Associated with the beaches of the Black Sea coast. Some may still remember the coast of the Azov Sea and mineral waters. But most non-local residents will find it difficult to remember which mineral resources of the Krasnodar Territory they know. Although more than sixty of them were discovered in the local depths.
Geological structure
Krasnodar region as a territorial unit Russian Federation formed in 1937. It is located in the southern part of the country. More than two thirds of the territory - the northern part - is occupied by flat terrain. One third - the southern one - is occupied by the foothills and mountains of the Greater Caucasus. This diversity of relief is the reason that more than two hundred mineral deposits are known in the region. The mineral resource map of the Krasnodar Territory shows the location of the main deposits.
Brief description of resources
As can be seen from the map above, the flat part is rich in blue fuel deposits. There are also some ore deposits here. But the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains, their western part, are the main place where the mineral resources of the Krasnodar Territory are located (oil and deposits of various building materials - limestone, gypsum, marl, sand and gravel). In addition, this is the main location of mercury ores. Rock salt and the most famous mineral waters of the Krasnodar region are also mined here.
Hydrocarbons
This territory is the first in Russia where production was drilled oil well. This happened back in the middle of the nineteenth century. Since then, other regions have taken the lead in oil production, but oil production is carried out in the local area even today, and new wells are regularly put into operation.
Currently, over one hundred and fifty oil and gas fields are known. Main deposits natural gas occur in the Azov-Kuban depression. stretched out in a chain along the foothills of the Greater Caucasus. The largest oil reserves were discovered in the Novodmitrovskoye field. In addition to production, oil is processed in the region at the corresponding plants in Tuapse and Krasnodar.
Construction materials
Various materials for the construction industry are the most diverse mineral resources of the Krasnodar region. The photo below shows what marble looks like when it is mined.
After all, there are its deposits not far from Sochi. Almost all of them lie along the foothill line. Marl deposits near Sochi are rich in cement raw materials. Granite and gravel are mined near Gyulkevichi and Kropotkin. Limestone is harvested near In the Krasnodar region, quartz sand is still being extracted for use in construction and molding sand for metallurgy.
Healing springs
The mineral resources of the Krasnodar Territory in terms of water mineralization are enormous. In terms of the presence of medicinal mineral waters, this territory surpasses any European analogues. Numerous springs rich in mineral water are concentrated here. Salty or bitter-salted are intended for the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and musculoskeletal system. The springs are located along the Black Sea coast, as well as in the Caucasian foothills. The Slavyano-Troitskoye field contains about thirty percent of all Russian reserves. In addition to the usual mineral springs, there are also thermal ones.
Ore minerals
The ore minerals of the Krasnodar region do not look so bright against the rest of the background. The Taman Peninsula is represented by ferromanganese ores. Iron ore (Malobambakskoye) and manganese ore (Labinskoye) deposits have been discovered along the river banks. The Labinskoye deposit in the foothills of the Caucasus turned out to be the richest in copper. Here, in the foothills, but more eastern, quite rare mercury ores are mined in four known deposits. Gold is also mined here, although in very small quantities.
Colored stones and more
The Krasnodar region has deposits of colored stones - a material for decoration. Two jasper sites and one jadeite source are being processed. In addition to colored ones, two places of deposits are also known facing stones. The layers of the only known, but very rich deposit of rock salt reach a total thickness of almost five hundred meters. Salt is not food grade, but is used to produce chlorine by electrolysis and produce evaporated salt. table salt. More than thirty deposits of seashells are also known, but only six of them are processed. This material is used in the form of feed meal.
