Cement mortar for plastering a stove proportions. Plastering a stove: how and with what to plaster a stove, recipes for mortars. Types and types of plaster for a stove

Plastering a stove is not as simple a task as it might seem at first glance. Due to constant temperature changes, an incorrectly applied finish will certainly crack or even come off in pieces. In order to plaster the stove correctly, you must first mix a suitable solution. Actually, the finishing procedure itself must be done in compliance with a certain technology. How to plaster a stove without cracking - we’ll talk about this later.

What is this for?

Finishing of stoves and fireplaces can be done using a variety of materials: tiles, artificial stone, heat-resistant drywall, etc. However, plaster has always been considered the optimal material in terms of price/quality ratio. This finish looks very neat. In addition, if the application technology is strictly followed, it can last for a very long time. Plaster for the stove allows you to:

level the surface of the masonry and make it beautiful;

increase thermal inertia.

In addition, the plaster also covers the seams in the masonry. And this, in turn, prevents the accumulation of household dust in them.

How to plaster a stove without cracking: traditional mortar

Most often, clay is not used to decorate fireplaces and stoves. This material is capable of maintaining its properties at temperatures above 100 o C. Like cement, clay for finishing stoves is mixed with sand. The latter is first thoroughly sifted through a fine sieve. The amount of sand required to prepare a high-quality mixture of sand depends primarily on the fat content of the clay. The higher this indicator, the more plastic the mixture. And therefore, the more sand should be added to it. If it is deficient, the mixture will certainly crack after drying.

Typically, the ratio of fatty clay and sand in plaster mortar for stoves is 1:3 or 1:4. To strengthen the composition, you need to add straw or hemp to it. Plastering a clay oven with high quality can also be done if a little fiberglass (0.2%) is mixed into the solution. In any case, the mixture should be diluted in such a way that it is as homogeneous as possible. The clay itself must first be soaked for at least 3 days.

Other types of solutions

When answering the question of how to properly plaster a stove so that it does not crack, you should think about using other options for heat-resistant mixtures. The method of preparing the solution discussed above is far from the only one. There are many recipes for such plasters. If desired, you can make a heat-resistant solution, for example, by mixing:

clay, sand and cement in proportions 1:2:1 with the addition of 1% asbestos;

gypsum, lime and sand in a ratio of 1:2:1 plus 2% fiberglass;

clay, sand and lime in a ratio of 1:2:1 with the addition of 2% asbestos.

Purchased heat-resistant mixtures

Ready-made stove plaster can also be used for finishing. There are many varieties of such mixtures. But the most popular are “Pechnik” and “Terracotta”. The advantage of such plasters in comparison with those prepared by hand is a high degree of heat resistance. “Pechnik” and “Terracotta” are able to withstand temperatures up to 200 degrees.

Whatever mixture is used for plastering the stove, purchased or homemade, there is no need to prepare a large amount of it at once. The volume of a single serving should not exceed 8-10 liters. In any case, the solution needs to be developed in a maximum of 2-2.5 hours.

Fiberglass mesh for plaster as additional reinforcement

In order for the mortar to remain on the stove as firmly as possible in the future, it is not enough to use reinforcing additives in the form of straw or tow. When finishing, you should also use a special fiberglass mesh. This material can be purchased today in almost any construction supermarket.

Fiberglass plaster mesh is very inexpensive - about 30 rubles per 1 m 2. The finish lasts much longer when used on the stove. Instead of fiberglass for reinforcing the solution, you can use metal mesh.

Preparatory activities

Before you start plastering the stove itself, its surface should be thoroughly cleaned. Under no circumstances should the solution be applied to smoked or dusty bricks. Otherwise, he won’t last long in the future. After cleaning, the stove should be heated. But there is no need to put too much firewood or coal into the firebox. It can also be applied to fireplaces only on warm surfaces.

It is impossible to finish the stove immediately after finishing its laying. You need to wait at least two weeks. The masonry must be thoroughly hardened before plastering.

Before you start applying the mortar, among other things, you should select 10 mm seams between the bricks. In this case, the heat-resistant mixture for plastering stoves will adhere to the surface better. You also need to drive small nails into the masonry, on which you will subsequently stretch

What tools will you need?

