya,P etrov, catM Urka, riverIN Olga,

cityTO irov.

REMEMBER! First names, patronymics and surnames of people, names of rivers, cities, seas, names of animals are written with a capital letter.

31 . The beginning of a sentence is written with a capital letter.
Write out the sentence, highlight the capital letter,

At the end, put the required sign. Write down 3 more sentences on the same topic.
Do this: In the wilderness of a forest there is a fox hole.

Do you love autumn? Autumn is beautiful!

The trees have put on their autumn attire.

32 . Designation of softness of consonants.

The softness of consonant sounds is indicated in writing by the letters ё, е, и, ю, я and the soft sign ch, sch, y - always soft consonants. Write the word down. Identify the letters that indicate the softness of the consonant. Underline the letters that represent still soft consonants. Add 4 more words to this rule.

Do this: sch AV el b,h Ath ka,l silt, liker b,m unitsV go.

33. Infinitive.

What to do? What to do?

-ty, -th, -whose

carry drive take care

get carried away chase keep safe
Write down the word, pose a question, highlight the ending, select 2-3 words based on the same rule.
Do this: What to do? Vezyou , crawlingyou , gresyou .

What to do? Uvlewhose , harnesswhose , stereowhose .

34. Punctuation at the end of a sentence (. ? ! ...)
Write the sentence correctly. Come up with it
yours or find a sentence in the textbook with this
sign it and write it down. Underline the sign.

35. Connecting vowels in compound words (o, e).
Write the word correctly. Select the roots. Underline the vowel. Write 4 more words using this spelling.

Do this: waterO cart, himselfO years.

36. Complex sentence.

Write it down correctly. Emphasize grammatical basics. Draw a diagram. Underline the comma.

Do this: Dozing fish underwater,

rests som gray-haired

[ = -],[=-]

37. SpellingO Ande at the endings of nouns after sibilants and c.

At the endings of nouns instrumental case after sibilants and ts it is written under stress O, and without accent .

ball O m, shower e m.

Write out the word, highlight the ending, if the ending is stressed, write the letter O, if – unstressed write - e. Add 4 more words to this rule.

Do this: drawingO m, trumpeterO m, starlingO m.

she-wolvese th, titse th, wheate y.

38. Spelling -tsya and -tsya in verbs.

what does it do? or what will he do? , then the verb is in the 3rd person and the soft sign is not written in front of it.

what's upno ? daretsya ; what did you dono ? dissolvetsya

If the verb answers the question what to do? what to do?, then this verb is in an indefinite form and a soft sign is written in front of it.

what's upt ? laughyes ; what did you dot ? Pleasedyes

In the indefinite form of the verb after the letter h a soft sign is always written.

stereowhose , cut.

Write down the word, pose a question, if the question has a soft sign, write it in the verb. If there is no soft sign in the question, then it is a 3rd person verb and there is no need to write a soft sign. Write down 4 more verbs using the same rule.

Do this: the goose is nibbling..sya - goose (what's upno ?) shchipletsya;

stop being pretty - stop (what’s upt ?) krasovathere are

39 . Spellings AndAnd afterc.

- Letter And after ts written in the roots of words and in words with tion.

quote, operational, discipline.

Letter s after ts is written:

in endings and suffixes:

martensyn , birdss

in the roots of words - exceptions:

gypsy, chicks, chick, chick, chick.

Write down the word, determine in which part of the word the vowel is located, remember the rule, if the root is not a word - an exception, then write the vowel And. If in a suffix or ending, write a vowel s. Write 4 more words using the same rule.

This book contains a variety of reminders for you that will help you complete any teacher’s task: write a warning or explanatory dictation, an essay on a painting or an essay in the genre of an interview, an exposition or review (review) of a book you have read.

PARONYMS.
(Scientific style)
Paronyms are words that are close, but not identical in sound, different in meaning, and sometimes mistakenly used in speech one instead of the other. For example: a fact is a real, non-fictional event, phenomenon and factor - a driving force, the cause of a process or phenomenon that determines its characteristic features.

Paronyms may have different pronunciations at the beginning of the word (forum and quorum), the middle of the word (contact and contract) or the end of the word (set and complex).

Among paronyms, as we see, nouns occupy a significant place. Paronyms expressed by other parts of speech are less common, for example: single (from the name of the numeral one) and ordinary - ordinary; grind - grind to the ground and stitch - sew with a through stitch.

Be careful not to confuse paronyms in your speech! (From the textbook “Modern Russian Language”).

CONTENT
FROM THE PUBLISHER
GUIDELINES
How to prepare for a dictation using a textbook
How to write a warning dictation
How to write an explanatory dictation
How to plan a text
How to prepare for your presentation
How to work on an essay
How to work on a draft presentation and essay
How to work on errors in presentation and composition
How to work on spelling errors
How to work on an essay based on a painting
How to work on an interview essay
How to write a review (review) of a book you read
Speech styles
Types of speech
Tropes and stylistic figures
Comprehensive text analysis
PLANS AND SAMPLES OF ALL TYPES OF ANALYSIS IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE LESSONS
Phonetic analysis
Word-formation analysis
Parsing a word by composition (morphemic parsing)
Morphological analysis
Noun
Adjective
Numeral
Pronoun
Verb
Communion
Participle
Adverb
Pretext
Union
Particle
Parsing
Collocation
Simple sentence
Complex sentence
Lexical analysis
Spelling analysis
Punctuation analysis
SPELLING GRAMS AND THEIR GRAPHIC NOTATION
POINTOGRAMS AND THEIR GRAPHIC DESIGNATION
APPLICATIONS
Appendix 1. Speak correctly!
Appendix 2. Write correctly!
Appendix 3. Glossary of synonyms
Appendix 4. Glossary of antonyms
Appendix 5. Brief information about the artists
LITERATURE.

Free download e-book in a convenient format, watch and read:
Download the book Memoirs on the Russian language, grades 5-9, Ushakova O.D., 2013 - fileskachat.com, fast and free download.

• Working with text in a Russian language lesson, Teacher's Manual, grades 5-11, Aleksandrova O.M., Dobrotina I.N., Gosteva Yu.N., Vasiliev I.P., Uskova I.V., 2019
• Methodological manual for teaching materials V.V. Babaytseva, Russian language, grades 5-9, Advanced study, Babaytseva V.V., Bednarskaya L.D., Politova I.N., 2014
• Russian language, 120 texts for school presentations, grades 5-11, Voilova K.A., Ledeneva V.V., Tikhonova V.V., Shapovalova T.E., 2000