Today, people who are keen on hunting try to have in their arsenal guns for a certain type of game. How to understand the abundance of weapons found on the shelves of hunting stores so as not to make a mistake in choosing the best?
In our country, the most common hunting is duck, hare and other small game. For this, of course, you need a universal gun, for example a double-barreled shotgun with vertically or horizontally paired smooth shotgun barrels. If necessary, you can also shoot special bullets from them.
“Verticals” appeared relatively recently. We can say that this is a new fashionable trend in the design of double-barreled hunting rifles. When firing from them, the field of view is much wider and there is less recoil compensation. Otherwise, they differ little from the horizontal ones, and what to choose is a matter of taste. The best among shotguns with vertically paired barrels, tested when shooting at , are the relatively inexpensive double-barreled shotguns of the German company Merkel, models Merkel-2000 and Merkel-2001. Since 2002, these shotguns have been manufactured with a reinforced chamber 76 mm long. Barrel length is 710-760 mm, caliber 12, 20, 28. They are produced either in a classic design, with two triggers, or with only one trigger working on two barrels, which is very convenient for doublet shooting, often used with duck and goose hunting. Price: $2750
These double-barreled guns have “brothers”, in which one barrel is a bullet with rifling, and the other is a shotgun, smooth. These are the Merkel 2010 and Merkel 2011 models. Such guns are called combination guns. For more accurate shooting, they are equipped with high-quality optics, as well as an accelerated, lightweight trigger of a rifled barrel. These guns are highly versatile and are suitable for almost any hunt. The range of an effective shot from a smooth barrel is 50-60 m, from a rifled barrel - up to 500 m. Weight is 3 kg, barrel length is 600 mm, caliber 12. The price of such guns, depending on the design and the presence of engraving, is $3000-4000.
Shotguns with horizontal barrels were made back in the Middle Ages - these are the oldest, traditional, classic weapons. Good representatives of these models are the Merkel-40 and Merkel-60 double-barreled shotguns. Their butts and fore-ends are made of expensive and beautiful walnut wood, making the weapon look very elegant. Available in 12, 16, 20, 28 gauges. Small caliber (20 and 28) shotguns are usually used for hunting squirrel, marten and sable. In the Merkel-60 model, the trigger mechanisms of the barrels, traditionally for expensive and prestigious weapons, are located on the side backing boards, which is very convenient for cleaning and lubrication. Price up to 10 thousand dollars
Gun Michelangelo"Luciano Bosiz"
Of course, the height of prestige and the owner’s calling card, demonstrating his high social position, is a hunting weapon from the Italian company Luciano Bosiz. These are classic double-barreled shotguns with horizontally positioned barrels, embodying the best traditions weapons production. Models weigh 2.7-3 kg, caliber 12 and 20; barrel length 680 mm. They are made using exclusive materials, precious metals, stones and jewelry from the world's best engravers. One of the signs of the exclusivity of the Queen and Country models is that their straight ( English type) the stocks are entirely made of high-grade walnut and do not even have butt plates. These guns are expensive, their price is 20-25 thousand dollars. You can certainly hunt successfully with them, but they are still more a work of art than a hunting weapon.
Browning Gold Fusion
Less versatile, but better suited for duck and goose hunting are repeating shotguns with automatic reloading. In Russia, the most popular of these models are “Browning-Gold-Fusion” and “Beretta-391-Urika”. Both of these guns allow the use of increased power cartridges, thanks to which shooters confidently shoot down ducks and geese at distances of 50-60 m. Weight is 3 kg, barrel length is 710 mm, caliber 12. Chamber length is 76 mm, the capacity of the under-barrel magazine is four cartridges. Price 1300-1500 dollars.
Weserby carbine
There are many hunters who enjoy accurate bullet shooting. Rifles and carbines are best suited for this. With high-precision and long-range rifles they hunt animals in the mountains or marmots in the endless expanses of fields. For mountain hunting, the best include carbines from the American company Weatherby, in particular the Weatherby-Mark-V-Ultra model, manufactured for a whole range of powerful rifled Magnum class cartridges, see.
Carbine Remington 700 BDL
For the so-called “varminting”, or hunting for marmots, which is carried out from a distance of 400-800 m, at Russian market The Remington-700 and Sako-75 carbines are presented. These rifles are produced under a very high-speed and accurate 5.6 mm caliber cartridge with a case length of 45 mm. Models weigh 3.6 kg, barrel length 660 mm. Price: $2500
These rifles do not have a traditional front and rear sight, because long-range shooting is carried out with the installation of an optical sight.