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News
- 27.12.2017
The Rosneft company has begun exploratory drilling in the Western Black Sea area, the resources of which can reach six hundred million tons of oil and one hundred billion cubic meters of natural gas. The Russian company is implementing this project jointly with the Italian company Eni, under an agreement signed five years ago. Drilling of the first deep-water exploration and appraisal well “Maria-1” on the Black Sea shelf will be carried out using the Scarabeo 9 semi-submersible floating drilling rig. - 25.01.2015
On January 27, the Krasnodar State Historical and Archaeological Museum-Reserve opens the exhibition “ Stone Chronicle Kuban”, which geologists and paleontologists, professionals and amateurs, adults and children have been waiting for a long time. - 21.03.2014
Exhibition “Jewelry Salon – 2014” - a combination of exquisite style and brilliant solutions
The exposition of the Jewelry Salon exhibition will bring together the best jewelry houses, jewelry masters, suppliers and manufacturers of jewelry, accessories, costume jewelry, trade and display equipment, tools and consumables from all over the country. - 23.08.2013
“Golden offers” at the jewelry exhibition “GOLD OF THE SUMMER CAPITAL”
From August 3 to August 12, 2013, the exhibition pavilions near the Seaport of Sochi were filled with sparkle precious stones and metals – the city hosted the 7th specialized jewelry exhibition “GOLD OF THE SUMMER CAPITAL”. - 30.07.2013
The Zapadno-Akhtanizovsky site, located in the Temryuk district of the Krasnodar Territory, will be put up for auction again
The previous auction for the Zapadno-Akhtanizovskoye oil field was held in 2010, but there was no buyer for the site then. The next auction is scheduled by the Subsoil Use Administration for the Krasnodar Territory on August 29 - 15.03.2013
Rosneft received a license to explore a field in the Krasnodar region
Geological exploration of the Yuzhno-Kuchansky site, located in the Temryuk district of the Krasnodar Territory, will be carried out by the Rosneft company. - 07.09.2012
Results of the jewelry competition at the exhibition "Gold of the Summer Capital 2012"
At the 6th annual specialized jewelry exhibition "Gold of the Summer Capital" (Sochi) wide range More than 170 companies presented jewelry. - 05.09.2012
A medieval reservoir was discovered in Sochi
During the expedition, which took place on the territory of the Caucasus Biosphere Reserve, Sochi geologists discovered clay shafts presumably from the Middle Ages - 05.05.2012
Will sandy beaches remain in Anapa?
Local residents believe that sand mining near Anapa could harm the resort’s eclogue - 10.04.2012
In the Krasnodar Territory, the South-West Bank of Sberbank of Russia sold two coins for almost five million rubles
Two commemorative collectible coins with a total value of 4.6 million rubles were sold in the Krasnodar region.
General information
The region is located in the southwestern part of the North Caucasus, the 45th parallel divides it into approximately two equal parts. In the northeast, the region borders on the Rostov region, in the east - on the Stavropol Territory, in the south - on Abkhazia. From the northwest and southwest, the territory of the region is washed by the Azov and Black Seas. The total length of the region's borders is 1,540 km, of which 800 km by land and 740 km by sea.
The greatest length of the region from north to south is 327 km and from west to east - 360 km.
The Krasnodar Territory covers an area of 76 thousand square kilometers and is the southernmost region of Russia. More than five million people live in the region, including about 53% in cities and 47% in rural areas. The average population density is 66.6 people per 1 square kilometer.
The territory of the region was formed from part of the territories occupied before the revolution by the Kuban region and the Black Sea province. Two administrative units were united into the Kuban-Black Sea region, which in 1920 occupied an area of 105.5 thousand square kilometers. In 1924, the North Caucasus region was formed with its center in Rostov-on-Don; in 1934 it was divided into the Azov-Black Sea (center - Rostov-on-Don) and North Caucasus (center - Stavropol) regions.
The total land area in the region is 7546.6 thousand hectares. Distribution of land fund by land (thousand hectares): agricultural land, total - 4724.5; lands under surface water - 388.5; swamps - 183.8; land under forests and trees and shrubs - 1703.1; other lands - 548.6.
Mineral Resources:
More than 60 types of minerals have been discovered in the depths of the region. They mainly occur in foothills and mountainous areas. There are reserves of oil, natural gas, marl, iodide-bromine waters, marble, limestone, sandstone, gravel, quartz sand, iron and apatite ores, and rock salt. The largest Azov-Kuban basin of fresh groundwater in Europe is located on the territory of the region, which has significant reserves of thermal and mineral waters.
In the region there are more than 250 deposits of building materials (clay, sand, marl, limestone, etc.) under industrial development. The amount of reserves made it possible to maintain a high level of production for a long time.
The construction industry of the region is provided with the main mineral resources for a long period. At the same time, no sands suitable for the production of concrete and glass have been identified. There are no clay deposits for the production of sanitary products and fine ceramics, raw materials for production mineral wool, which are necessary for existing enterprises operating on imported raw materials.
More than 10 oil and gas fields are being developed in the region.