Before you start plastering the stove, among other things, you should prepare:

solution container;

• sandpaper for grouting;

  broom or brush;

  bucket of water;

  construction level.

Plastering technology

Well, the preparatory measures have been completed and the tools are ready. Now let's see how to plaster a stove. To prevent the applied mixture from cracking and crumbling, this work must be done correctly. Plastering is usually carried out in several stages. The surface of the oven is first wetted with clean warm water. You can moisten it with a regular broom. Then the following are executed:

spraying solution;

padding;

cover.

Spraying the mixture

The first layer of plaster is necessary to level the surface of the stove. Spraying, as the name suggests, is done using the same broom or brush. The thickness of this layer should ultimately be 3-5 mm. After the spray is leveled, you need to stretch the pre-cut fiberglass mesh on the surface of the furnace, lightly pressing it into the solution.

Padding

The second layer of plaster can be applied after the first has dried. Its thickness should also be 3-5 mm. The primer layer should be leveled and rubbed down as thoroughly as possible. In this case, the spray, since it will dry quickly in a hot oven, needs to be moistened periodically. The solution for the primer layer should be used slightly more liquid than for the first one.

Covering

The last layer of plaster is necessary in order to completely level the surface of the stove. The primer needs to be moistened quite generously before applying it. In this case, the solution should be used even less thick than for the first two layers. The mixture should fill absolutely all cracks and irregularities remaining on the surface. The thickness of the covering layer can be from 2 to 5 mm. It is impossible to level the stove in planes with plaster. Ultimately, the total thickness of the finishing layer should be no more than 1-1.5 cm. When laying out brick stoves for your home with your own hands, this should be kept in mind. When performing this work, you should initially try to make the walls as even as possible.

How to properly plaster corners

To make the stove look neat, carefully leveling the surface of the plaster is not enough. In addition, you will need to decorate the corners beautifully. To make them as neat as possible, it is worth using leveling slats. After the solution has dried, they should simply be removed. Instead of slats, you can also take an aluminum profile designed for attaching drywall. It is fixed to the stove using mortar and plastered flush. Of course, both the slats and the profile should be set using

Furnace painting

So, now you know how to plaster a stove so it doesn’t crack. Of course, after the applied solution has dried, its surface must also be whitened. It is best to use a milk-chalk mixture for this purpose. This whitewash tolerates temperature changes well and also does not get dirty. In order to prepare it, you just need to mix 1 kg of crushed chalk with 2 liters of milk. You can also paint the stove with regular lime. This finish will also not deteriorate due to high temperatures. In order for the lime to stick better to a hot surface, you can add a little table salt (35 g per 1 kg).

Paint stoves and fireplaces using oil paint it is forbidden. The drying oil contained in such paints will begin to evaporate at high temperatures, and an unpleasant odor will appear in the room.

Instead of a conclusion

Today, many people build houses with their own hands. A description of the technology for assembling such structures, as well as their drawings and diagrams can be easily found in specialized literature. However, laying out a stove or fireplace correctly is only half the battle. Plaster on the surface of heating equipment of this type also needs to be applied, adhering to the required technology. Otherwise, the stove or fireplace will not perform its functions effectively. And they are unlikely to fit harmoniously into the interior of even a modest country house.

Electrical and gas heating has entered almost every home, but many owners of dachas and country mansions still prefer brick stoves.

Stucco-lined stove

This is explained by the economical operation, environmental friendliness of the fuel and the special atmosphere of home comfort to which we all gravitate.

We will talk in detail about what plastering of a brick oven should be like and how to do it correctly in this article.
Let's start with why plaster is needed in the first place.

Many stove owners during operation are faced with such an unpleasant fact as cracking of the wall, which leads to damage to it. technical properties and may cause carbon monoxide to enter the room.

This happens not so much from time, but rather from a violation of the plastering technology and an incorrectly prepared composition of the finishing mixture.

Lack of lining will lead to cracking

Whatever plaster option you choose, it must meet certain technological standards.

In addition, an unlined stove does not look aesthetically pleasing, and the process of caring for it is difficult. If you do not plaster the stove, then after a while dust, soot, grease, etc. will clog into the seams and folds between the bricks.

Also, an unplastered stove can absorb unpleasant odors, which will then be difficult to remove.

Plaster improves the condition of the stove

What are the requirements for plaster for stoves?

