If stains or traces of moisture become visible on the walls of the room, this is a sure sign of poor waterproofing. To avoid premature destruction of the building, the appearance of mold and rot, it is imperative to arrange drainage around the house.
Purpose
Drainage is a drainage system that is used to eliminate excess liquid around a house, garden, or site. Moisture can appear near the house due to various conditions: high levels groundwater, strong melting or a special type of soil (clay, crushed stone, loam). The drainage system is also used in courtyards, where, due to the inconvenient location of the house, the water cannot drain away on its own or, on the contrary, drains too quickly, leaving the ground dry and lifeless.
When you need to install drainage around your house:
- If liquid accumulates in the basement during snow melting or heavy rainfall;
- If your region has a high groundwater level;
- When the foundation of a house is regularly washed away with water;
- A capillary network appears on the floor or some areas of the building are susceptible to mold.
Installing drainage can be easily done with your own hands; in most cases, a perimeter system for draining the foundation around a private house is used. For more complex cases it is possible to use complex system natural type. This is the arrangement of a number of drains, in which there are main (main) and additional. This technique is used on swampy soils or a very large plot of land.
How to do
There are two types of dehumidification that are used most often by craftsmen:
- Superficial;
- Deep.
Surface or storm water is a drain that is protected by a special mesh. Water enters the pipeline after rain and melting snow. The system is located at a certain angle to the building, which allows moisture to be removed in any quantity. Such surface drainage has worked well in warm regions with high levels of average annual precipitation.
Photo: surface drainage The deep system is more complex, but it is also considered much more effective than the surface one. The laying depth is determined by calculating the ratio of the size and depth of the foundation and the level of soil freezing. The type of soil also plays a big role. To drain groundwater in this way, a separate pipeline or simply a paved trench can be used.
IN mandatory At a certain distance from the drains, wells are installed into which the waste is collected. waste water. Afterwards it can be used for irrigation or simply go into deeper layers of the earth.
Correct drainage around the house also involves developing a design (a diagram with structural details). Using this drawing, you can determine which type of system is most preferable for you, as well as create a rough estimate for the work. You can use the services of specialists, or develop a scheme yourself.
Video on the topic:
Step-by-step instructions on how to make proper drainage around the house:
- Calculate the communication distance from the foundation. It is very important that drains do not touch already laid sewerage and water supply pipes. You can lay a wall drainage, it will run almost close to the base of the building, or more distant - at a distance of 1.5 - 2 meters from the wall;
- Afterwards you need to dig a trench. Its depth depends on the groundwater level, the preferred type of drainage system and the level of freezing of the ground. You can obtain all the necessary data from the geological bureau of your region;
- It is necessary to dig in a place where there is no sewage system, otherwise there is a possibility of breaking its tightness;
- The drainage must be connected to a septic tank or drainage well. To equip it, a cylindrical hole is dug in the lowest place of the site, in which a plastic barrel or concrete rings(depending on your needs). Installation is carried out simultaneously with the installation of drains, i.e. the trenches must be connected to the septic tank. If everything is done correctly, then high waters they themselves will flow into the prepared place;
- When the trench is ready, sand is poured onto its bottom, which will act as a filter layer. There are several options for arranging the drain itself. You can lay it with construction waste, placing large stones on the bottom and reducing their size as they approach the surface. Some craftsmen use drainage from plastic bottles, brushwood, boards. For country house you can use improvised means, for example, bricks, but for residential country cottage It is better to work with plastic pipes;
- Afterwards you need to insulate the drainage around the house. If you are organizing a drainage system from scrap materials, then thermal insulation is not needed, but when working with a plastic pipeline it is necessary. For this purpose, communications are covered with geotextiles. The installation technology is similar to the insulation of sewer pipes - each drain is wrapped in material and additionally strengthened with clamps;
- Afterwards, the drainage area is filled up or covered with a mesh, depending on whether it is superficial or deep. In case of deep construction, the embankment must be made in a hill so that depressions and holes do not appear when the earth settles. On a large area, the ditch can be covered with a blind area. For example, a sheet of slate or a path made of bricks, then the drain will be completely invisible to the prying eye;
- Every six months you need to inspect the septic tank and clean it of silt and dirt.
Advice from homeowners with a vegetable garden: you can put fertilizer at the bottom of the trench - then the waste water will become a source of necessary minerals. In this case, it can be used in the future for watering the garden.
If the size of your local area allows you, you can make a much simpler drainage system. In the lowest place of the land share, a hole is dug for a lake, it is naturally filled with water. With the right approach and organization, in the future it will be possible to make an excellent landscape design with interesting elements. For example, put fish in an artificial pond or decorate it with lilies and other water-loving plants. For the reason that the ode will flow into the “pit”, she will leave the house. If you solve the problem in this way, then do not forget to regularly clean the lake so that it does not flood and turn into a swamp
Price
The cost of arranging drainage around the house depends on the materials you will use to make the drainage system (for example, the price of construction waste is a pittance). To work at the dacha, you can take the most affordable filters: wooden boards (fold them crosswise and place them with their ends on the walls of the trench), stones, fragments of bricks, slate. For the drainage system of a wooden or brick residential building, it is worth taking more complex and expensive materials - plastic pipes, old metal communications, and even a pipe made from plastic bottles will do if the rainfall is low.
Be sure to take care of insulation. If it is not possible to buy geotextiles for drainage, then cover the pipes with unnecessary rags or even humus. This will help prevent the system from freezing during the cold season.
In a private house there are several places that need to be protected from getting wet from the outside. These are the foundation and buried buildings. Rainwater, all kinds of drains and rising groundwater gradually destroy the monolithic foundations and walls of basements. A properly equipped drainage system around the house can prevent this process from occurring. It is capable of removing excess moisture from structures. Even a very good blind area cannot compare in terms of protection for a house with a installed drainage system. It is highly recommended to install such a system near every house, regardless of the presence of a basement or ground floor.
A high-quality drainage system around the house with your own hands can be made in several options:
Features of different foundation drainage systems
The choice of a specific type of drainage depends on the presence of buried rooms, the depth of groundwater, the composition of the soil on the site and the topography of the site itself. Let's consider what features the drainage system around the house has.
In total, there are 3 types of drainage, which differ in their location and design:
Important: Please note that reservoir drainage does not replace another type of drainage, but only complements it. Therefore, in addition to it, a main drainage system must be installed.
Please note that if you decide to make a ring drainage around the house with your own hands, the system should be located 0.5 m below the foundation level. This arrangement will ensure high-quality drainage of groundwater from the building at any time of the year.
And if you are thinking about this, then you may find our separate material on this topic useful.
Drainage installation
Let's look at how to make a drainage system around the house in two ways.
Manufacturing of wall drainage
Before carrying out the work, it is necessary to prepare the foundation, since the system will be directly adjacent to it.
To do this, the following work is carried out:
- The foundation from the outside is primed with a special bitumen primer.
- Bitumen mastic is applied to the dried surface.
- Sticks to mastic reinforcement mesh with cells 2 x 2 mm.
- The next day, after the mastic has hardened, a second layer of mastic is again applied to the mesh.
The photo shows the drainage system around the house - a trench and inspection wells along the edges - A collector well is installed to which drainage pipes will be connected. It is located at the lowest point on the site;
- using a laser or building level, the slope of the trench running near the foundation is ensured towards the drainage basin;
- the bottom of the trenches is covered with a layer of sand of at least 5 cm;
- geotextiles are laid on the sand, the sides of which will subsequently be wrapped overlapping;
- a gravel backfill is created having a thickness of about 10 cm;
- Prepared perforated pipes are laid on the gravel layer. Their slope is ensured at 2 degrees;
- pipes are joined with adapters and corner connectors;
- at the corners of the building, all pipelines enter installed inspection wells;
- Pipes are laid from inspection wells to drain water into a collection well or drain hole. These pipes are also located in trenches and have a slope;
- The pipes are filled with gravel (about 10 cm) and the entire contents are wrapped in geotextiles. Using synthetic ropes, geotextiles are firmly fixed;
- further backfilling of the trenches to the soil level is carried out with sand or turf soil.