The level of gas production has stabilized and is about 2 billion m3 per year. Due to the introduction of measures aimed at increasing the level of associated gas utilization, the actual utilization rate of associated gases reached 96% in Krasnodarneftegaz JSC, and 98% in Termneft JSC.
The significant depletion of numerous oil and gas fields objectively does not allow increasing production, and the high exploration level (80%) of hydrocarbon resources causes a low increase in reserves.
During the development of deposits of building materials, from the beginning of operation, the area of disturbed land amounted to 3.31 thousand hectares, of which 2.14 thousand hectares were developed, incl. arable land -1.12 thousand hectares, only 1.16 thousand hectares have been reclaimed, incl. arable land - 0.45 thousand hectares.
Geological natural monuments:
Akhtanizovskaya Sopka (geomorphological, hydrogeological and tectonic types of federal rank) - in the Temryuk region. This is one of the highest active mud volcanoes in the region.
Karabetova Mountain (geomorphological, hydrogeological and tectonic types of federal rank) - in the Temryuk region. This is the largest active mud volcano in the region. Dirt leaks regularly. Liquid mud, of various gray shades, accumulates in a mud lake.
Cape Iron Horn (geomorphological, paleontological and mineralogical types of federal rank) - on the southern coast of the Taman Peninsula in the Temryuk region. It is composed of Neogene deposits. The rocks lie inclined and the ore layer extends into the sea, which is dangerous for shipping.
Lake Abrau (hydrogeological type of federal rank) - near Novorossiysk. It is fed by the Abrau River, several springs and temporary watercourses. It has no surface runoff; the influx of water is compensated by surface evaporation.
Flysch deposits (stratigraphic type of federal rank) - along almost the entire coastline from the city of Gelendzhik to the village. Dzhanhot. Here, a section of typical carbonate flysch of Cretaceous age is perfectly exposed, which is characterized by the occurrence of layers of various hieroglyphs of biogenic and mechanical origin on the lower surface.
Rock Parus (geomorphological type of federal rank) - in the Gelendzhik region. In this place, the flysch strata lie at an angle of almost 90 degrees. The process of weathering of the rock led to the formation of a remnant layer of light yellow sandstone 1 m thick, which is a lonely rock 30 m high and 25 m long.
Waterfalls on the river Teshebe (geomorphological type of federal rank) - on the border of the Gelendzhik and Tuapse regions. They are a cascade of waterfalls formed by a mountain river in a karst layer of light gray thick-slab limestone of Late Cretaceous age.
Kiselev Rock (geomorphological type of federal rank) - in the Tuapse region. A cliff about 40 m high descends steeply to the sea. It is composed of flysch strata of Upper Cretaceous age. The angle of incidence of the rocks is close to 90 degrees.
Guam Gorge (geomorphological type of federal rank) is a canyon in the Absheron region, which was cut through by the river. Kurdzhips in the strata of dolomitized limestones of the Upper Jurassic between the villages of Mezmay and Guamka. Thick layers are colored yellow, brown, red, white and black.
Big Azisht cave (geomorphological type of federal rank) - in the southern part of the Azish-Tau ridge. It is a cavity of complex configuration formed in dolomitized Oxford-Cambridge limestones by karst processes. The cavities are decorated with numerous large stalactites, stalagmites, aragonite deposits and calcite slabs.
Belorechenskoye deposit of barite (mineralogical type of federal rank) - near the village. Nickel. The geological structure of the deposit includes Lower and Middle Paleozoic mica gneisses, amphibolites, serpentinites and granitoids of Late Paleozoic age. The main minerals are: barite, calcite, fluorite, dolomite, ankerite, galena and sphalerite.
Canyon river Belaya near Khadzhokh station (geomorphological type of federal rank) is a unique relief element near the village. Kamennomostsky. R. Belaya washed a narrow gap in the massif of light gray limestones of Jurassic age - the Khadzhokh Gorge. The banks of the gorge are 35-40 m high; numerous niches and “cauldrons” have been washed out in them.
Fisht mountain group. (geomorphological type of federal rank) - peaks Fisht (2868 m), Oshten (2804 m) and Pshekha-Su (2744 m) within Adygea. Most of the massif is composed of heavily karstified Upper Jurassic reef limestones. The three westernmost glaciers of the Caucasus are located on the peaks. The deepest karst mine in the region, the Soaring Bird, is located on Mount Fisht.