1. Adhesion.
2. Heat resistance.
3. A normal reaction to the expansion of walls during heating of the stove.

The advantages of lining the stove with plaster include:

The only drawback of such facing work is cracking, but this can be avoided if you strictly follow all technological norms and rules when performing plastering work.

What can cause cracking? There are several options:

• Poor composition of the solution.
• Incorrect technology of facing work.
• Improper priming and preparation of the oven surface.

Types of mortar for plastering ovens

The main requirement for the solution is the ability to withstand sudden temperature changes.

There are several options for plaster mixtures that you can prepare yourself:

To prepare a simple mortar, we need clay, river sand, water and crushed fiberglass, which adds strength to the plaster.

We take 1 part of medium-fat clay, 2 parts of high-quality sifted river sand and 1/10 part of crushed fiber.

The quality of the solution is greatly influenced by clay, which can be thin or oily. The degree of fat content of the clay can be varied in the mixture by adding or reducing sand. For oily clay, you can increase the amount of sand to 4 parts per part clay.

Video: preparing a clay mixture for plastering a stove

Some stove makers prefer to add crushed straw or hemp to the plaster rather than asbestos fiber (fiberglass), citing the environmental friendliness of the material. However, natural components do not impart as much strength to the solution as fiberglass.

Asbestos fiber

To prepare a complex solution you will need:

2 parts slaked lime.

1 part building plaster.

1 part finely sifted river sand.

0.2 parts fiberglass (or asbestos).

Working with gypsum-lime mortar will not be easy for a beginner, since gypsum hardens very quickly. Already 30-40 minutes after preparing the mixture, such a solution is almost impossible to apply to the wall of the oven, so it is better to prepare it in portions.

Basic rules for applying plaster to a stove

And although facing work is not a tricky business, you still need to take into account the basic rules that will help you successfully complete the task.

Plastering a brick oven with your own hands: step-by-step instructions

Before you start finishing works To line the stove with plaster, you need to prepare the following materials and tools:

Plastering tools

• Medium spatula - for scooping up the solution.
• Wide spatula - for spreading the plaster over the surface.
• A hammer will be needed to reinforce the wall.
• A grater helps distribute the solution and smooth the surface.
• Chisel.
• Smoothing - allows you to bring the surface to a perfectly smooth coating.
• Brush – will help give the surface a textured pattern.
• Corner aligner.
• Metal brush for cleaning the surface.
• Construction rule.
• Construction level and plumb line.

Step 1. Preparatory work

It is recommended to carry out the work of plastering the stove no less than 2-3 weeks after the complete completion of the stove laying. It should dry well and the masonry mortar should completely harden. If you rush and start facing work ahead of time, then after 2-3 lightings of the stove, cracks may appear on the decorative layer.

To apply the solution evenly, it is necessary to carefully prepare the oven wall.

Advice. To clean the walls, use only a dry cloth, as a wet one may leave dirty stains that will appear through the layer of plaster.

Step 2. Preparing the mixture

You can choose any mixture for plastering the stove: ready-made store-bought or do it yourself.

To prepare the solution with my own hands, combine in a bucket required quantity dry ingredients and only then add water. Using a construction mixer, you need to knead the solution well.

How to prepare lime mortar?

• If you use a clay-lime mortar, the lime must first be slaked.

To do this, pour lump lime into a metal bucket and fill it with water. Do all work outside. After a day, drain the cooled solution, and pass the slurry, which has settled as sediment at the bottom, through a wide sieve to remove all undissolved lumps.

Preparation of the solution

• Soak the clay in water for 4-5 days. After it turns into a paste, you need to pass it through a wide sieve to filter out all the lumps and excess debris.
• Add 0.2 parts of asbestos or fiberglass.
• Thoroughly knead the mixture with a construction mixer or a drill with an attachment. The consistency of the solution should be plastic, without lumps and resemble sour cream.

Step 3. Plaster application process

There are two ways to plaster the surface of the stove. It all depends on the condition of the walls.

First way

• If the walls are not level and a reinforcing mesh is installed on them, it is necessary to attach guide beacons that will serve as a guide for the correct application of the solution. We set the beacons to the building level and check their verticality with a plumb line.