We looked at how to make drainage around a wall-type foundation. Next, we will pay attention to the manufacture of trench drainage, which is even more popular.
Manufacturing of ring drainage
For this type of work you will also need perforated pipes, crushed stone, sand and geotextiles. When a ring drainage system is made around a house, the technology involves digging trenches at a distance of 5-8 m from the foundation of the building to eliminate the possibility of subsidence of the soil around it. The trenches are located around the building and form a closed system. The depth of the trenches should be such that the drainage passes 50 cm below the foundation level.
Immediately draw a trench (or several trenches) towards the main drainage well. The slope of the trenches is ensured at least 2-3 cm per linear meter. The slope can be adjusted by adding sand in the right places.
- the bottom of the trenches is lined with a layer of sand, and then with geotextiles, the edges of which are wrapped on their walls;
- crushed stone is poured onto the geotextile in a layer of 10 cm;
- Pipes with holes drilled in them are laid out on the crushed stone. It is advisable to use a pipe diameter of at least 10 cm. It is advisable to first wrap all pipes with a layer of geotextile, which will prevent them from clogging;
Tip: Regular PVC pipes used for sewerage are quite suitable. You can drill holes of small diameter in them with a drill, arranging them in a certain order.
- the slope of the pipes is checked, which must be at least 2 degrees;
- At pipe bends, inspection wells are installed, covered with removable covers. The same wells should be installed on long straight sections, in increments of 12 m;
- crushed stone or gravel is poured over the laid pipes in a layer of 20-30 cm;
- the entire “pie” inside the trenches is wrapped with geotextile overlapping;
- the remaining space in the trenches is filled with river sand and covered with turf.
Features of drainage wells
Any drainage around a site or building must be constructed using several inspection wells located at pipe bends. It is in these places that drainage pipes become clogged most often. Through the inspection well, you can monitor the cleanliness of the drains and clean them if necessary. Wells can be purchased or made from any materials. They should have such a width that it is convenient to clean them by placing your hand there.
In addition to several inspection wells, at the lowest point of the site there is collector well, designed to collect all the water flowing down the channels. This is a wider and more voluminous structure, which can be concrete, plastic or metal. Its depth is chosen so that the pipes entering it are located at a considerable distance from the bottom. This makes it possible to periodically clean the well from sediments accumulated at its bottom and allows the well to fill with wastewater. Water can be pumped out from the collection tank by a pump or flow by gravity to designated areas.
By creating a drainage system around the house according to all the rules, you will get rid of the harmful effects of excessive dampness affecting the foundation and recessed areas of the house.
Drainage around a home is an effective way to protect building elements and outbuildings from exposure to moisture. The creation of such a drainage system is especially important if groundwater is located at a depth of less than 2.5 meters. This is also necessary if the residential structure is located on a site prone to seasonal or weather-related flooding. How to properly make drainage around the house with your own hands - step by step instructions. Installing a drainage system is not a difficult task, but to accurately organize it you need to follow simple rules.
With the help of special LightDrain drainage pipes, you can install the drainage system yourself. See the addresses of stores in Moscow and the Moscow region.
System Description
To effectively drain groundwater, rain and melt water, which not only destroys structural elements of a building, fills the basement and cellar, but also reduces the bearing capacity of the soil, there are several methods for constructing drainage. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the decision on which type to choose and how best to make drainage around the house remains with the owner himself.
The design and location of the system for protecting against excess moisture is selected taking into account the terrain, the presence of buried rooms, the depth of groundwater, and the type of soil. By design, the following drainage systems are distinguished: backfill, open and closed.
