Soviet aces. Essays on Soviet pilots. Kuznetsov, Mikhail Vasilyevich Kuznetsov twice hero of the Soviet Union



Kuznetsov Mikhail Vasilievich - commander of the 814th Fighter Aviation Regiment (207th Fighter Aviation Division, 3rd Mixed Aviation Corps. 17th Air Army, Southwestern Front), major;
commander of the 106th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (11th Guards Fighter Aviation Division, 2nd Guards Attack Aviation Corps, 2nd Air Army, 1st Ukrainian Front), guard lieutenant colonel.

Born on October 25 (November 7), 1913 in the village of Agarino, Kashira district, Tula province (now Serpukhov district, Moscow region). Russian. Since 1921 he lived in Moscow. In 1930 he graduated from the 7th grade of school. In 1930-1932 he worked as an electrician at a tannery. In 1932-1933 - at Komsomol work in the Kirovsky district of Moscow: deputy chairman of the regional bureau of young pioneers, secretary of the Komsomol committee of the S. Ordzhonikidze FZU and secretary of the Komsomol committee of the Moscow Machine Tool Plant named after S. Ordzhonikidze.

In the army since July 1933. In 1934 he graduated from the Yeisk Military School of Naval Pilots and Observer Pilots. He served in the Air Force as a pilot of light bomber and fighter squadrons, an adjutant of an air squadron and an assistant commander of an air squadron of a fighter regiment (in the Belarusian Military District).

Participant in the campaign of Soviet troops in Western Belarus in September 1939 as an adjutant of the air squadron of the 15th Fighter Aviation Regiment.

Participant in the Soviet-Finnish War: in February-March 1940 - assistant squadron commander of the 15th Fighter Aviation Regiment. He made several combat missions on the I-153 fighter.

He continued to serve in the Air Force as an assistant commander and commander of an air squadron of a fighter aviation regiment (in the Leningrad and Baltic special military districts). In April 1941 he graduated from the Lipetsk advanced training courses for air squadron commanders.

Member of the Great Patriotic War: in June-December 1941 - commander of an air squadron and navigator of the 15th Fighter Aviation Regiment. He fought on the Northwestern (June-July 1941) and Leningrad (August-December 1941) fronts. Participated in defensive battles in the Baltic states and the defense of Leningrad.

In March-May 1942 - deputy commander of the 1st reserve fighter aviation regiment (city of Arzamas, now Nizhny Novgorod region), in May-June 1942 - commander of the air squadron of the 14th reserve fighter aviation regiment (city of Rybinsk, Yaroslavl region).

In June 1942 - May 1945 - commander of the 814th (from August 1943 - 106th Guards) Fighter Aviation Regiment. Fought in Kalininsky (July-September 1942), Western (September-November 1942), South-Western (December 1942 - October 1943), 3rd (October 1943 - July 1944) and 1st (July 1944 - May 1945) Ukrainian fronts. Participated in the Voroshilovgrad operation, Battle of Kursk, Izyum-Barvenkovskaya, Zaporozhye, Dnepropetrovsk, Lviv-Sandomierz, Sandomierz-Silesian, Lower Silesian, Berlin and Prague operations.

For courage and heroism shown in battles with the Nazi invaders, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 8, 1943, to Guards Major Kuznetsov Mikhail Vasilievich awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

In total, during the war he made 344 combat missions on I-153, MiG-3, Hurricane, Yak-1, Yak-7B and Yak-9 fighters, in 73 air battles he personally shot down 21 and 6 enemy aircraft as part of a group.

For the courage and heroism shown in battles, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 27, 1945, the guard colonel was awarded the second Gold Star medal.

After the war, until March 1946, he served in the Air Force as deputy commander of the 11th Guards Fighter Aviation Division (in the Central Group of Forces, Austria).

In 1951 he graduated from the Air Force Academy (Monino). In 1951-1955 - head of the Chernigov Military Aviation School of Pilots, in 1955-1959 - head of the 10th Military Aviation School (from 1958 - 10th Military Aviation School) for initial training of pilots (city of Kremenchug, Poltava region, Ukraine).

In 1959-1961 - deputy commander of the 69th Air Army for logistics (Kiev Military District), in 1961-1969 - deputy commander of the 37th Air Army for logistics (Northern Group of Forces, Poland), in 1969-1974 - deputy commander of the Air Force Moscow Military District for the rear. Since February 1974, Aviation Major General M.V. Kuznetsov has been in reserve.

In 1974-1988 he worked as a senior engineer, sector head and leading engineer at the Scientific Experimental Center for Air Traffic Control Automation of the Ministry of Civil Aviation.

Major General of Aviation (1959). Awarded the Order of Lenin (09/08/1943), 4 Orders of the Red Banner (02/26/1942; 02/28/1943; 04/24/1945; 11/3/1953), Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky 2nd degree (09/23/1944), Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree (03/11/1985), Red Banner of Labor (02/22/1968), 2 Orders of the Red Star (12/3/1941; 06/20/1949), medal “For Military Merit” (11/3/1944), and other medals.

A bronze bust of M.V. Kuznetsov was installed in the city of Pushchino, Moscow Region, where a street is named after him.

Notes:
1) Awarded for performing 245 combat missions and participating in 53 air battles, in which he personally shot down 17 and as part of a group 6 enemy aircraft (as of August 1943);
2) According to the research of M.Yu. Bykov, there is documentary evidence of 19 personal and 8 group victories.

Military ranks:
Lieutenant (03/14/1936)
Senior Lieutenant (03/20/1938)
Captain (09/11/1940)
Major (12/25/1941)
Lieutenant Colonel (10/15/1943)
Colonel (06/04/1945)
Major General of Aviation (05/25/1959)

Biography provided

Kuznetsov Mikhail Vasilievich

Born on November 7, 1913 in the village of Agarino, now the Serpukhov district of the Moscow region, in a working-class family. Graduated from 7th grade in 1930. In the Red Army since 1933. He graduated from the Yeisk Naval Pilot School in 1934. Participant in the liberation campaign of Soviet troops in Western Belarus in 1939 and the Soviet-Finnish War of 1939-1940.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War at the front. By August 1943, the commander of the 814th Fighter Aviation Regiment (207th Fighter Aviation Division, 3rd Mixed Aviation Corps, 17th Air Army, Southwestern Front), Major M.V. Kuznetsov, completed 245 combat missions and 53 In air battles he personally shot down 17 enemy aircraft and 6 as part of a group. On September 8, 1943, for the courage and military valor shown in battles with enemies, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

By May 1945, the commander of the 106th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (11th Guards Fighter Aviation Division, 2nd Guards Attack Aviation Corps, 2nd Air Army, 1st Ukrainian Front) of the Guard, Lieutenant Colonel M.V. Kuznetsov, completed 345 successful combat missions, conducted 72 air battles, in which he personally shot down 22 enemy aircraft and 6 in a group with his comrades. On June 27, 1945, he was awarded the second Gold Star medal of the Hero.

After the war he continued to serve in the Air Force. In 1951 he graduated from the Air Force Academy. Since 1959, General - Major of Aviation. In 1974 he retired. Lived in the city of Berdyansk, Zaporozhye region. Awarded the Order of Lenin, the Red Banner (four times), Bogdan Khmelnitsky 2nd degree, Patriotic War 1st degree, Red Banner of Labor, Red Star (twice), medals. A bronze bust was installed in his homeland.

...There were legends about the fearlessness of M.V. Kuznetsov and the pilots of his squadron at the front. Indeed, already in the first months of the war, the commander himself personally shot down 7 enemy aircraft.

Mikhail Kuznetsov was born in the village of Agarino, not far from Serpukhov near Moscow, on November 7, 1913. From 1921 he lived with his parents in Moscow, and after graduating from second-level school he worked at a factory. In 1933, due to party mobilization, he was sent to the Yeisk School of Naval Pilots. Since 1934 he served in fighter aviation units. In September 1939, he took part in the occupation of Eastern Poland, and at the end of the year - in hostilities against Finland during the Winter War.


In 1942, Major M.V. Kuznetsov was appointed commander of the 814th IAP in the South - Western Front flying a Yak-1. He led the regiment through the crucible of battles in Ukraine, where he personally shot down 12 enemy aircraft. Under his command, on August 24, 1943, the regiment was awarded the Guards title and became known as the 106th GvIAP. Receiving the Guards banner, regiment commander M.V. Kuznetsov said then that the pilots in battle would justify the high rank of Guardsmen. The commander himself set an example of courage and bravery. In September 1943, after the liberation of Donbass, for 17 personally shot down Guard aircraft, Major M.V. Kuznetsov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Later, the regiment's pilots fought on the 3rd Ukrainian Front, flying Yak-9 aircraft. M. V. Kuznetsov, 1943 One day Kuznetsov flew out at the head of six “Yakovlevs” on a free hunt for the Seversky Donets. Against the backdrop of a crimson sunset, the pilots noticed a large group of German bombers that were flying under the cover of Messers. Kuznetsov immediately rushed to the attack, dragging his wingmen along with him. His goal was to shoot down the leader, decapitate the enemy covering group, and then deal with the bombers. The German fighters did not accept the fight and clung to the bombers. The "Yaks" immediately crashed into the enemy's already trembling formation. One after another, 3 bombers fell to the ground, engulfed in flames. Kuznetsov relentlessly pursued the car of the leader of the enemy group and shot it down with a well-aimed burst. Pilots N. Khimushin and G. Artemchenko destroyed one plane each in this battle.

Day and night, the aviators fought hot battles with the enemy, helping ground troops in the liberation of the cities of Donbass, as well as Kharkov, Dnepropetrovsk, and Krivoy Rog. Once M.V. Kuznetsov had to fly over the ancient Ukrainian city of Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky - the birthplace of the great son of the Ukrainian people, a wise statesman, outstanding commander Bogdan Khmelnitsky. Here, on January 8, 1654, the Pereyaslav Rada, convened by Khmelnitsky, expressed the unanimous will of the Ukrainian people to live as a friendly family with the fraternal Russian people and, together with Russia, to defeat foreign invaders through joint efforts. And now, in difficult times, all the peoples of our multinational Fatherland have come to the aid of the Ukrainian people. In the skies of Ukraine, M.V. Kuznetsov personally shot down 12 enemy aircraft and 4 in group battles. He was awarded the Order of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, 2nd degree.

On February 23, 1945, at the head of six fighters, Mikhail Kuznetsov entered into battle with 40 German aircraft. In this battle, the enemy lost 7 aircraft, our pilots had no losses. Mikhail Vasilyevich Kuznetsov took part in battles on the Leningrad and Kalinin fronts, defeated the enemy at Stalingrad, liberated Donbass, Ukraine, Poland, and Czechoslovakia. He made his last combat missions over Berlin, where on May 8, 1945 he shot down the 28th enemy aircraft. The regiment's pilots, students of Kuznetsov, destroyed 299 enemy aircraft in battle. In total, Guard Colonel M.V. Kuznetsov conducted 72 air battles in 345 combat missions, personally destroyed 22 enemy aircraft and 6 as part of a group. For the courage and bravery shown in battles with the Nazi invaders, for skillful leadership of combat operations and training of highly qualified fighter pilots in June 1945, he was awarded the second “Gold Star” of the Hero of the Soviet Union.

After the war, Mikhail Vasilyevich continued to serve in the Air Force, flying jet and supersonic aircraft. In 1951 he graduated from the Air Force Academy. For a long time he led one of the military pilot schools, passed it on to the new family Soviet aces your rich combat experience. He was demobilized in 1974 with the rank of Major General of Aviation. Recent years lived in the city of Berdyansk. In the city of Pushchino there is a bust of twice Hero of the Soviet Union, the legendary pilot of the Great Patriotic War M.V. Kuznetsov, moved there from the village of Agarino, where the hero was born. The bust always has fresh flowers. Schoolchildren from the Pushchino school, which is named after M.V. Kuznetsov, are caring for the bust of the Hero.