Granite gorge river Belaya (geomorphological type of local significance) - on the territory of Adygea. The river cuts through the Dakhovskaya granite massif, composed of pink and gray medium- and coarse-grained Mesozoic granites, and forms a gorge with rapids and waterfalls 200 m deep and 4.2 km long.
Dakhovskaya cave (geomorphological type of federal rank) - on the territory of Adygea. This is a classic corridor-type cave. Its cavity has no branches and goes in one direction. Numerous finds in the cultural layer of the Paleolithic era were made in the cave.
Agur waterfalls (geomorphological type of federal rank) - in the outskirts of Sochi. It is a gorge in Upper Cretaceous limestones and dolomites, formed by the river. Agura with a cascade of picturesque waterfalls and beautiful vegetation on the slopes. There are only three waterfalls.
Vorontsovskaya cave system (geomorphological type of federal rank) - in the Khosta region, in the upper reaches of the river. Kudepsta. The most extensive karst cavity of the region is located in the heavily karstified limestones of the Upper Cretaceous. This group includes Vorontsovskaya, Labyrinthovaya and Dolgaya caves and the Kabany Proval mine. In the Vorontsovskaya Cave, a rich cultural layer of the Bronze Age was uncovered and the bones of a cave bear were collected.
Aleksky karst region (geomorphological type of federal rank) - on the right bank of the river. Eastern Khosta in the Sochi region. An array of 18 large karst cavities is composed of karst limestones of Upper Jurassic age. All underground cavities are flooded and form a large hydrogeological system.
Land resources:
The total land area in the region is 7546.6 thousand hectares. Distribution of land fund by land (thousand hectares): agricultural land, total - 4724.5; lands under surface water - 388.5; swamps - 183.8; land under forests and trees and shrubs - 1703.1; other lands - 548.6.
Two-thirds of the region's topography is occupied by plains. The soil cover in the region is represented by 108 types of soil: thick and super-deep chernozems, ordinary chernozems, gray forest, brown forest, sod-carbonate, brown, meadow-chernozem, meadow and others. On the Azov-Kuban plain, the largest plain, there are the most fertile chernozems in the country, which differ from the chernozems of other regions of Russia in the large thickness of the humus layer, often exceeding 120 cm.
Noteworthy is the systematic reduction in the area of perennial plantings. Over a seven-year period (1991-1998), on average, perennial plantings decreased annually by 3.9 thousand hectares, and over the last year - by 4.5 thousand hectares.
Among agricultural lands, a special place is occupied by irrigated lands, which are located on a total area of 453.4 thousand hectares, which is 6.0% of the total land area of the region. Irrigated lands are represented by engineered rice systems (235.1 thousand hectares), as well as large systems, where sprinkler systems are used (163.2 thousand hectares).
Drained lands in the region occupy only 24.1 thousand hectares, or 0.5% of the total area of agricultural land; of which arable land accounts for 19 thousand hectares, perennial plantings - 0.7 thousand hectares.
According to the state land cadastre, the quality of agricultural land and arable land in the region is the highest in Russia. However, studies carried out incompletely under the land monitoring program show that the state of the soil cover of the region has approached the line beyond which irreversible processes land degradation.
Over the past 25-30 years, the region has seen a steady trend of reduction in the area of arable land and perennial plantings due to increased groundwater, salinization, acidification and other processes of soil degradation. Soils are especially susceptible to water erosion processes. The area of the eroded pasha was about 270 thousand hectares. The area of land potentially dangerous for wind erosion processes in the region is 3189.1 thousand hectares, water erosion - 1246.5 thousand hectares. About 1 million hectares of land in the region are subject to deflation. Humus content in soils recent years fell to 3.9%. Due to loss of fertility and soil degradation, about 210 thousand hectares of arable land are subject to conservation.
The largest amount of disturbed land occurs during the development of mineral deposits and their processing - 2809 hectares, or 80% of the total area of disturbed land.
The soils are most contaminated with heavy metals, the share of the territory contaminated to the level of “moderately dangerous” was 32.7% of the total area of the region, “dangerous” - 5%, “extremely dangerous” - 2.1%. Oil pollution at the above levels amounted to 0.5%, 0.4%, 1.3%, respectively. The soil is contaminated with nitrates to the level of "moderately dangerous" on an area of 3.5% of the area of the region, "hazardous" - 0.6%. Soil leaching occurred to the “moderately dangerous” level on 9.1%, and to the “hazardous” level on 5.8% of the territory of the region. Soils are salinized to the level of “moderately dangerous” on an area of 5.3% of the territory of the region, to “dangerous” - by 2.1%, to “extremely dangerous” - by 1.4%.