How to make drainage around the house with your own hands
Depending on what area of land needs to be drained, what type and what depth of drainage will be most effective, the location of the entire system is chosen. If necessary, eliminate the impact of water on the foundation and basements, create wall or ring drainage. The first type is appropriate if there is a basement or basement and is located in close proximity to the foundation walls. Trenches are dug around the perimeter, a perforated pipe is laid (below the basement floor level) and covered with crushed stone or gravel. The wall is fenced off with a layer of geotextile with one-way conductivity. Water from the ground does not reach the walls, but enters the drainage pipe and is discharged to a safe place.
For effective drainage, you need to know how to properly drain a site. To do this, the drainage system is located around the entire perimeter. The most labor-intensive, expensive, but also the most effective way is closed system using plastic pipes. The price of such perforated pipes is affordable for any family budget. It perfectly removes excess water from the site, preventing mold from forming, destroying garden and vegetable plants, destroying load-bearing building elements and not damaging appearance Houses.
To create such a drainage, you need to perform several operations:
- draw a diagram of the future system on paper indicating the dimensions and distance from the edge of the site, as well as taking into account the landscape design and location of plantings;
- will mark future routes on the site itself using paint or sand;
- with your own hands or using small equipment, dig trenches along marked routes (depth and width depend on the level of groundwater and the diameter of the pipes used, vary from 70 to 150 cm in depth and from 25 to 40 cm in width);
- line the bottom and walls of the trench with geotextile (the material will significantly reduce clogging of the drainage and significantly increase the period of effective operation);
- Apply a layer of sand (about 15 cm) to the bottom, and then a layer of crushed stone or gravel (about 20 cm);
- using the device and the gravel layer, set the desired level of slope;
- if the site area is large, it will be necessary to create inspection wells at a distance of 50 meters from each other in places where pipes bend or change the slope;
- perforated pipes are laid (best with a filter element - fiberglass, coconut fiber, non-woven or needle-punched textiles) and connected to each other using fittings;
- the most optimal diameter of the drainage pipe, ensuring good water drainage, is considered to be 110 mm;
- the slope is checked again (can be easily done using a stretched rope), and it is necessary to create a uniform level, eliminating sagging of the pipe;
- it is very important that the drainage system is below the soil freezing level;
- the pipes are covered with crushed stone or gravel on top; the thickness of the layer should not reach the soil surface of about 15 cm;
- Geotextiles are laid on the crushed stone layer and soil is filled.
There is no need to be afraid of increasing the cost of creating drainage: purchasing additional geotextiles and separating all layers from each other will only increase the efficiency and service life of the entire system. Following these simple instructions will allow you to install long-term water protection with your own hands and preserve your property and health throughout the entire life of your home.
Backfill design
The backfill drainage structure is a deep trench (below the upper groundwater level) filled with coarse gravel, crushed stone or other rubble material. Upper part the trenches are covered with a layer of turf, and to reduce swimming and silting of the passage space, the walls are laid with a layer of geotextile material. This type of drainage is easy to create, low cost, for a long time operation and no need for maintenance.
In addition, in its final form it does not disrupt the overall appearance of the site and does not introduce dissonance into the landscape design. Among the minuses, one can note the low throughput water flow and the impossibility of cleaning the drainage channel if it is clogged.
Open type drainage device
The open option or surface drainage involves the creation of shallow open trenches (about 0.5 meters), through which rain and melt water is drained into special containers or discharged outside the site. To prevent swimming and destruction of the trench walls, plastic or metal trays are placed in them. Additional security is provided by the grilles placed on top.
How to properly make a closed drainage system
The most complex and time-consuming type of drainage is closed type. When organizing it, trenches are dug, a layer of gravel or coarse crushed stone is poured onto the bottom, and then perforated pipes are laid. From above, the entire structure is again covered with crushed stone or gravel and at the end a layer of soil is applied. To increase the efficiency of water drainage and reduce siltation, filter material (geotextile) is used on perforated pipes. The materials for making perforated pipes are steel, asbestos cement, and ceramics, but now almost all types have given way to plastic. Corrugated plastic pipes, which already have holes in their finished form, are long and easy to install, have become widespread.
When choosing any method of removing excess moisture, you should definitely take into account the slope of the drainage channels. For proper operation of the system, the level of inclination towards the outlet to an artificial or natural water intake must be at least 3° along one branch or 1 cm per linear meter. When deciding how to properly tilt the drainage, you can use the adjustment of the thickness of the gravel cushion.
Cost of installation work
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Name of work |
Price, rub. |
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Installation of ring drainage around the house |
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With a depth of up to 1 m. |
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With a depth of up to 2 m. |
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With a depth of up to 3 m. |
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Collector well |
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Installation of wall drainage around the house |
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With a depth of up to 1 m. |
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With a depth of up to 2 m. |
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With a depth of up to 3 m. |
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Collector well |
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* The price indicated on the website is not a public offer (Article 435 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) and is for informational purposes only.
Pricing also depends on the volume, distance of the object and other factors.
There are several. But, if you look into this issue, you can find out that the best option is a closed drainage system.
Purpose of drainage around the house
There is one very common misconception, common to all inexperienced but rich people: drainage can easily replace foundation waterproofing. Actually this is not true! Even if the foundation is well insulated from water penetration, it still needs a drainage system in any case. To identify the reason for this, it is necessary to “get to the root” - under the house, loam and clay alternate, and the height of groundwater may differ in different seasons.
Another important factor is the height of your yard relative to the terrain. The lower this height, the more necessary drainage is around your home. This should also include precipitation and soil permeability. In short, there are a lot of such factors; it is impossible to take them all into account even before the construction of a house begins. But all of them will soon manifest themselves either in the form of moss or mold.
To avoid the adverse effects of excess moisture, drainage must be installed before the construction of the building, at the excavation stage. Regarding other methods of draining water, it is more likely to eliminate holes in a sinking ship. It may be effective, but it is temporary.
How to make drainage around the house with your own hands
There are several drainage options, but, again, it is better to use a closed one. It is not advisable to install other types.
- Closed drainage option. Special drainage pipes are used for it, it is completely safe, it is possible maintenance, as well as several arrangement options.
- Open option. In this case, a trench is dug around the house, the depth of which will exceed the depth of the foundation. It can be narrow, but it must be sloped so that water can drain naturally. As a result, we get a certain gap in the area, which completely destroys all its attractiveness. You can decorate it with something, try to disguise it, but the likelihood that your children will fall into it is very high.
- Zasypnaya. In principle, here is the same trench around the house, but it is covered with crushed stone on top and covered with broken bricks; if desired, it can be decorated with turf. No one can fall here, but maintenance is out of the question. If the drainage system becomes clogged, you will literally have to tear everything apart, since you will not be able to visually determine where the clog occurred.
Selection of pipes for creating drainage
After we have decided on the type of drainage system, we need to select pipes.
Types of drainage pipes of domestic and foreign production
Important! It is best to use pipes with existing perforations, as this greatly simplifies installation. Consequently, polymer pipes are most suitable, the diameter of which may vary, but mainly 100-110 mm are used for drainage.
Prices for polymer pipes
polymer pipes
DIY closed drainage
Below is a step-by-step drainage technology. It consists of several stages.
Ground measurements
First you need to determine the lowest point on your site. This is where the future trench will stretch, and here the drainage well will be located. This is because although mold in the basement is extremely undesirable, waterlogged soil in the area will not be beneficial either. If your area is flat, tall grass grows on it, or there are other types of complications, then only one thing will help you - a theodolite.
It is better to borrow this instrument from someone or rent it; buying it is not profitable.
The ditches that will be around the house should have a slope of about one centimeter per linear meter. This may seem like overkill since water will flow down a five-millimeter slope, but in reality this is not the case. Dirty water with sand and clay will flow through the drainage system, so that over time, plaque will form on the pipe, so a centimeter slope is just right, and even though this increases the amount of work, at the same time the durability of the system increases.
Ditch digging, backfilling
Now you can begin installing the drainage pipes.
Installation of drainage pipes
Important! Do not forget that the pipes should be laid with an inclination towards the drain well!
Our entire drainage system must be installed using fittings. We do this before we fill the last gravel layer.
Open drain technology
Open drainage is the easiest way to protect a house from precipitation. Material costs are minimal, the work carried out is insignificant, but there is a danger that someone may fall into such a drainage. To work, you only need a shovel and a tape measure. We dig the perimeter of the house with an open ditch 50 cm wide and 70 cm deep, about a meter from the wall. Its walls should be inclined at approximately 30°. Water that gets into the ditch will flow into a specially created waste pit, which can be made common to several buildings. To move water into the hole, we dig a large ditch connecting all the secondary ones.
It is advisable to fill the bottom of the ditch with crushed stone so that the water flow does not erode the soil.
Important! Open drainage is especially effective when snow melts.
If the suburban area is located on a slope, then open drainage systems will effectively remove water. In this case, ditches dug across the slope will “intercept” the flowing water, after which the latter will be directed into the general channel, and then into the drainage hole outside the yard.
Backfill drainage technology
As mentioned earlier, to construct a backfill drainage system we will need the following materials:
- Large crushed stone;
- Gravel;
- Broken brick (instead of gravel or in combination with it).
In general, the technology of the backfill system is in many ways similar to a closed one, only pipes are not used here - instead, the ditch is half filled with crushed stone of large fractions or broken bricks. Next, gravel is poured, the finishing layer is soil with turf.
But this type of drainage gets clogged quite quickly, and it is generally very difficult to clean it. That is why backfill drainage is considered the least effective and durable. In order to at least partially correct this, it is recommended to place geotextiles between the gravel layer and the soil, or even better tecton - the walls and bottom of the ditch are covered with the material. After this, water will not be absorbed into the ground. Such waterproofing should not only completely cover the ditch, but also extend beyond it by about 0.3 meters on each side. Then broken brick or crushed stone is poured in, which is covered with the remaining edges of the material. After this, the finishing layer is laid.
In the manufacture of tecton, modern technologies are used, which makes it possible to obtain a material that almost does not rot when in contact with water. And this is an excellent opportunity to increase the efficiency of such an unreliable system as backfill drainage.
Other methods of installing drainage. Foundation blind area
The foundation blind area is a strip of concrete or asphalt located around the perimeter of the entire house. It is made at an obtuse angle relative to the wall surface. It's not only effective way protecting the foundation from moisture, but also decorative element Houses. The function of the blind area is simple - to drain melt or rainwater from the foundation.
Important! If the soil on which the house is built is non-sagging and dry, or moreover, the foundation of the house is columnar, then there is no need for a blind area. In all other cases, this must be done, since a wet foundation will not last long.
What material to choose for the blind area?
For this purpose we can use one of the following materials:
- Galvanized steel sheets;
- Rubble stone;
- Asphalt;
- Clay;
- Concrete slabs;
- Brick;
- Concrete.
Of these, concrete is the most popular due to its excellent characteristics - high strength and durability. But there is another material, relatively “young” and therefore unknown to anyone - profiled PVP membranes, which perfectly insulate from moisture penetration and do not become cracked during operation.
Such a membrane is laid on the ground, and sand and crushed stone are placed on top of it. You can cover such a structure with almost anything, even a flowerbed or lawn located above it. To do this, apply another layer of turf about 20 centimeters thick on the crushed stone.
Finally, the easiest way to create drainage around your house is to take plastic pipe and cut it lengthwise into two parts. Lay the pipe cuttings along the perimeter at a slight slope directed towards the water drainage. Also for this purpose, special drainage channels are made, equipped plastic grilles for protection.
And remember! All other drainage methods, in addition to the pre-dug pit system, are secondary. Their efficiency is an order of magnitude lower, and durability is out of the question.
Video - How to make drainage around the house with your own hands
