There are several successive stages in construction, and finishing work is one of them, because in the construction of a building, the construction of the box is essential, but not final.
For example, the most simple cosmetic renovation of an apartment usually consists only of finishing work. While the capital project, which includes several stages, is completed with finishing work.
Meaning
Finishing work is the most important stage in construction and in any repair, since the quality of this type of work depends on appearance the premises, its atmosphere, and ultimately the mood of the people in it.
The impression received by those present in the room, their feelings, as well as convenience, comfort and time saving depend on the correctly selected palette of colors, their combination, quality of materials and the execution of the work itself.
Interior finishing work in major renovation
Over time, all buildings and structures need major repairs; this is an action that requires a serious approach, high-quality materials and the latest equipment, since this type of repair, in terms of its significance and the volume of work performed, is more reminiscent of the reconstruction of a building.
Finishing work is the final stage in a major overhaul, which is usually preceded by such activities as:
- strengthening the foundation and load-bearing structures(walls and beams);
- a set of actions related to waterproofing and designed to protect the room from moisture.
As an option, the cost of finishing the room is included in the price overhaul. But at the request of the customer, the estimate for finishing work can be included in a separate document in order to detail material and financial costs.
Finishing work. Species
These works are carried out in a certain sequence, depending on the wishes of the customer or property owner and on the specific tasks assigned to the performers.
Finishing work is a complex of actions that can be divided into several groups:
- floor finishing;
- ceiling finishing;
- wall decoration.
All component stages of finishing activities can have a wide price and quality range. You can also always invite an interior designer to decorate a room in a specific style or to acquire an area of maximum practicality, style and aesthetics. But this should be done before the repairmen begin their work. After all, the cost and duration of implementation of ideas depends on the chosen type of finishing and materials for its implementation.
Wall decoration
Usually this is where interior finishing work begins, which consists of the following stages:
- preparation of walls - includes actions to level or give them the required shape, for this they use plaster, gypsum or drywall;
- Next comes the stage of puttying or final leveling of the walls;
- then decoration is carried out (for example, painting the walls or covering them with wallpaper).
Wall preparation is of utmost importance in wall decoration as a smooth wall surface is a very rare occurrence in most homes. And this action determines how the coating will be applied to the walls, and the overall appearance of the room also largely depends on the topography.
At this time, the most common type is wallpaper, and coloring is on its heels.
But there are lovers of interesting solutions who are ready with various panels in their homes.
It happens that interior wall decoration includes the installation of decorative panels, which include plastic, MDF or fiberboard. For this type of work, the task of the craftsmen is greatly simplified, because the procedure does not require alignment.
Ceiling finishing
The situation with the surface of ceilings is a little better than with walls; sometimes there may be unevenness at the joints of panels or beams, but all this can be easily corrected with professional tools in combination with skills. But if there is a problem with the relief of the ceiling, then special types of coatings come to the rescue, which can easily mask all the shortcomings of the builders.
But first things first.
The interior finishing work of the ceiling depends on the coating chosen by the customer for it, as well as the method in which they will be carried out.
Currently there are several types of ceilings:
- tension;
- painted;
- mounted;
- pasted over.
The most popular one, which is usually recommended by a decorator, is a painted ceiling. It does not require special physical effort, material costs or time. The only thing that precedes painting the ceiling, and even then not always, is the preliminary leveling of its surface.
In second place in popularity are laminated ceilings. These could be panels from various materials or any kind of wallpaper. This type of ceiling is inexpensive, simple and aesthetic.
The estimate for the finishing work of a suspended or suspended ceiling may unpleasantly surprise you with its considerable result, but if the owner of the premises does not have a question about saving material resources, then this option is a very good one.
There is a wide variety of color options to which you can add a dose of creativity and originality (different levels, relief, combination of shades and textures).
Floor finishing
It includes a number of works on leveling the floor and installing a concrete screed; the final stage here is the installation of the floor covering, which the owner of the room must choose. It can be laminate, parquet, linoleum, tiles or boards.
As for laying ceramic tiles and tiles, you will need a finishing specialist who specializes in this particular area. Because laying tiles is a job that requires certain experience and skills. In this way, you can decorate not only the floor, but also the walls in the bathroom, shower, or lay out a work apron in the kitchen. Sometimes laying tiles is included in a special category and in a separate price list for repair and finishing work.
Who to trust?
If the prices for finishing work are scary, or you have some knowledge and skills in finishing the premises, then you can do it on your own. But there is no execution, covering additional costs or paying penalties and solving problems that arise at the stage of finishing work.
But in most cases, property owners resort to the help of professionals, among whom it is possible to find those who offer affordable prices for finishing work, their high-quality performance and a guarantee.
Advantages of repair and finishing companies
Most organizations that specialize in repair, construction and finishing work provide:
- detailed development of the plan and estimate;
- individual approach to each order;
- modern equipment and advanced technologies;
- highly qualified workers;
- finishing of premises of any degree of complexity;
- completion of work within the specified time frame;
- guarantee for completed types of work, which is provided upon completion.
Calculation of the cost of repair and finishing work
As for the prices for finishing work, different regions countries they differ significantly. For example, in Moscow, Moscow region, St. Petersburg and Leningrad region the cost is significantly higher than in Saratov, Tomsk or Cherepovets.
Also, the price of finishing largely depends on the materials, the complexity of the work and the timing of its completion. But in all cases there is one principle: the larger the area of the premises, the higher the price for the services provided.
In most companies, the operation of calculating the cost of finishing can be done online; for this purpose, there is a special calculator on the organization’s website, with which you can easily find out how much the planned event will cost.
There is another way - very often on the same websites of repair and construction companies there is an opportunity to use the services of an online consultant for free, who will help make preliminary calculations and provide guidance on other basic issues.
So, the construction is completed, it's time to start finishing work. The better the action plan is drawn up, the less time and money we will spend.
1. Internal walls (not load-bearing). If you plan to remove internal partitions, then this is where you should start. Be sure to check before demolishing interior walls how such changes will affect the installation of electrical wiring and other communications.
2. Interior walls are installed where they should be. We lay electrical wiring, as well as sewer pipes, cut grooves for heating radiators, lay electrical cables, television cables, etc. A little trick: we take photos or videos of the installation process, which will greatly facilitate the search for the necessary elements in the future.
3. Next, we prepare the base of the floor. Thermal and hydraulic insulation is carried out on the ground, and sound insulation is carried out on the floors. We install heating pipes. We make a cement screed, then hide it to avoid contamination during further plastering work.
4. We plaster the walls and ceilings with traditional (wet) plaster. Often, one layer of gypsum is placed on lime-cement plaster. Gypsum plaster dries more slowly than lime-cement plaster, so you should wait for it to dry completely.
5. Internal window sills can be installed either after completion of plastering or before it, but in the latter case, carefully close them so as not to stain or scratch them.
6. We prepare the base for a specific floor covering using self-leveling screeds. You can walk on it within a day, but it will take at least three to four weeks until it dries completely. Only after this period has passed will it be possible to begin laying the flooring. The thickness of the screed and the thickness of the floor covering must match each other.
7. We tidy up the work area and remove debris - this will make further repair work easier.
8. We carry out finishing using the “dry” method. After the screed and plaster have dried, we install the plasterboards. This should not be done before, because the drywall will be deformed under the influence of moisture. Next we putty and sand the plasterboards.
9. The next step is laying the tiles on the plaster. It can be carried out a few days after applying the plaster. It is recommended to lay tiles on a primed concrete wall after the concrete has completely dried, that is, after 90 days.
10. Prime the walls before the first painting. It is important that the room temperature during priming is not below 5 degrees. Celsius. Humidity should also not exceed a threshold of 80%. Painting starts with the ceilings and ends with the walls.
11. When the “wet” work is completed, the screeds are completely dry, you can begin laying the parquet. If the humidity in the room is high, it must be dried with special dryers. Once the parquet has been laid, further processing (varnishing) can be carried out after a few weeks.
12. We install doors and baseboards. Installation is carried out before varnishing wooden floor coverings. It is important to ensure the accuracy of the measurements of doorways and doors, which must be taken after the flooring has been laid.
13. Sanding and varnishing of parquet. First we prime the parquet, then, at intervals of two to three hours, we coat it with varnish (2 layers). The floor will be completely ready for use in 10-15 days. Until this time, you should walk on it very carefully.
14. We paint the walls a second time, having previously covered the baseboards, doors and other objects that may get dirty with film. It is convenient to use masking tape.
15. And finally, we install built-in furniture, appliances and equipment. We screw in switches, sockets, and lamps. During this work, cover the floors with cardboard to prevent damage.
Finishing work must begin with installation entrance doors and windows to ensure the necessary microclimate in the interior, that is, positive air temperature and minimal humidity.
The order of actions is approximately the following (“approximately” - because some work operations in the list can be combined, and for others the order can be changed):
– laying partitions and internal walls. During the same period, you can insulate the interfloor ceilings and begin laying floors
- they enter the house electrical cable and all utilities (gas, water supply, sewerage, heating risers, etc.). Then the floor is backfilled with expanded clay and rough screed
– installation of all systems (plumbing, sewer, etc.), grooves are made in the walls and electrical wiring is carried out, sockets for switches and sockets are prepared. Isolon and pipes for heated floors are laid over the rough screed. The floor is poured (with the installation of beacons) with vetonite or plytonite
– a fireplace and a chimney for it are installed
– wallpaper is glued or applied decorative plaster, window sills are installed and window slopes are finished
–assembly of stairs
– the last stage of finishing work is being carried out - tiling, clapboard paneling, laying laminate or parquet, installing thresholds and baseboards, switches and sockets, lighting fixtures. Plumbing fixtures, mirrors, heating radiators are installed
Interior decoration is probably the most expensive stage in renovating an apartment or house. After completion of general construction work on the house or purchase new apartment work begins on interior design. Check out tips on how to do interior decorating. How to schedule events to avoid unnecessary downtime and costs.
During the finishing and furnishing stage, you will have to make many decisions. The sooner you think about arranging your interior, the better. Do not wait until the last minute - in the end, this will lead to delays in the renovation of the apartment and, perhaps, in a hurry, you will not always be able to choose the most optimal materials in terms of price and appearance.
1. Walls - the last chance for redevelopment
Have you started renovating your apartment and decided to remodel? When starting interior decoration, first of all take care of completing all work on moving the walls. If you decide to deviate from the standard layout, determine the new layout of structures from the very beginning. Important: always pay attention to how this will affect subsequent internal engineering systems(electrics, plumbing, heating). Well, don’t forget that redevelopment requires approval, and some options are generally prohibited (you can’t touch load-bearing walls, for example). At the moment, the conditions and procedure for redevelopment are regulated by the Rules for the maintenance of residential buildings and adjacent areas in Kiev, the decision of the Kyiv City Council dated May 24, 2012 No. 587/7924 approved the Procedure for redevelopment of residential and non-residential premises in houses in Kyiv
2. Communications
The next stage of finishing work, after the internal walls are where they should be, is carrying out electrical wiring, water and sewerage.
Some tips:
- Before you make the electrical wiring, carefully and thoroughly work out the furniture placement plan - this way you will avoid situations where, for example, the sockets will be located behind the closet or the television cable will be located on the opposite wall from the TV
- When laying cables for electrical, television, Internet, etc., you should photograph them before they are sealed with plaster. Then, if necessary, they will be much easier to detect.
- Don’t forget to run wires for the kitchen hood, countertop lighting, boiler, fan into the bathroom air duct, for the bathroom mirror, under the air conditioner and intercom.
3. Rough screed
At this stage of apartment renovation, the following work is carried out, if necessary: waterproofing the floor, laying thermal insulation in the floor, installing heating pipes in the screed, installing a heated floor, applying a layer of cement-sand screed.
Some tips:
- Before closing heating pipes, a pressure test must be carried out.
- There should be no drafts while the screed is drying.
- The screed must be closed in such a way that it does not become dirty during plastering work.
4. Plastering walls and ceilings
Plastering work refers to wet work during interior decoration. Cement-lime plaster can be applied manually or by machine. Often plastering is done with gypsum plaster.
Please note:
- Before starting the next work, for example, drywall or laying parquet or laminate, the walls must be completely dry to reduce excess humidity in the room.
- When renovating an apartment in a new building, it is advisable to lay a facade mesh in the plaster of all walls in order to reduce the likelihood of cracks forming during shrinkage of the house.
5. Window sills
Installation of window sills is carried out at the final stage of plastering work. These works can be carried out before plastering the walls, but in this case the risk of contamination and even damage to the window sill increases.
6. Self-leveling screeds
Leveling the floor will prepare the base for the final floor coverings. Most applied screeds can be walked on after 12-24 hours, but wait three to four weeks for them to dry completely. You can safely wait even six weeks before laying your floors. Leveling with a self-leveling mixture is not always necessary. Minor unevenness in the floor can be hidden by polyurethane or cork underlays under the laminate. If parquet and tile floors are adjacent to each other, you must take into account the need to make screeds of different thicknesses so that there are no differences in height on the final covering.
7. Plasterboard, suspended ceilings
Drywall can be installed after the screed and plaster have dried. Otherwise, it will absorb moisture, swell and delaminate. Plasterboard slabs are puttied and sanded. At the same time, the walls are puttied and sanded. It produces large number dust that gets everywhere. Spaces in which this work will not be carried out should be protected.
According to user reviews, stretch ceilings in large spaces (more than 20 sq.m.) look noticeably worse than in small ones - the movement of air in the room creates vibrations in the stretch ceilings, which does not look very comfortable.
8 Tiling work
Tiles can be laid on fresh plaster after a few days. Tiles can be laid on newly constructed concrete foundations no earlier than three months after the completion of concreting. Plasterboard boards must be primed before gluing tiles onto them.
9. Priming the walls and first painting
When renovating an apartment, the primer aims to strengthen the surface of the base, reduce its absorption capacity and improve adhesion to paint. Apply the first coat of paint to the walls and ceiling, starting from the ceiling. Walls are primed at temperatures above 5 °C. Also when painting, the coating temperature should not be lower than 5 ° C, and the humidity should not be higher than 80%.
10. Laying parquet, laminate
After completing wet work, it is necessary to check the humidity in the room. When laying parquet and laminate, the humidity should be 40-60%, the air temperature should be from 18 to 24°C. If the humidity is high, dry the room (you can rent a special heat gun). After this, you can proceed to the next stage of interior finishing - laying parquet or laminate flooring. After laying the parquet and before applying varnish, you must wait two to three weeks.
11. Installation of doors and skirting boards
This must be done before varnishing the wooden floor. If the door is made by a carpenter, the trim must be painted and varnished before installation. The most common mistake when installing a door is taking inaccurate dimensions of the opening - you need to measure only after laying the floor.
12. Polishing and varnishing parquet
After sanding the parquet, it is necessary to thoroughly vacuum and apply a primer, and then paint in two layers. The varnish dries after 1-3 days. After this, you can carefully use the painted surface. But only after a week or two the varnish becomes completely hard and the floor can be used to its full potential.
13. Second painting
It is necessary to protect floors, baseboards, window sills, etc. from contamination. Masking tape and oilcloth will be invaluable here. The second coloring must be very careful. To get good results, it is better to use various types rollers and brushes for specific areas - for example, on the ceiling or wall surface or painting behind a radiator. The second painting is carried out last so that no construction dust can settle on the freshly painted ceilings or walls.
14. Installation of electrical equipment, household appliances, furniture
We remember the need to protect the floor from damage when installing furniture - you can temporarily cover the floor with packaging cardboard. After installation of the equipment, the apartment renovation will not be completely completed - minor corrections will still be inevitable, so prepare for the need to touch up, retouch, and glue somewhere.
The foundation, walls and roof of the house, the so-called box, are most often erected by one team. The future owner of the home acts as an investor and supplier. When moving on to finishing the house, he will have to take care of the proper organization of the process. After all, the order of execution individual species work is of great importance for the quality of construction.
Experienced foremen rightly claim that erecting the building frame is only a smaller part of building a house. Usually it is performed by one team, the leader of which independently determines the sequence of certain types of work. Organizing the supply of materials is within the power of a developer who does not have extensive construction experience. Moreover, due to the duration of each stage of the first phase of construction, there is always time to order in advance necessary materials.
When it comes time to decorate the house, the situation changes. At a construction site, several different teams often start working simultaneously. All of them must be provided with the scope of work and the necessary materials. But this turns out to be not so simple. The main difficulty is the need to meet deadlines for completing a particular stage. A delay in the work of a team of electricians or plumbers leads to the fact that finishers cannot begin work on their site. Because of this, conflicts arise and the completion date of the house is delayed.
Where to start?
The finishing of the premises begins after the completion of general construction work. In the cold season, the main condition is the presence of windows and doors
The answer to this question depends on what time of year the work will be carried out. It must be taken into account that the above-zero temperature is necessary condition many finishing processes. When interior work begins in the summer, all stages can be completed before the onset of cold weather. If you start finishing the house in late autumn or winter, then the first priority is installing windows and external doors, as well as connecting heating.
Basic Steps
Some finishing works can be done independently, which will significantly reduce their cost.
Let's consider the order of the main stages of finishing a building using the example of a one-story brick house, where the foundation, external walls and partitions, interfloor ceilings, roofing, chimneys and ventilation, base of floors on the ground, terrace, external staircase structure, water supply and sewerage have already been completed, external doors have been installed . Before the start of finishing work, the design of the interiors of the house must be ready, then the types of materials, their quantity and the location of the built-in equipment must be determined.
1. FLOOR BASEDepending on its thickness, the base of the floor can be reinforced with mesh
The base for floors made of so-called lean concrete is usually poured with fine-grained concrete in a layer of 3-4 cm and rubbed. If the base is made of high quality and there are no unevennesses, you can use self-leveling mixtures.
Before starting work, walls and windows can be covered with plastic film
2. INTERNAL NETWORKS
At the same time, you can install an antenna, a power supply and alarm system, and also wire the telephone network. It is better if the wiring is placed in corrugated hoses. This will ensure its safety and will allow you to change cables in the future, if necessary, without disturbing the surface of the walls. IN neighboring rooms another team can install water supply and sewerage pipes.
3. WATERPROOFING AND THERMAL INSULATION OF FLOORS ON GROUND
After the leveling layer of concrete has hardened, you can begin laying the waterproofing. It is made from a thick film or bitumen membrane on cold mastic. In order for the waterproofing layer to be dense, the base must be free of dust. Then a layer of thermal insulation is placed - slabs of mineral wool polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene foam. They are laid in two layers with the joints offset.
4. HEATING PIPES ROUTING
Simultaneously with the implementation of the second layer of thermal insulation, the pipes of the heating systems are installed. They are laid between polystyrene foam boards, thereby minimizing heat loss. It is especially important that the terminals for connecting radiators are located at the required height. This is complicated by the absence of floors and window sills at the time of work, which can serve as a guide. To avoid complications, it is imperative to pressure test the system before covering the pipes with floor grout.
5. INTERNAL PLASTERINGAll unevenness of gypsum plaster is rubbed down. After drying, the surface is ready for finishing finishing material: paint, tiles, wallpaper
A few days before the installation of heating pipes in one or more rooms is completed, you can begin plastering the ceiling and then the walls. The slopes of windows and internal doors are plastered after installing carpentry and window sills. It is necessary to leave holes in the walls for gas supply pipes.
Leveling gypsum plaster is applied to the layer of cement-lime plaster. Additional surface treatment before applying the final decorative coating is not required, since if the technology of use is followed, gypsum plaster provides both leveling and filling.
6. FLOOR SCREEDAfter the leveling layer of concrete has hardened start laying waterproofing - a thick film or bitumen membrane
The thermal insulation of the floor is usually covered with polyethylene film, on which a concrete screed is made. The film is necessary to protect the insulation from absorbing water from the concrete. Depending on the expected thickness of the applied concrete layer, floor reinforcement can be performed metal mesh. Then beacons are attached to the film, and soundproofing tape is laid around the perimeter of the room. Large areas of the floor are divided by dilatation seams. They are necessary to ensure that cracks do not appear on the floor due to such deformations.
Polyethylene film is laid over the thermal insulation layer, which reliably protects the insulation from moisture penetration
7. WINDOWS AND DOORSAfter attaching the windows to the wall with anchors the seams are sealed with polyurethane foam. Then the external and internal slopes are sealed, covering polyurethane foam from the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation.
Before plastering work begins, windows and window sills made of PVC or wooden windows. This is best done at above-zero air temperatures. To avoid damaging the surface of windows and doors during subsequent finishing work, it is better to protect them with thick plastic film.
8. DEVICE OF LEVEL FLOORS
After plastering the walls and ceilings, the next stage of finishing the house is covering the pressure screed with a thin layer of self-leveling self-leveling mixture. It is applied only to dry screed, which dries for 5-6 weeks. This period must be maintained so that the base of the floor dries completely and gains strength. After drying (1-2 days), the self-leveling floor mixture is primed.
9 . INSULATION AND FINISHING OF FACADES
This work can begin even before installing the windows. It is best to choose one of the facade insulation systems, which includes all the necessary materials and products. A fiberglass reinforcing mesh is attached on top of the foam or mineral wool slabs, on top of which thin-layer plaster is laid.
10. INSULATION OF THE ATTIC COVER
Installation of insulation of floor slabs can be carried out not only on the ceiling last floor, but also fit under it
If the attic will not be used, then a vapor barrier is laid on the ceiling of the last floor, then two layers of insulation (mineral wool boards or expanded polystyrene) with offset joints, and waterproofing on top of it. If you plan to use the attic as a useful attic space, above the insulation layer wooden joists arrange the floor from boards. At the same time, the roof and walls of the attic space are insulated.
11. TILING AND FIRST PAINTINGThe tiles are laid on a dry and leveled subfloor. using adhesives for interior works. Special compounds are used for jointing seams.
At the same time, you can begin laying tiles in the kitchen, bathrooms, pantries, garage, or paint the walls and ceilings for the first time.
12. INSTALLATION OF GA30- AND WATER SUPPLY PIPES
After the first painting, they begin to install water and gas supply pipes. Thanks to pre-arranged holes, installation takes place without dirt or dust.
13. FLOORS
After the subfloor has dried, you can lay it on it. ceramic tiles or parquet. In the latter case, it is necessary to check the humidity of the base with a special device, which should not exceed 3% when installing wooden floors. If the humidity is higher, you need to dry the base using construction thermal fans.
14. INTERIOR DOORS
Their turn is after laying the floors, but before the second painting. Previously, door frames were installed already at the stage of erecting partitions. Now that adjustable boxes have appeared, they can be installed even after painting the walls.
15. INSTALLATION OF DECOR AND SECOND PAINTINGMost often, modern homes are decorated with decorative cornices or ceiling moldings made of polystyrene foam, which are attached with special glue
The second painting of walls and ceilings begins after sanding and varnishing the floors, which are covered with film or cardboard, thus protecting them from contamination.
16. INSTALLATION OF PLUMBING AND LIGHTING
Finally, the installation of plumbing fixtures, kitchen equipment, boiler, fans, etc. is carried out. After checking the operation of all life support systems of the house, you can begin preparing the housewarming party.
17. WORK AROUND THE HOMEWhen paving slabs from natural stone better to lay on concrete base. For the coating to last a long time, the base must be perfectly level.
When the construction of the house is completed, they begin to arrange the local area, which includes creating a landscape, laying and paving paths, planting trees and bushes, installing lighting in the garden, as well as flower beds and ponds.
The colors of the facade of the house and the paving around it complement each other. To cover an open terrace, it is better to choose high-strength materials
The color of the joinery is selected in such a way that it harmonizes with the color scheme of the facade