  

  Plastering on beacons

• Heat the stove well and wait until the fuel burns out completely.
• Apply water to the hot surface of the walls with a large brush. You can use a roller for this. This will remove any remaining dust.
• Apply the primer and wait until it sets well. If you skip this step, there will be poor adhesion between the wall and the plaster, which can lead to peeling in the future.
• Apply the first layer of plaster 5 mm thick. We apply it in sketches, as if spraying it all over the wall. The task of this stage of work is the deep penetration of the mortar into the seams between the bricks, which were previously buried.
• Let the solution dry well.

  

  Application technique

• Now carefully apply the second layer of solution. At the same time, we make sure that it extends 9-10 mm beyond the beacons. Movements should be made from bottom to top. Immediately level the mortar using construction rules.
• Slowly move along the entire wall, applying plaster from the bottom of the wall to the top and leveling it with the rule.
• When it comes to the corners, use a corner spatula.

  

  You can stick a metal profile on the corners

  It's better to round the corners a little. Firstly, this will ensure the safety of the residents of the house, especially children. And secondly, there is less chance of the corner chipping during operation.

• Now you need to sand the surface of the wall while it is still wet and yielding.

Advice. To prevent cracks from appearing on the walls during operation of the stove, throw damp burlap over them. Once the fabric is dry, wet it again and throw it over the wall again until completely dry.

• The third layer will be decorative. For this you need to prepare a more liquid solution. If you still have a lot of ready-made solution left, add a little water to it. It will help to perfectly level the entire surface of the wall and sand it.
• The plaster is applied in a thin layer of 1 mm. If you do not plan to whitewash the stove or coat the paint, then you don’t have to apply this last layer.

Second way

This option should be used if the surface of the walls is very uneven and you had to attach a metal mesh to the stove.

Reinforcement

Step 4. Decorative work

Of course, plaster itself can act as a facing material, but to make it more decorative, the stove can be decorated.

For this you can use the elements ceramic tiles, laying it out as an ornament, or you can whitewash a plastered wall.

Decorating a plastered stove

An excellent way to beautifully decorate a wall is to apply a design to a plastered surface. It all depends on creativity and skill.

For this part of the work you will need a brush and plastic wrap.

Apply a thin layer of liquid plaster.

Drawing using polyethylene

Using polyethylene rolled into a ball or a paper ball, we make a drawing in any shape, slightly pressing the shape into the layer. We are waiting for it to dry completely.

To make it easier for you to master facing the furnace using plaster, we suggest watching a training video before starting work.

How to properly apply plaster on a stove - training video

The times have come when traditional stoves began to seem like a dense relic of the past, because the total gasification of private housing has practically replaced alternative fuel. Over the years, they have undergone virtually no special changes in decoration, since new materials have not actually been developed.

This, of course, is in vain, since the stove is a fairly reliable source of heat that does not suffer from interruptions in the supply of gas, electricity, diesel fuel or pellets. It’s enough just to make a timely supply of firewood and coal, so the services of stove makers will most likely be in price again. In the article below we will try to reveal one of the secrets of what a solution for plastering stoves should be.

This question will inevitably arise when building a new one or repairing an old one. heating device. Agree, the finishing conditions will be akin to extreme, since it will have to periodically heat up very much and then cool down. Not every modern mixture can withstand this.

In addition, you should not lose sight of the environmental friendliness of the plaster, so that toxic substances do not enter the room when heated. It must also be elastic and have good thermal conductivity. The price of the finished mixture is very, very low.

Why plaster the stove?

The question is far from idle, since during manufacturing they try to make it durable and airtight.

And yet, it is almost impossible to come across an unplastered stove, why:

1. Usage finishing material will allow you to decorate the interior of the room and improve appearance structures.
2. Clay mortar for stove plaster, used in the form of plaster, is a safety layer that allows you to make the stove masonry stronger and more airtight. This is due to objective reasons. Because temperature changes cause the masonry to crack, which can cause smoke to enter the room. This is a negative factor not only for the interior, but also for health.

If you look at the shelves of hardware stores, the price of many heat-resistant modern materials superior to those traditionally used based on clay.

For example, you can use a clay-sand mortar with the addition of lime or cement; a mortar made from lime and gypsum is also suitable. But most often they try to use clay-based mixtures.

