In order to organize a Wi-Fi network in a private home, you will, of course, need an Internet connection, and a Wi-Fi router itself, which will already distribute the Internet to all your devices. If, for example, we compare private house with an apartment, or some kind of office, then for the home you do not need a special router, or any other special equipment. The only difference is that, compared to an apartment, a private house is usually located outside the city, where it is not always possible to connect to regular cable Internet.
Therefore, if you decide to connect to the Internet via Wi-Fi in your private home, or via a network cable, then you first need to choose a method of connecting to the Internet, an operator (Internet provider), and then, for a specific connection, you need to select a Wi-Fi router. Well, private houses, as a rule, are much larger than ordinary apartments, and have several floors. Therefore, most likely you will need to install not only one Wi-Fi router, but also a Wi-Fi network repeater, or several routers. In order for the Wi-Fi network to cover the entire house and all floors. Near a private house, there is usually also a courtyard where you can bask in the sun. Therefore, for many it is important that the Internet via Wi-Fi also works in the yard near the house.
It is in these moments that we will try to understand in the article. Let's find out which Internet is better to connect to private house, which router to choose, how to install it and make sure that the Wi-Fi network works throughout the house. I think this is exactly what you need.
Let's divide the article into several sections:
- Connecting to the Internet in a private home: in the city, outside the city, or in the village. Selecting a connection method and Internet provider.
- Choosing a Wi-Fi router for distributing the Internet via wireless network in a private house.
- Strengthening the Wi-Fi network in the house. What to do if Wi-Fi is not available on all floors and in the courtyard.
You can go straight to the required section. For example, if you are already connected to the Internet, or you know which one to connect, then you can immediately proceed to choosing a router.
What kind of Internet to connect to a private house?
To connect your smartphones, tablets, laptops, and other devices to the Internet via Wi-Fi, you need to connect the Internet to the router that will distribute the wireless network. Therefore, the first thing you need to do is bring the Internet into the house. The most optimal Internet in terms of price/quality/speed is a regular Ethernet cable. Or, what else is there now, it seems that optical fiber is becoming a popular way to connect to the Internet. In the city, in an apartment, you can connect to such Internet without any problems. It is not expensive, and the speed is good.
If your home is located in the city, or even outside the city, then you definitely need to find out whether it is possible to connect cable Internet. You can ask your neighbors, perhaps they already have the Internet connected, and you can bring exactly the same one to your home. First of all, you need to find out which connection method is generally possible in your area.
Let's look at different connection technologies, starting with the most optimal:
- Ordinary cable internet(Ethernet), or optical fiber. You definitely need to find out if it is possible to extend such a cable into your home.
- ADSL internet. Connection via telephone line. If you have a landline phone, you can check with your operator to see if they provide an Internet connection in your area.
- Wireless 3G, 4G LTE internet via USB modem. In most cases, this is the only way to connect the Internet in a private home. Especially if your house is located in a village where there is no possibility of cable Internet. The Internet from a USB modem can also be distributed via Wi-Fi, everything works fine. You only need a special router. Let's look at this issue later in the article.
- InnerFeed and AirMax. For example, in Ukraine, the Intertelecom provider offers the service " Home Internet Wi-Fi." Honestly, I don’t know which providers provide such a connection in Russia and other countries. This type of connection is much better than via a USB modem. The speed is better, and most importantly more stable. And the tariffs are cheaper. Of the minuses: expensive equipment (antenna), and you need direct visibility with the tower. Therefore, the coverage is not very large yet.
- Satellite Internet for a private home. To be honest, I don't know much about it. I know that it is very expensive, difficult, and there is nothing good about it. Therefore, I will not consider it. Not the most popular connection.
It seems to me that 4G Internet now works better than, for example, ADSL. Here it's up to you to choose. Look at the tariffs and connection speed.
Most likely, you will connect 3G, 4G LTE Internet. Look at what the operators offer, what the tariffs and coverage are. It is advisable to choose the operator that has the best coverage in your area. If your area has a very poor 4G or even 3G signal, you will need to install a special antenna. But the operator whose services you want to use will already tell you this.