The main pollutants are arsenic, mercury, phosphorus, lead, strontium, ytterbium, yttrium. The accumulation of pollutants occurs in the rice-growing areas of the Azov lowland, the Khadyzhensk oil-bearing province, the Belorechensk region, the upper reaches of the Psekups and Pshish rivers, in the Ubinskaya ore area (mercury), in the city of Big Sochi.
The leaching of elements from soils poses a certain environmental hazard. Intensive removal of zinc, lead, copper, and cobalt occurs in the floodplains of the Azov lowland, on the Black Sea coast and on the slopes of the Stavropol Upland. The soils along the line of oil fields in the foothills of the region are contaminated with petroleum products and phenols. Soils in areas with intensive livestock farming (Yeisky, Kushchevsky and other areas) are contaminated with nitrates. Intensive soil salinization occurs in the Azov lowland and in the Anapa region.
The pesticide load on agricultural land in general has decreased significantly.
Monitoring the content of radionuclides in the soil showed that their total beta activity is close to the background value.
Russian Civilization
Report on the topic: Mineral resources of the Krasnodar Territory Completed by: students of class 9 “A” Kharin B. Silyuta P. Ivanov N. Krymsk 2015
Mineral resources of the Krasnodar region More than 60 types of minerals have been discovered in the depths of the region. They mainly occur in foothill and mountainous areas. There are reserves of oil, natural gas, cement marl, iodine-bromine waters, marble, limestone, sandstone, gravel, quartz sand, iron, copper apatite and serpentinite ores, rock salt, mercury, gypsum, and a small amount of gold. Krasnodar region is the oldest oil-producing region in Russia. Oil production began in 1864. 2
Mineral and thermal waters of the Krasnodar Territory The Krasnodar Territory has large underground reserves used for both water supply and medical purposes. About 80% of the water used in the region's economy is water. In the Azov-Kuban artesian basin, 1,530 thousand cubic meters are extracted. m. of water, which also have other purposes. underground daily Otradnensky district is the leader in mineral water reserves. Geologists say that it is not inferior to the famous Mineralnye Vody Stavropol region Reserves of thermal waters have been explored in the Krasnodar Territory. There is experience in using them (heating houses, greenhouses) in Mostovsky, Labinsky and Belorechensky districts. Our region is famous for its reserves of iodine-bromine waters. At the largest (Troitsko-Slavyanskoye) field in 1994, production was 10 thousand cubic meters. m per day, 130 - 140 tons of iodine were produced, which accounted for 92% of all iodine produced in Russia. In addition, there are several deposits of medicinal mud, confined mainly to the Azov and Black Sea coasts with total reserves of 8.3 million cubic meters. m. 3
Mineral resources for the construction industry of the Krasnodar region Mineral resources for the construction industry are very widely represented in the region. Of the mineral deposits used in construction, the most famous are the marl deposits of Novorossiysk, on the basis of which cement and related products are produced. building materials, as well as gypsum in the area of the village of Psebay - the basis for the production of gypsum and plasterboard. The region has a small selection of ornamental stones (gray, pink and white gypsum, manifestations of selenite and marble onyx). There are known occurrences of marble (from pure white to variegated and black), listvenites (green and red), banded tuffs and liparites, garnet-actinolite and jade-like rocks, jasper (green and red). Currently, one deposit of gypsum for crafts and one deposit of jasper are being exploited. 4
Non-metallic minerals include apatites, phosphorites, barite, rock salt, and limestones. One deposit of phosphorites and apatites is registered in the region - Markopidzhskoe, located 35 km from the village. Psebai. Phosphorites and apatites are used in the chemical industry for the production of fertilizers. Barite (barium sulfate) is used in oil drilling and gas wells As a weighting agent for drilling fluids, it is also used in the rubber industry and for the manufacture of coated paper and photographic paper. The largest barite deposits are Belorechenskoye, Urushtenskoye, Malobambakskoye, Andryukovskoye, Mzymtinskoye and Aspidnoye. Currently they are not in use. Thick deposits of rock salt were found in the interfluve of the Belaya and Urupa rivers on an area of about 5000 square meters. km. The thickness of salt-bearing deposits averages from 300 to 400 m. In the area of the village. Shedok - from 1000 to 1200 m. This rock salt deposit is very promising. Its development is possible by underground leaching. With this extraction method, brines are obtained from rock salt, suitable for the production of chlorine, soda ash and table salt without pre-cleaning. The deposit is not yet being developed. The second salt deposit is located near Khan Lake. In the summer, table salt is added to special pools here. From each square meter of surface here you can get up to 30 kg of salt. Limestones are used for the needs of the chemical industry and sugar production. Only two explored deposits have balance reserves of more than 140 million tons. If necessary, limestone production can be significantly expanded. Non-metallic minerals of the Krasnodar region 5
Ore minerals of the Krasnodar Territory Gold has been mined in the Kuban territory for a long time. In the 40-50s of the last century, artisanal mining of placer gold was carried out mainly in the basins of the Bolshaya and Malaya Laba rivers. It is also found in the upper reaches of the rivers Pshekha, Urup, Sochi, Shakhe, etc. All gold deposits in the region are alluvial. No primary deposits have been identified. Over the entire period, 1291.1 kg of gold was mined. Currently, there is no official gold mining in the region. However, “wild miners” carry out artisanal mining at their own risk in the remote mountainous areas of the region. There are 4 mercury deposits in the region with reserves of about 2000 tons. At a certain period, 100% of domestic mercury was mined at the Sakhalin deposit (Seversky district). In 1994, the exploitation of this field was stopped due to low profitability. There are prospects for discovering new mercury deposits in the area of the village of Ilsky. Iron ore deposits discovered on the Taman Peninsula and in the interfluve of the Belaya and Malaya Laba rivers are of small thickness, so they are not developed. 6
Oil, gas, and peat production in the Krasnodar Territory 280 oil and gas fields have been identified on the territory of the region. Gas is concentrated mainly in the north of the flat part of the region; in the south and in the foothills, gas fields are replaced first by gas condensate, then by oil and gas condensate and oil fields. Oil and gas deposits are located in the thickness of sedimentary rocks and are located at depths from 700 to 5200 m. According to geological services, by 1995, 218 million tons of oil and 340 billion cubic meters were produced in the region. m of gas. Of more than 70 explored oil fields with a reserve of 41.8 million tons, 66 are in operation. The forecast estimate of oil reserves is approximately three times higher than the explored ones. 7
Extraction of oil, gas, peat in the Krasnodar region An example of one of the largest oil fields is Novodmitrievskoye (Seversky district): it has a length of approximately 10 km, a width of 2.5 km, and the thickness of oil-bearing rocks (oil-bearing level) is 450 m. Oil lies here at a depth of 2400 - 2800 m. More than 50 gas fields have been explored in the region, their reserves amount to 58.5 billion cubic meters. m, 40 fields are exploited with an annual production of 1.6 - 1.9 billion cubic meters. m, supply of reserves is about 30 years. The largest gas deposits are concentrated in the north of the region. The only deposit coal is Malolabinskoye with reserves of 10,183 thousand tons. The deposit has a complex geological structure, therefore, with existing mining methods, its development is unprofitable. Manifestations of low and medium quality oil shale were discovered in the area between the Bolshaya and Malaya Laba rivers. According to geologists' forecasts, shale reserves amount to 136.25 million tons. Peat deposits were discovered in the lower reaches of the Kuban (Grivenskoye), in the Novokubansky region along the river. Urup, as well as at the mouth of the Mzymta and Psou rivers on the Black Sea coast. The development of oil shale and peat deposits is also unprofitable due to their low energy value and small stocks. 8
The region has good prospects for further search for mineral resources: - search for oil and gas (modern deposits cover the internal needs of the region by no more than 20%) at depths of up to 6 thousand m and in the Black and Azov Seas; - the question of searching for primary gold deposits remains open; - it is important to search and develop deposits of glass and construction sands, clays for fine ceramics, fertilizers and ameliorants (soil quality improvers); - despite the generally good supply of groundwater in the region, some areas (Taman, the Black Sea coast) experience a shortage drinking water, which poses the task of identifying new groundwater reserves and rational use of already explored ones. 9