Often, depending on the type of hunting, it is necessary to use carbines of one caliber or another. And instead of buying several expensive rifles, you can buy one, but with interchangeable barrels. The Blazer-R-93 and Heim-SR-21 carbines have this ability to replace the barrel when hunting different game. Weight 3.2 kg, barrel length 577 mm. Price: $2200
Browning Bar 2
Some hunters don't like to jerk the bolt after each shot. They prefer self-loading carbines, one of the best representatives of which is the Browning Bar-2 model. Weight 3.5 kg, barrel length 510-600 mm, sighting range up to 800 m, magazine capacity four rounds.
Heim fitting 37V
However, the best and most versatile of all guns, suitable for hunting any game from duck to bear, are three- and four-barreled guns. They are presented on the Russian market by the old German company Heim.
The Heim 37V model is equipped with four barrels: two horizontal smooth 20 gauge (76 mm chamber), a lower rifled barrel 9.3x74 mm, a middle rifled barrel 223Rem.
The exclusive model of the double-barreled rifle "Heim-88" has rifled barrels of 12 mm caliber; powerful cartridges used in this weapon allow you to hunt elephant, buffalo, lion and even crocodile. The fitting has a rich panoramic engraving, and its price exceeds $40,000.
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The trigger double-barreled "horizontal" TOZ-B became the first model with external triggers, which was produced by one of the few large domestic arms enterprises, namely the Tula Arms Plant. In 1902, the first series of these weapons was released.
Starting from the mid-90s, the first smooth-bore modifications of the Saiga carbine appeared. The very first of these modifications was Saiga-410. This gun was created for a then little-known cartridge in Russia caliber .410 (inch American system caliber measurements). According to the metric system, the caliber of the new shotgun was 10.4 mm. For smooth-bore hunting weapons, there are many various types ammunition, and the .410 caliber is the smallest.
The first modification of the Bekas gun was developed in 1997 at the VPO Molot enterprise and chambered for 16-gauge cartridges. Subsequent modifications of this gun underwent a number of significant changes: the design of the feeder tray was changed, and the fuse was changed. The updated version of the gun was already produced in two calibers - 12 and 16. Currently, this pump-action shotgun is extremely popular throughout Russia and is used both for hunting and for citizens to protect their possessions.
MP-133 is a 12-gauge multi-shot smoothbore shotgun with a movable fore-end, reloaded by the shooter’s muscular strength. Simply put, it's a pump-action shotgun. This shotgun was developed at the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant, based on the IZH-81 model, and has been mass-produced since 2000. The purpose of releasing the gun was to introduce to the market an inexpensive and practical weapon intended for official use by law enforcement agencies and security companies, and by private individuals for the purposes of self-defense, sport shooting and hunting.
Remington 870 is a smoothbore shotgun created by the American company Remington Arms. The first guns of this system were released in 1950. Initially, this weapon was developed as a universal hunting rifle, however, after the appearance of many modifications, this pump-action shotgun began to be used for other purposes.
The MTs 21-12 smoothbore self-loading shotgun became a pioneer among those produced in the territory Soviet Union hunting semi-automatic devices. Work on its creation began in Tula, at the Central Design and Research Bureau of Sports and Hunting Weapons back in the late 50s, but actual mass production for various reasons began only in 1965.
Essentially, the Saiga-20 is a smooth-bore, long-barreled, multi-shot repeating rifle with a detachable magazine in various modifications, differing in design, barrel length, stock type and sighting options.
IZH-12 is a fairly old representative of Soviet hunting and sporting rifles; these weapons were produced from 1962 to 1974. This weapon is one of the first serial Soviet-made side-flip guns, and, perhaps, one of the best to this day, if we talk about mass-produced inexpensive domestic double-barreled over-shooters.
Hunting rifles, which have undergone many changes and transformations throughout the history of gunmaking in Russia, have several basic models that served as the basis for the modern variety of this type of weapon. The most famous were and remain about a dozen models, with which almost all gunsmiths began their hunting activities.
The easiest gun to use is single-barreled,
In the recent past, it was one of the most popular guns in our country. It is made without external triggers and has several variations, mainly differing in caliber.
The simplest gun with external hammers is, without any doubt, the Tula weapon under the TOZ-B brand; it was the most popular gun in the first half of the twentieth century.
On the basis of the previous gun, in 1957, they began to produce a gun,
it differed from its prototype by having barrels made of the strongest steel. This gun also had external hammers.
continued to popularize this type of weapon, with the only difference being that the latter had barrels covered with a special protective layer of chromium alloys.
Trigger guns are still produced today, therefore,
became a good replacement for all his predecessors, who had accumulated all the positive experience of the past.
The guns of the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant are considered to be of no less valuable quality. In addition to single-barreled ones, this plant produced many modifications of double-barreled shotguns, both with a smooth bore and with a rifled bore.