I think we have figured out the Internet connection in a private home. Your Internet provider may offer you a modem or Wi-Fi router that will distribute a wireless network. If they do not have such a service, or the proposed equipment does not suit you, then you will need to choose, buy and install a router yourself. We choose a router depending on the Internet that you have connected to your home. Well, don’t forget about the area over which you need to distribute the Wi-Fi network, and about the load that the router must withstand.
Choosing a Wi-Fi router for a private home
Routers are not divided into those for apartments, houses, offices, etc. The main thing is that the router supports a connection to the Internet, which is connected to your home.
If the Internet is via a USB modem
If you have Internet via a 3G/4G modem, then you definitely need a router that supports USB modems. If the router has a USB port, this does not mean that it can connect to the Internet via a modem and distribute it via Wi-Fi. On choosing a router that supports USB modems, I wrote in the article:.
Everything is very simple: connect the modem to the router, set the necessary parameters, and you're done. The router receives the Internet from the modem and distributes it via Wi-Fi and cable. It looks something like this:
You can also look at , and as an example.
If you have poor reception, your internet speed may be very slow. In this case, installing a special antenna can help. And be sure to configure the modem (antenna) for maximum reception, and only after configuration, connect it to the router.
If the Internet is via a regular cable (Ethernet), or ADSL
If you already have an ADSL modem, then you can buy a very ordinary router with a WAN RJ-45 connector, connect it to the modem, and it will distribute the Internet throughout the house. There are many routers that support telephone cable connection (WAN RJ-11 connector). Or, it would be more correct to say ADSL modems that can distribute Wi-Fi.
Well, if the most common network cable (RJ-45) is laid into the house from the provider, then you need a regular router. There are a lot of them on the market now. You can look at some models in the category. We also have instructions for setting up many routers from different manufacturers.
If you have a large house and you will connect many devices, then I advise you not to skimp on the router. Especially if you plan to watch online videos, play online games etc. Well, the coverage radius of a Wi-Fi network, to some extent, also depends on the power, and accordingly the price of the router.
What to do if Wi-Fi is not available throughout the house and in the yard?
And so, you have connected the Internet, installed a Wi-Fi router in your home, the Internet via a wireless network works, but as often happens, coverage is not available in all rooms. And in the case of a private house, Wi-Fi may not be available on other floors or in the courtyard near the house. Therefore, we need to somehow expand the range of the Wi-Fi network. You can do this in several ways:
- If there is still a signal in the necessary rooms, but it is very weak, then you can try to strengthen it without purchasing any devices. For example, by setting up a router, and other methods that I wrote about in the article. Or, . You already need to spend money on buying antennas. Also, I advise you to choose optimal location router.
- In my opinion, the best option is to buy and repeater installation. You can read what a repeater is. I recently wrote. The repeater will simply strengthen an existing Wi-Fi network.
- Can install another router. For example, on the second floor. If possible, it is best to connect the routers via a network cable, and the second . Also, routers can be connected via a wireless network, in repeater mode, or in WDS bridge mode. Here everything depends on the model and manufacturer of the router. You can read the article: .
- Internet via power grid in a private house. I'm not kidding :) Thanks to technology and special adapters, you can skip the Internet as usual electrical wiring, and connect to it from any outlet throughout the house. For example, you have a router on the ground floor. We plug a special PowerLine adapter into the socket next to it, to which we connect the Internet. And on the second and third floors, we install one more PowerLine adapter, to which you can connect devices via cable, or even via Wi-Fi. Or, install and connect one more router to them. There are a lot of options, and for a private home, this is an excellent solution. I already wrote about setting up such a scheme.
- If you need good Wi-Fi network coverage in the yard, then best option, this is the installation of an outdoor access point. Which is placed outside the house, connects to a router (modem), and provides excellent Wi-Fi coverage throughout the entire area near your home.
Let's sum it up
First, we find and determine for ourselves the most optimal way to connect to the Internet, which is available in the place where your home is located. If it is possible to run a cable, great. If not, then most likely you will have to connect 3G, 4G LTE Internet.
Once you decide on the connection method, you need to choose a router. The main thing is that it works with your Internet connection. Well, be guided by the size of your home, the number of devices, and the load that the router must withstand. For a large, private home, it is better to buy not the cheapest router model.
When you have everything set up, check whether the Wi-Fi network is available everywhere you need it. If you have problems with coverage, then read the tips above, choose the best option for yourself, and expand the coverage radius of your Wi-Fi network in your home and yard.
If you have any questions, ask in the comments. I will be happy to answer and try to help with advice. Best wishes!
Connecting electricity to a house or site can take a long time - a minimum of a month and a half, a maximum of up to two years. Although by law you must receive permission within 30 days from the date of application. The actual connection of a site or house to the power grid usually takes up to six months, although it can be done in a week and a half, or it can take several years. It all depends on the situation, and partly on your persistence.
How to obtain permission to connect electricity
The procedure is the same whether you want to connect a plot of land without a building or to build a permanent residence (private house) or temporary residence (dacha). First, find the address of the energy sales company in your area. It’s easier to do this on the Internet by writing “address of the energy sales campaign” in the search bar and adding the name of the area. There are situations when a site is located on the border of the service areas of two energy sales organizations. Then the application is submitted to the one whose pillar is closer.
A completed application and a package of documents are sent to the address found. In each region, the list of documents may differ slightly, but basically you will need:
- Application for connection (one of the forms and a sample filling are shown in the photo below).
- A photocopy of the passport, the details of which are indicated in the application.
- A copy of the certificate of ownership.
- Photocopy of TIN.
- A list of all energy-consuming devices that will be connected to the network, indicating their power.
- Load calculation.
- A scale plan of the site and the house, indicating the location of the nearest power poles. If there are pipelines on or near the site (gas, water supply, sewerage, etc.), they must be on the plan. On the house plan, indicate the places where electrical installations will be installed.
You can submit documents by mail or in person. If you decide to bring the application in person, go to the secretary's reception area, submit the completed application for connection in two copies with all the documents, on the second (it will remain with you) ask to put the date of acceptance of the documents. With this method of submission, you will definitely receive an answer within the legally required 30 days.
You can send your application by mail. In this case, you need to wait approximately 45 days, taking into account the time for mail delivery. If there is no answer, send the request again or go and submit it in person. This doesn’t happen often, but situations like this also occur: a letter was lost somewhere, sorted, etc.
The photo shows an example of a completed application. This is just one example, the forms change at least once or twice a year, so you will need to find the current type of form and fill it out.
What will be the answer
In a letter from Energosbyt you will receive two copies of the contract for connecting to the power grid, signed by representatives of the campaign, and the “Technical conditions for connection” (TU).
The contract specifies the period for supplying electricity to the site. The standard cost there is 6 months. This is the maximum period allotted by law for the completion of all work. In fact, the connection time greatly depends on the distance the pole is from the site. For urban conditions, “nearby” means within a distance of no more than 300 meters, for rural areas - less than 500 meters.
If the distance is within these limits, you can be connected faster - in a couple of months. If it’s far away, the period may be much longer than six months. Although after this period you can make claims. Regardless of when your site will be connected to electricity, start construction when it’s convenient for you.
Sometimes the contract contains vague wording without specifying a date. For example, this: “Connection of section No....will be made within 6 months, but subject to modernization or repair (construction) of the step-down transformer substation.” Having signed an agreement containing approximately the same or similar text, you can wait for years until the organization begins construction or modernization of the substation. Only after this, within 6 months, your site can be connected to the power grid.
How much does it cost to install electricity?
According to Resolution No. 129 adopted in 2011, if the power consumption is up to 15 kW, and the distance from the site to the nearest pole is 300 and 500 meters (depending on the type of settlement), the cost of connecting electricity will be 550 rubles.
If the load or distance is greater, the connection is at commercial prices, and these are completely different amounts. For example, in the Moscow and adjacent regions, for connecting 1 kW of power you need to pay from 10 thousand rubles. That is, if you need 16 kW, then it’s 160-200 tr. and more. At commercial rates, the connection fee is calculated even if the distance to the pole in rural areas exceeds 500 meters, and in urban areas - 300 meters.
Therefore, before purchasing a plot, it is advisable to find out where the nearest connected power pole is located. This determines how much money it will take to connect electricity to your house or property. Agree, 550 rubles and hundreds of thousands - the difference is more than noticeable.
Sometimes, even if you need 15 kW and the pole costs within the specified limits, you are told that some work must be paid separately. No one has the right to demand payment from you. Even if an increase in equipment capacity or network upgrade is required. If your requests fit into the conditions specified above, the cost of connecting electricity to a plot of land or a house will be 550 rubles.
What then
After the permit and technical conditions have been received, it is necessary to develop a project for the electrification of the site. In principle, but if the house is large, with utility rooms and technical premises, with electricity output to the installation area pumping station or a water supply pump, it is better to order a project from a specialized organization. And the best option is in the energy sales organization where you applied for connection. There will be much fewer problems with acceptance.
If you draw up the project yourself, it will need to be approved by the energy supply organization. If the requirements are met, they will approve it for you; if there are violations, they will indicate what needs to be changed. After making changes, you submit the project again for signature. Only having a completed signed project in hand can you begin to implement it.
To connect the Internet in the house you can use various options: cable Internet, wireless or finally satellite. Cable, that is, wired Internet will be available in those areas where communications are developed. Usually, at the moment, it is possible to install a wired connection in every apartment - as a rule, there are already several providers for each address. But in rural areas, in gardening partnerships and dacha cooperatives, this opportunity is still rare. Typically, users opt for 3G communications, although the signal is not always stable. But in this case, a minimum of equipment is required: just a mobile phone (or a 3G USB router). By the way, choose a suitable smartphone according to best prices in Ukraine you can visit http://technoportal.ua/mobile.html. Satellite Internet is no different in quality from cable Internet, but will cost a little more - although two-way satellite communication has now become available, the connection remains expensive due to expensive equipment. We have already written about what equipment is needed for satellite Internet communication and how much it will all cost in a previous article. Therefore, today we’ll talk about wired Internet: what equipment is needed and how to connect. Let us briefly recall other connection options.
In principle, it’s easy to set up wifi in an apartment if you have cable internet installed in the apartment. Therefore, we will consider the option of connecting to a wired Internet connection with further arrangement of wireless communication in an apartment or house.
Necessary equipment for cable Internet
The provider that provides you with the connection has everything necessary equipment to conduct, configure and test the connection. Here you need a copper twisted pair cable to bring the Internet to your apartment (or fiber optic cable). Modern technologies are developing rapidly, so GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) can be implemented by your operator. The essence of its work is that, in addition to the cable, a small box appears in your apartment, which allows you to connect to the network at a speed of 1 Gbit/s. This is despite the fact that usually this speed does not exceed 100Mbit/s.
So, the provider has extended a cable to you. This is a dedicated Internet line and, as a rule, the operator provides unlimited Internet use. This will be the best option for both home and office. An Ethernet cable from your provider can either go directly to your computer - then no additional devices or other equipment are needed. Or it can be connected first to a router that distributes wifi throughout the apartment, and only then via cable or wirelessly communicate with a PC and mobile devices. For the second option you will need to purchase wifi router and possibly a LAN cable and crimp it on both sides.
Why is this option with cable internet the best? The speed here is usually high and stable, the provider will offer you unlimited service for a relatively low fee. Thus, using a router, you can set up home wifi and simultaneously connect any mobile devices, TV, etc., watch videos online, connect to an Internet television service and watch channels in HD quality.
Mobile Internet
We are talking not only about 3G, but also about GPRS, EDGE. This option will be optimal for those who do not have Internet communications nearby, and there are also no other options such as telephone and television cables. For this option, you will need a special 3G USB modem, or a smartphone with a built-in modem will be enough (in fact, this function is available in any smartphone). The modem, just like the phone, has a place to install a SIM card, which also needs to be purchased. First, you need to choose a provider (study the proposed tariffs, and also do not forget to look at the signal coverage of your locality on the provider’s website). The mobile provider may have different equipment, so this is what determines the communication technology (GPRS, EDGE, 3G or HSDPA (4G)). So, for this type of Internet you need a router or smartphone, as well as a SIM card from your operator, a USB cable (but you can also connect via an infrared port or Bluetooth).
But this type of connection has its drawbacks. The main drawback is the instability of the signal. The speed may be high, but drop sharply due to automatic transition to another transmission technology. Typically the speed is 20-40 Kbps in GPRS, 100-236 Kbps in EDGE, 144 Kbps - 3.6 Mbps in 3G. But even if you are connected to 3G, there is no guarantee that this speed is 100% provided to you, because when the 3G signal disappears, you automatically switch to a lower EDGE speed. The same is true with 4G, where the speed can exceed 100 Mbit/s (and if you are also a landline subscriber, then 1 Gbit/s). It must be remembered that the speeds promised by the provider are just stated data. In fact, the data transfer speed through mobile internet very unstable and depends on many factors.
To access the Internet, there are several ways to connect it, which differ from each other, in fact, in the connection technology itself, tariffs for use, as well as technical characteristics that determine the speed of information transfer, the stability of the connection itself, response time, and other subtleties . As you can see, the quality of the Internet depends not only on the hardware capabilities of the computer or mobile device used, as some believe. The providers of this service - special organizations, the so-called providers - are responsible for the quality of the Internet connection itself.
But, about everything in more detail - we will consider below the most common methods of connecting to the Internet, their features, advantages and disadvantages.
1. Satellite Internet
2. Mobile Internet
The name itself speaks for itself. This is the Internet, which you can use wherever you are within the coverage area of your provider (mobile operator). There are two connection options: via a mobile phone or via a special modem. The latter can be connected to a smartphone, tablet or laptop via USB ports (miniUSB) as a separate small device. Manufacturers often equip some models of computer and mobile equipment with such a modem.
Almost all modern mobile phones have Internet access. Somewhat outdated models are connected using slow and at the same time expensive GPRS technology. And for more modern mobile devices - smartphones and tablets - mobile operators offer high-speed connection technologies that can provide access to the Internet wherever this operator has coverage. These are technologies such as: CDMA, WiMAX, LTE, UMTS. If the gadget is not equipped with a built-in modem that can support these technologies, almost all mobile operators can offer their own branded plug-in modem.
The data transfer speeds of these technologies can vary greatly depending on the user's location. However, special Internet signal amplifiers are now being produced that can increase this speed significantly.
3. Telephone connection (dialup)
This is by far one of the most common methods of connecting to the Internet in Russia, but far from the best. Used if a landline telephone is installed in the apartment. By connecting a computer or laptop via a wired modem to a telephone line, you gain access to the Internet. The phone will naturally be busy at this time, and it will not be possible to use it until the end of the Internet session. And this is not the only drawback of a telephone connection - for example, this method of Internet connection is one of the most expensive, and perhaps the slowest.
4. Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is one of the modern types of wireless communications. Almost all smartphones, tablets and laptops have a built-in special module that allows you to access the Internet while within the range of Wi-Fi access points (usually a range of about 100 m). The Wi-Fi module can also be purchased separately and connected to a PC either as a separate built-in card or as an external device connected via USB.
So far, this type of connection is not in widespread demand among Russian users, despite the fact that many, by connecting an Internet network cable to a router, could freely move around the house with a laptop, tablet or smartphone and use the Internet. In Russia, Wi-Fi is more of an additional feature for the service business. Users can (as a rule, completely free) have access to the Internet in various public places - at airports, train stations, cafes, hotels, gas stations, etc.
Wi-Fi technology itself is quite fast, but due to the fact that access points are usually overloaded, the final speed sometimes leaves much to be desired.
5. ADSL
ADSL is a special type of Internet connection via a telephone line, and Internet access does not interfere with the operation of the phone in any way. The quality of such a connection is an order of magnitude higher than with a regular telephone connection. It has a high information transfer speed and excellent stability.
6. Direct connection
This is the best way to connect to the Internet today. The user's computer is connected to the provider using a regular network cable. The advantages of this connection are its high speed, stability, reliability, and low cost. But this method, unfortunately, is available only in large populated areas - where the cable lines of local providers run.