R Born on November 7, 1913 in the village of Agarino, now Serpukhov district, Moscow region, into a working-class family. Russian. Member of the CPSU since 1932. Since 1921 he lived in Moscow. After finishing 7th grade, he worked at a factory and was secretary of the Komsomol committee. In the Red Army since 1933. In 1934 he graduated from the Yeisk Naval Pilot School. Participant in the liberation campaign of Soviet troops in Western Belarus in 1939 and the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-1940. On the fronts of the Great Patriotic War since June 1941. To the commander of the 814th Fighter Aviation Regiment (207th Fighter Aviation Division, 3rd Mixed Aviation Corps, 17th Air Army, Southwestern Front) Major Kuznetsov M.V. Decree On September 8, 1943, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR awarded him the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Commander of the 106th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (11th Guards Fighter Aviation Division, 2nd Guards Attack Aviation Corps, 2nd Air Army, 1st Ukrainian Front) Guard, Lieutenant Colonel Kuznetsov M.V. By Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from On June 27, 1945 he was awarded the second Gold Star medal. In 1951 he graduated from the Air Force Academy. Until 1974, Major General M.V. Kuznetsov served in the Air Force. Lives in the city of Berdyansk, Zaporozhye region. Awarded the Order Lenin, four Orders of the Red Banner, Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky 2nd degree, Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree, Red Banner of Labor, two Orders of the Red Star, medals. A bronze bust of M. V. Kuznetsov was installed in his homeland.

IN The award sheet (it was signed by the commander of the 207th Fighter Aviation Division, Colonel A.P. Osadchiy on August 2, 1943) states that the commander of the 814th Fighter Aviation Regiment, Major M.V. Kuznetsov, personally completed 245 combat missions by July 27, 1943, conducted 53 air battles, shot down 17 personally and 6 enemy aircraft in group battles. Characteristic feature air battles carried out by the regiment commander - courage, skill and determination. He teaches his subordinates by personal example to defeat the enemy with little bloodshed.

On July 17, 1943, four Soviet fighters under the command of Major Kuznetsov provided air cover for the ground forces of the Southwestern Front. In the area of ​​the village of Velikaya Kamyshevakha they met two Nazi bomber groups, numbering up to 40 Yu-87 aircraft. With bold and decisive attacks, Kuznetsov's four scattered the formation of bombers, forcing the Nazis to drop their deadly cargo on the positions of their own ground troops. During the hot and fleeting battle, 10 fascist bombers, bursting into flames, went down like a stone, and the rest turned back in disarray. Personally, the regiment commander in this battle shot down one Yu-87 with a shot from the left in the tail from a distance of 40 meters, and hit another Yu-87 with a machine gun burst from behind in the tail from a distance of 50 meters. Both Nazi bombers fell burning in the Velikaya Kamyshevakha area.

For successful combat work and great damage inflicted on the enemy, M. V. Kuznetsov’s regiment was awarded the rank of guards. Later, the regiment's pilots heroically fought the Nazis in the skies of Ukraine and Poland. On June 27, 1945, Guard Lieutenant Colonel M.V. Kuznetsov was awarded the second “Gold Star” medal - for the fact that by April 25, 1945 he had flown 330 sorties, conducted 72 air battles, in which he personally shot down 21 enemy aircraft and 6 in group battles

Twice Hero of the Soviet Union M.V. Kuznetsov ended his military journey in Germany. In total, during the years of the last war, Mikhail Vasilyevich made 345 combat missions, personally shot down 22 enemy aircraft and 6 in groups with his subordinates.

LITERATURE:

Twice Heroes of the Soviet Union: Album. M., 1973. S. 116-117.

People of immortal feat: Essays on twice, three times and four times Heroes of the Soviet Union. Book 1. Ed. 4th revision and additional M. 1975. pp. 610-617.

E-Y-Y

Born on October 25 (November 7), 1913 in the village of Agarino (now Serpukhov district, Moscow region). Since 1921 he lived in Moscow. In 1929 he graduated from the 7th grade of school. From June 1930 to January 1932 he worked as an apprentice electrician at a tannery (named after Kaganovich). Since February 1932 - secretary of the Komsomol committee of the FZU and the Ordzhonikidze plant in the Kirov district of Moscow. Since July 1933 in the ranks of the Red Army. In December 1934 he graduated from the Yeisk Military Aviation School of Naval Pilots. Since January 1935, he served in the Air Force units of the Belarusian Military District: pilot and senior pilot of the 106th IAE (201st IABR), since 1937 - senior adjutant of the squadron in the 15th IAP (70th ABR).

Participated in the Soviet-Finnish War from February 25 to March 12, 1940 as deputy squadron commander of the 15th IAP (Special Aviation Brigade of the Group of Soviet Forces in Estonia). He flew the I-153 and had no aerial victories. From January to June 1941 he studied at the advanced training courses for squadron commanders (Lipetsk).

Since June 22, 1941, Captain M.V. Kuznetsov served on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War as squadron commander of the 15th IAP (8th SAD), and since December 1941, regiment navigator. Flew on the MiG-3. Until January 1942 he fought on the North-Western and Leningrad fronts. Since March 1942 - deputy commander of the 1st ZAP (Moscow Military District). Since June 1942, Major M.V. Kuznetsov has been the commander of the 814th IAP (on August 24, 1943, reorganized into the 106th Guards IAP). He flew Hurricane, Yak-1, Yak-7 and Yak-9. He fought on the Kalinin, Western, Southwestern, 3rd Ukrainian and 1st Ukrainian fronts.

By August 1943, the commander of the 814th Fighter Aviation Regiment (207th Fighter Aviation Division, 3rd Mixed Aviation Corps, 17th Air Army, Southwestern Front), Major M.V. Kuznetsov, completed 245 combat missions, in 53 in air battles he personally shot down 15 and 4 enemy aircraft as part of a group (the award list states 17 personal and 6 group victories). By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated September 8, 1943, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

By May 1945, the commander of the 106th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (11th Guards Fighter Aviation Division, 2nd Guards Assault Aviation Corps, 2nd Air Army, 1st Ukrainian Front) of the Guard, Colonel M.V. Kuznetsov, committed 330 combat sorties, conducted 72 air battles, in which he personally shot down 19 and 4 enemy aircraft as part of a group (the latest award list speaks of 21 personal and 6 group victories). By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated June 27, 1945, he was awarded the second Gold Star medal.

After the end of the war he continued to serve in the Air Force. Until March 1946 - deputy commander of the 11th Guards IAD (in the Central Group of Forces, Austria). In 1951 he graduated from the Air Force Academy (in Monino). In 1951-1955. - Head of the Chernigov Military Aviation School of Pilots, in 1955-1959 - Head of the 10th Military Aviation School (since 1958 - 10th Military Aviation School) for initial training of pilots (city of Kremenchug, Poltava region, Ukraine).

In 1959-1961 - Deputy Commander of the 69th Air Army for Logistics (Kiev Military District), in 1961-1969. - Deputy Commander of the 37th Air Army for Logistics (Northern Group of Forces, Poland), in 1969-1974. - Deputy Commander of the Air Force of the Moscow Military District for Logistics. Since February 1974, Aviation Major General M.V. Kuznetsov has been in reserve. In 1974-1988. worked as a senior engineer, sector head and leading engineer at the Scientific Experimental Center for Automation of Air Traffic Control of the Ministry of Civil Aviation. Lived in Moscow. He died on December 15, 1989, and was buried at Troekurovskoye Cemetery.

Awarded the orders of: Lenin (09/08/1943), Red Banner (02/26/1942, 02/28/1943, 04/24/1945, 11/03/1953), Bogdan Khmelnitsky 2nd degree (09/23/1944), Patriotic War 1st degree (11.03 .1985), Red Banner of Labor (02/22/1968), Red Star (12/03/1941, 06/20/1949); medals.