The most famous gun from this factory was
More than one generation of hunters grew up hunting with him. It was the first of the hammerless guns to be produced in large series.
Among amateur hunters and fishermen, a gun under the brand name has gained enormous popularity,
This easy-to-use weapon was extremely popular in the 60-80s of the last century.
This model was replaced by a modified and improved gun,
on a hunt with which you can still meet many shooting enthusiasts.
The most famous IzhMech gun was the vertical gun,
and then, on its basis created
Having these guns in your arsenal is considered prestigious for any hunter.
- a vertical that closes the top ten most popular shotguns in Russia. It is a competitor to the previous type of weapon, and has many fans.
Interest and passion for hunting is not caused by the desire to shoot game, but rather by the desire to shoot, track the prey and, if lucky, complete the process with a well-aimed shot. And in order for a well-aimed shot to take place, you need a good hunting rifle.
Division of guns by type of hunting
Types of hunting differ in two parameters - the type of terrain and the hunted animal. The division by area comes from the landscape - mountains, forest, steppe or pond, while the classification by animal occurs in this way - ungulates and birds.
Due to the difference in conditions for each individual type, a hunter needs to have in his arsenal several types of shotguns and carbines suitable for a specific type of shooting. For example, mountain ungulates do not allow you to get closer to them than 500-900 meters, therefore, they need a long-range carbine, but for hunting a goose or duck on a pond, an ordinary automatic rifle with a short range, such as IZH and MC, is also suitable. 
Weapons can be classified according to their cost as follows:
- Category 1 – cheap domestically produced models – IZH, MC – up to $500
- Category 2 - imported samples, equipped with additional equipment and adapted for hunting in various conditions - Zbrojovka Brno, Ceska Zbrojovka or Beretta, Benelli, Breda, etc. – from 1000 to 1500$
- Category 3 – expensive imported models from the best manufacturers – at least $5,000
- Category 4 – produced in limited quantities from expensive types of metal and wood – price from $10,000
In Russian hunting, only the first two categories of weapons are usually used, since buying a gun for over $2000 is an unaffordable luxury for an ordinary hunter. Often these are rifled barrels with a caliber of 7.62x51 or combined barrels with a radius of 7X7.57 or 8X7.57. Imported models are mostly equipped with ejectors; they are extremely rare on domestic versions.
The choice of a gun has a huge set of subtleties well known to the experienced hunter, but it will be really difficult for a beginner to find defects in both new and used weapons. To check the quality and reliability of all types and brands of products, there are several simple research methods that take up to 5 minutes per operation.
- Appropriateness. The accuracy and balance of a gun are directly dependent on its application. If the weapon does not return to the same point after being fired, this indicates its unsuitability. The bullets will fly in different directions, regardless of the aiming trajectory. If everything is fine with this factor, then the bullets will fly accurately.
- Weight. The ideal proportion is 1/22 of your weight. The heavier the trunk, the more difficult it will be to hunt during long walks around the territory. At the same time, too light specimens do not allow the use of powerful cartridges suitable for hunting large animals.
We treat the weight of the gun responsibly; after 2-3 kilometers of walking, it will definitely remind itself of itself in the form of serious fatigue for the shoulder and back.
- Trigger. The accuracy and speed of the shot depends on the impact of the firing pin; the more powerful the spring, the better the gun shoots. It's quite easy to check. When cocking the hammer, clear loud sounds should be heard.
Another method is to put a cartridge case on the firing pin and shoot; if it flies 0.5 meters or more, everything is fine.
Popular manufacturers of guns for hunting
In total, there are over 200 companies manufacturing hunting weapons in the world, among which there are significant manufacturers with a century-old history and excellent quality.
"Steyer-Manlicher", "Manlicher-Schönauer", "Franz Zodia" are famous Austrian manufacturers that have been producing products for 100 years or more.
“B8A”, “Webley and Scott”, “Cogswell-Harrison” are traditional English arms companies that entered the world market more than 150 years ago. 
“Breda”, “Beretta” (1526), “Franchi” (1868), “Antonio Zoli”, “Perazzi”, “Bernardelli”, “Gamba” are the most famous Italian manufacturers in the world, which began their activities in the distant Middle Ages.
"Remington", "Winchester" (1857), "Browning", "Marlin", "Sevage", "Ithaca", "Mossberg", "Stevens" - gunsmiths from the USA.
Zbrojovka Вгно and Uherky Вгоd are the largest Czech factories producing inexpensive but high-quality guns.
Rating of the TOP 5 best hunting rifles:
- Izh-27 (MR-27) - Russia
- TOZ-34 – Russia
- Zbrojovka Brno ZH 304 – Czech Republic
- Huglu 201 HRZ – Türkiye
- SKB 705S – Japan
Video review of the Izh-27 gun: