“Environmental pollution” - Physical (thermal, noise, electromagnetic, light, radioactive) Chemical (heavy metals, pesticides, plastics and other chemicals) Biological (biogenic, microbiological, genetic) Information (information noise, false information, anxiety factors ). Presentation on biology on the topic “Pollution environment» student of 8th “B” class Vitaly Vdovenko.
“Waste incineration” - Solid waste combustion chamber. Installation structure. By rapidly cooling the smoke, the re-synthesis of dioxins is prevented. Combustion product purification chamber. Water reservoir. Due to the high toxicity of solid waste combustion products, a number of problems arise. The installation uses afterburning of smoke. Large wooden and non-combustible components are removed from the loaded solid waste.
“Radioactive contamination” - Zoning. Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant. Explanatory note. Balakovo NPP. Radioactive emissions. Kursk NPP. Rostov NPP. Novovoronezh NPP. Kalinin NPP. Transboundary influence.
“Reducing energy intensity” - 7. Development of the regional section of the State Program. Rub. Documents defining the need to develop the State Program and regional programs. Number of subjects, pcs. The rate of reduction in the energy intensity of GRP of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Building an energy efficient economy in Russian Federation is based on two key documents.
“Global problems of the world” - Classification of global problems. Map "Nuclear Powers of the World". The most important global problems. Conventional signs: - cutting area tropical forests. Yasser Arafat is the leader of the Palestinian Authority. Concept of global problems. Nuclear winter. Mortality. Legend: ----------- - arc of instability; - hotbeds of conflict.
“Global environmental problems” - Tin smelting. No less scientifically complex environmental problem ozone layer. In the atmosphere, aerosol pollution is perceived as smoke, fog, haze or haze. Human impact on the environment has reached alarming proportions. Waste from synthetic fiber production. The problem of the greenhouse effect.
There are 12 presentations in total
Boyko Elena
This presentation is developed on the topic: "Environmental Pollution". Can be used in 10th grade technology lessons.
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ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Presentation was made by: 10th grade student Elena Boyko
Environmental pollution Pollution is the process of negative modification of the environment - air, water, soil - through its intoxication with substances that threaten the life of living organisms. Types of pollution Biological - pollutants are organisms not native to the ecosystem. The most famous example is the uncontrolled breeding of rabbits in Australia. - Microbiological Mechanical - pollution with chemically inert debris, trampling of paths and other mechanical effects on the environment. Space debris Chemical - pollutants are harmful chemical compounds. Aerosol pollution - aerosol pollutant (a system of small particles) Physical Thermal - excessive heating of the environment. Light - excessive lighting. Noise Electromagnetic - radio pollution; may interfere with both the vital functions of some organisms and radio reception. Radioactive - excess of natural radioactive background. Visual pollution - damage to natural landscapes by buildings, wires, garbage, aircraft plumes, etc.
Soil pollution Soil pollution is a type of anthropogenic soil degradation in which the content of chemicals in soils subject to anthropogenic impact exceeds the natural regional background level of their content in soils. The main criterion for environmental pollution by various substances is the manifestation of signs of the harmful effects of these substances in the environment on certain types of living organisms, since the stability individual species the latter to chemical exposure varies significantly. An environmental hazard is represented by the fact that in the natural environment around humans, compared to natural levels, the content of certain chemicals is exceeded due to their receipt from anthropogenic sources. This danger can occur not only for the most sensitive species of living organisms. Ecosystem pollution is one of the types of its degradation, soil pollution is one of the most dangerous types of soil degradation and the ecosystem as a whole. Pollutants (pollutants) are substances of anthropogenic origin that enter the environment in quantities exceeding their natural levels.
Pollution fresh water Fresh water pollution is the entry of various pollutants into the waters of rivers, lakes, and groundwater. Occurs when contaminants are introduced directly or indirectly into water without adequate treatment and removal measures. harmful substances. In most cases, freshwater pollution remains invisible because the pollutants are dissolved in the water. But there are exceptions: foaming detergents, as well as oil products floating on the surface and raw sewage. There are several natural pollutants. Aluminum compounds found in the ground enter the fresh water system as a result of chemical reactions. Floods wash out magnesium compounds from the soil of meadows, which cause enormous damage to fish stocks.