* * *

List of famous aerial victories of M. V. Kuznetsov:

D a t a Enemy Plane crash site or
air combat
Your own plane
20.08.1941 1 Yu-88southeast of VolosovoMiG-3
25.08.1941 2 Me-109Lisino
1 Me-109Spasskaya Polist airfield
07.09.1941 1 Me-110 (in gr. 1/5)Lesieux
10.10.1941 1 Me-109Tikhvin - Kirishi
14.10.1941 1 Yu-88Cape Osinovets
02.11.1941 1 Yu-88west of Shlisselburg
05.02.1943 1 Yu-88MayYak-1
1 Xe-111Pits
06.02.1943 1 Yu-87eastern outskirts of Konstantinovka
01.04.1943 1 FV-189Csepel
03.04.1943 1 Do-215Dmitrievka
1 Me-109Malaya Kamyshevakha
17.07.1943 2 Yu-87north of Velikaya Kamyshevakha
17.08.1943 1 FV-190south of Dubrovka
15.02.1945 1 FV-190WellersdorfYak-1, Yak-9.
22.02.1945 2 FV-190Guben - Grano

Total aircraft shot down - 19 + 4; combat sorties - 330; air battles - 72.

7.11.1913 - 15.12.1989

Kuznetsov Mikhail Vasilievich - commander of the 814th Fighter Aviation Regiment of the 207th Fighter Aviation Division of the 3rd Mixed air corps 17th Air Army of the Southwestern Front; commander of the 106th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment of the 11th Guards Fighter Aviation Division of the 2nd Guards Assault Aviation Corps of the 2nd Air Army of the 1st Ukrainian Front.

Born on November 7, 1913 in the village of Agarino (today Serpukhov district, Moscow region) in a working-class family. Russian. Member of the CPSU(b)/CPSU since 1932. In 1930 he graduated from 7 classes.

In the Red Army since 1933. In 1934 he graduated from the Yeisk Naval Pilot School. Participant in the liberation campaign of Soviet troops in Western Belarus in 1939 and the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-40. as assistant squadron commander.

Participant of the Great Patriotic War from June 1941. Fought on the Leningrad, Kalinin, Western, South-Western, 1st and 3rd Ukrainian fronts as a squadron commander, regiment navigator (1941-42), commander of fighter regiments (1942 -1945).

By August 1943, the commander of the 814th Fighter Aviation Regiment (207th Fighter Aviation Division, 3rd Mixed Air Corps, 17th Air Army, Southwestern Front), Major M.V. Kuznetsov. made 245 combat missions and in 53 air battles personally shot down 17 enemy aircraft and 6 in the group.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 8, 1943, for heroism and courage shown in air battles and skillful command of the regiment, Mikhail Vasilyevich Kuznetsov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (No. 1,714).

By May 1945, the commander of the 106th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (11th Guards Fighter Aviation Division, 2nd Guards Attack Air Corps, 2nd Air Army, 1st Ukrainian Front) Guard, Lieutenant Colonel M.V. Kuznetsov. made 330 combat missions, conducted 72 air battles, personally shot down 21 enemy aircraft and 6 in the group.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated June 27, 1945, Mikhail Vasilyevich Kuznetsov was awarded the second Gold Star medal (No. 82) for new military exploits.

In just a few years, the warriors M.V. Kuznetsov made 345 combat missions, fought 72 air battles, personally shot down 22 enemy aircraft and 6 in group battles.

After the war, the famous fighter pilot held a number of command positions in the USSR Air Force. In 1951 he graduated from the Air Force Academy. In 1959 he was awarded the military rank of "Major General of Aviation". Since 1974 Kuznetsov M.V. - in reserve, and then retired. Lived in the city of Berdyansk, Zaporozhye region of Ukraine. He died on December 15, 1989. He was buried in Moscow at the Troekurovsky cemetery.

Awarded the Order of Lenin, 4 Orders of the Red Banner, Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky 2nd degree, Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree, Red Banner of Labor, 2 Orders of the Red Star, medals.

Bronze bust of twice Hero of the Soviet Union M.V. Kuznetsov was installed in his homeland in the village of Agarino, but due to the disappearance of the latter he was transferred to the city of Pushchino, Moscow region - Biological Research Center Russian Academy Sci.