Pollution of the Earth's atmosphere Pollution of the Earth's atmosphere is the introduction of new uncharacteristic physical, chemical and biological substances into the atmospheric air or a change in their natural concentration. Based on the sources of pollution, two types of air pollution are distinguished: natural artificial According to the nature of the pollutant, air pollution is of three types: physical - mechanical (dust, particulate matter), radioactive (radioactive radiation and isotopes), electromagnetic ( various types electromagnetic waves, including radio waves), noise (various loud sounds and low-frequency vibrations) and thermal pollution (for example, emissions of warm air, etc.) chemical - pollution with gaseous substances and aerosols. Today, the main chemical pollutants of atmospheric air are: carbon monoxide (IV), nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, heavy metals, ammonia, atmospheric dust and radioactive isotopes, biological - mainly microbial pollution. For example, air pollution with vegetative forms and spores of bacteria and fungi, viruses, as well as their toxins and waste products.
Ocean Pollution The land and ocean are connected by rivers that flow into the seas and carry various pollutants. Chemicals that do not break down upon contact with soil, such as petroleum products, petroleum, fertilizers (especially nitrates and phosphates), insecticides and herbicides leaching into rivers and then into the ocean. As a result, the ocean turns into a place where this “cocktail” of nutrients and poisons. Oil and petroleum products are the main pollutants of the oceans, but the harm they cause significantly worsens waste water, household waste and air pollution. Plastics and oil washed up on beaches remain along the high tide mark, indicating that the seas are polluted and that much waste is not biodegradable. A study of the North Sea found that about 65% of the pollutants found there were carried by rivers. Another 25% of the pollutants came from the atmosphere (including 7,000 tons of lead from car exhaust), 10% from direct discharges (mostly sewage), and the rest from ship discharges. Ten US states dump waste into the sea. In 1980, 160,000 tons of waste were destroyed this way, but this figure has since decreased.
A presentation on the topic “Environmental Pollution” was prepared by Elena Boyko, a student of 10th grade.
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ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION Ivanova Galina Viktorovna teacher PSK TsPS
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GENERAL CONCEPTS Environmental pollution is an unfavorable change in our environment that is wholly or mainly a by-product of human activity (B. Nebel, 1994)
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GENERAL CONCEPTS Environmental pollution is any solid, liquid and gaseous substances, types of energy (heat, sound, ionizing radiation) in quantities that have a harmful effect on humans and the environment as a whole, both directly and indirectly
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CLASSIFICATION OF POLLUTION Natural (natural) pollution – pollution caused by natural sources: volcanic eruptions, forest and steppe fires, dust storms, floods, mudflows, tornadoes, etc. Natural springs pollution is scattered throughout the planet Background pollution - the natural concentration and degree of exposure to natural pollutants
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CLASSIFICATION OF POLLUTION Anthropogenic pollution - pollution caused by human activity Anthropogenic sources of pollution: organized - permanent, active stationary sources unorganized - one-time emissions from production mobile - emissions from vehicles
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Sources and objects of pollution type Oil production Oil leakage Wastewater Emissions of gaseous hydrocarbons Noise, vibrations Soil Water Atmosphere
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SOURCES AND OBJECTS OF POLLUTION TYPE OF ACTIVITY GENERAL TYPE OF POLLUTION OBJECTS OF POLLUTION Industrial production Solid waste (slag, residues of raw materials and materials, spent catalysts, dust, defective products, worn-out equipment, sludge treatment facilities etc.) Liquid waste (waste liquids and solutions, washing liquids) Gas emissions (exhaust and flue gases, ventilation emissions) Noise, vibrations Atmosphere Water Soil
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SOURCES AND OBJECTS OF POLLUTION TYPE OF ACTIVITY GENERAL TYPE OF POLLUTION OBJECTS OF POLLUTION Energy production Gas emissions (fuel combustion products) Solid waste (ash) Waste water Thermal pollution Noise, vibrations Radiation Atmosphere Water Soil Transport Gaseous combustion products with admixture of aerosols Flushing water with hydrocarbons Noise, vibrations End-of-life vehicles Air Water Soil
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SOURCES AND OBJECTS OF POLLUTION TYPE OF ACTIVITY GENERAL TYPE OF POLLUTION OBJECTS OF POLLUTION Agriculture Fertilizers Pesticides Genetically modified plants Soil Water Air Livestock and poultry farming Wastewater containing organic substances Odors Water Soil Air Utilities Wastewater (domestic sewerage, storm water ) Solid waste (household and construction waste ) Gas emissions (burning waste) Water Soil Air
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CLASSIFICATION OF POLLUTION By their nature, pollution is divided into: Physical (dust, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, thermal pollution, noise, vibrations) Physico-chemical (aerosols, odors) Chemical (various chemicals that are carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, allergenic, etc.) impact on living organisms) Biological (viruses and bacteria that cause infectious diseases, as well as allergic reactions; introduction of alien species of organisms into the ecosystem)
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CLASSIFICATION OF POLLUTION According to the nature of the impact on the environment, pollution is divided into primary and secondary. Primary pollutants enter the environment directly from sources (natural or anthropogenic), for example, volcanic gases, flue gases from power plants, industrial wastewater, solid household waste, etc. Secondary pollutants are formed during transformations (conversions) of primary pollutants and natural substances in the environment, for example, acid rain
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IMPACT OF POLLUTION ON THE ENVIRONMENT Local pollution - pollution of a small area around an industrial enterprise, settlement and other places Local pollution is typical for cities, large industrial enterprises, large livestock and poultry complexes, mining areas
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IMPACT OF POLLUTION ON THE ENVIRONMENT Regional pollution is pollution found over relatively large areas. Regional pollution covers large areas of land and water bodies. Examples include pollution of the Baltic and Mediterranean seas
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IMPACT OF POLLUTION ON THE ENVIRONMENT Global pollution is pollution of the natural environment or its components, found far from sources of pollution almost anywhere on the planet. Most often caused by atmospheric emissions, they travel great distances from the point of release and affect large regions and the entire planet. For example, an increase in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere led to an increase in the average annual temperature on the planet, and emissions of freons into the stratosphere led to the destruction of the ozone layer.
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IMPACT OF POLLUTION ON THE ENVIRONMENT STATE OF ECOSYSTEMS EQUILIBRIUM Rate of restoration processes is higher than or equal to the rate of anthropogenic destruction CRITICAL Limit state of ecosystem equilibrium (at the boundary of its stability region) CATASTROPHIC Difficult reversible process consolidation of unproductive systems, which can end in environmental disaster
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IMPACT OF POLLUTION ON THE ENVIRONMENT An environmental disaster is understood as a non-equilibrium, non-stationary transformation of the environment, the consequence of which is a loss of stability (equilibrium) as a result of changes in one’s own parameters and/or rapid changes in external variables. As a result of an environmental disaster, the complexity of ecosystems, energy and biological potential decreases. An environmental disaster often occurs as a result of direct or indirect anthropogenic impact, or adverse and dangerous natural phenomenon
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CONCLUSION Almost all aspects of modern human activity lead to pollution of the biosphere: industry, energy, transport, agriculture and everyday life, rapid rates of population growth and urbanization. Environmental monitoring should provide information about the initial state of the biosphere and identify anthropogenic changes.
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Sources of environmental pollution Tikhonova Tatyana Alekseevna teacher of technology MBOU "Secondary School No. 3" Cheboksary
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Physical (energy) pollution: noise, vibration, electromagnetic fields, ionizing radiation from radioactive substances, thermal radiation resulting from anthropogenic activities. Chemical pollution: pollution of the environment with all kinds of chemicals (xenobiotics) entering it with gaseous, liquid and solid emissions and waste.
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Route of entry Physical form of the pollutant Scale of pollution Emissions into the atmosphere Gases, aerosols, solid particles Local, regional Discharge of water bodies, direct contamination of soils and vegetation Liquid soluble and insoluble compounds Local, regional Waste disposal Solid and liquid waste Local
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Atmospheric pollution Atmospheric air is one of the most important components of the living environment. The main sources of air pollution are: thermal power plants and heating plants that burn fossil fuels; motor transport; ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy; mechanical engineering; chemical production; mining and processing of mineral raw materials; open sources (extraction, agricultural production, construction).
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Study the following table and conclude which sources of pollution have the greatest negative impact on the environment.
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Sources of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere Impurities Main sources Average concentration in the air mg/m3 Natural Anthropogenic Dust Volcanic eruptions, dust storms, forest fires Fuel combustion in industrial and domestic conditions in cities 0.04 - 0.4 Sulfur dioxide Volcanic eruptions, sulfur oxidation and sulfates dispersed in the sea Fuel combustion in industrial and domestic installations in cities up to 1.0 Nitrogen oxides Forest fires Industry, vehicles, thermal power plants In areas with developed industry up to 0.2 Carbon oxides Forest fires, natural methane Motor vehicles, evaporation of petroleum products In areas with developed industry up to 0.3 Volatile hydrocarbons Forest fires, natural methane Motor transport, evaporation of petroleum products In areas with developed industry up to 0.3 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - Motor transport, chemical and oil refineries In areas with developed industry up to 0.01
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Many energy and industrial sectors not only generate the maximum amount of harmful emissions, but also create environmentally unfavorable living conditions for residents of both large and medium-sized cities. Emissions of toxic substances lead, as a rule, to an increase in the current concentrations of substances above the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC).
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MPC harmful substances in the atmospheric air of populated areas are maximum concentrations assigned to a certain averaging period (30 minutes, 24 hours, 1 month, 1 year) and, given the regulated probability of their occurrence, do not have any direct or indirect effect harmful effects on the human body, including long-term consequences for the present and subsequent generations, which do not reduce a person’s performance and do not worsen his well-being.
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Hydrosphere pollution Water, like air, is a vital source for all known organisms. The main sources of hydrosphere pollution are discharged wastewater generated during the operation of energy, industrial, chemical, medical, defense, housing and communal services and other enterprises and facilities; disposal of radioactive waste in containers and containers that lose their tightness after a certain period of time; accidents and disasters occurring on land and in water; atmospheric air polluted with various substances and others.
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Water pollution suppresses ecosystem functions and slows down natural processes biological treatment fresh waters, and also contributes to changes chemical composition food and the human body.
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Regulatory documents regulating hygienic and technical requirements to water sources GOST 2761-84 “Sources of centralized domestic and drinking water supply. Hygienic, technical requirements and selection rules”; SanPiN 2.1.4.544-96 “Requirements for water quality of non-centralized water supply. Sanitary protection sources”; GN 2.1.5.689-98 “Maximum permissible concentrations (MAC) of chemicals in water water bodies household, drinking and cultural water supply”, etc.
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When determining quality drinking water take into account the following parameters: the content of impurities and suspended particles, taste, color, turbidity and water temperature, pH, composition and concentration of mineral impurities and oxygen dissolved in water, maximum permissible concentrations of chemicals and pathogenic bacteria. MPC is the maximum permissible pollution of water in reservoirs, which maintains safety for human health and normal conditions for water use. For example, for benzene the MPC is 0.5 mg/l.
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Soil pollution Soil is the habitat of numerous lower animals and microorganisms, including bacteria, molds, viruses, etc. The most important importance of soils is the accumulation of organic matter, various chemical elements, as well as energy. Soil cover functions as a biological absorber, destroyer and neutralizer of various pollutants. If this link of the biosphere is destroyed, then the existing functioning of the biosphere will be irreversibly disrupted.
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