Advice: start plastering brickwork only after it has completely hardened, then shrinkage will not affect the result. Usually 30 days are enough.

Know that when you prepare a solution for plastering a stove, the proportions between the components of the clay-sand mixture depend on the fat content of the main parameter, the clay. For example, if it is oily, you need to add 4 parts sand to 1 part clay.

Tip: fiberglass or asbestos, which must be added to the finished mixture, will help increase the strength of the plaster mortar.

If you need to prepare a solution for plastering a chimney, be aware that it must contain slaked lime. Otherwise, it will fall off the brickwork due to condensation.

Kiln plastering technology

Below are ready-made instructions for action:

Preparation

1. The surface of the brickwork should be prepared by cleaning it from dirt and mortar residues (), as well as dust (with a soft brush).

Tip: clear the seams between the bricks to a depth of 5-10 mm so that the plaster adheres better to the base.

1. Drive nails (l=40-50 mm) into the joints in increments of up to 150 mm. They should protrude approximately 10 mm outward.
2. Don’t be lazy, treat the surface of the masonry with a primer.
3. A fiberglass mesh will also help you create a rough surface and give strength to the solution. Attach it to the masonry with a liquid mixture.

Advice: plaster only hot walls.

Process

1. Wet the brickwork with water. Apply the plaster solution in layers.
2. Make the first layer liquid, the consistency of sour cream.
3. Apply the second one after the first one has hardened, its thickness is up to 10 mm. Wait for it to set.
4. Level the surface. To do this, wait until the solution sets and rub all the unevenness on it, after moistening it with water.

Advice: open up the cracks that appear after drying, moisten them with water, fill them with mortar and, after drying, rub them in place.

Requirements for the solution

It must have special characteristics that differ significantly from traditional cement-sand mortars used for finishing houses. This is due to the conditions of her work - stove masonry expands when heated, so it is extremely important that the finished mixture is elastic.

The second parameter is good thermal conductivity of the material, so that the stove can quickly warm up the room.

For this purpose, various components are added to the solution:

• clay;
• asbestos;
• fireclay;
• salt;
• fiberglass.

Simple clay and complex solutions based on it can be used. They can be purchased at a hardware store or made by yourself.

Mixtures for plastering ovens

What mortar to plaster the stove with is a serious question, since a lot depends on it. The components in the solution may have different ratios to each other depending on the fat content of the clay.

Its fat content is diluted with sand, respectively, the higher this parameter, the more sand will be needed. When mixing, the dry components are first combined with each other, to which clay or lime is then added.

Tip: add 200 g of salt to a bucket of clay-sand mortar to increase its strength.

Below are recipes on how to prepare a solution for plastering a stove yourself:

1. First composition of the mortar for plastering stoves, which is often used for plastering stove surfaces: 1: 1: 1/10: 2 (clay, lime, asbestos and sand). The components of the mixture must be thoroughly mixed together, it should be brought to the desired condition with water, which must be gradually added to the container.

1. Second method: 2:1:1 (sand, clay, cement M400 or M500). First, mix the clay with water to form a thick dough. Then add asbestos, cement and water to the solution, mix thoroughly. The thickness of the mixture should resemble thick sour cream. The disadvantage is that it takes 60 minutes to produce the solution.

Before you make a solution for plastering a stove, you must understand that any composition contains water and a binder, which can be alone or mixed with other components, in particular, lime and cement. When using high-strength gypsum mortar, remember that it sets within 6 minutes, and after 30 minutes it is unusable.

Conclusion

The finished mixture for plastering stoves must have special characteristics, in particular, be elastic. When preparing a solution from the recipes indicated above, or from store-bought mixtures, this must be taken into account.

A correctly prepared solution is applied evenly and easily to the surface, and can also be smoothed over without any problems. Keep an eye on the viscosity, which is adjusted with water; do not exceed the amount of sand, otherwise the plasticity of the solution will suffer. In the video presented in this article you will find additional information on this topic.

Stone and brick stoves are plastered to prepare them for decorative cladding. This is also necessary to increase the tightness of the masonry. The success of finishing work depends on the competent selection and preparation of materials. This article will tell you what is the best solution for plastering a stove and how to make it.

Which material is better

The plaster composition for the stove must meet certain requirements. General construction cement-sand mixture is not suitable for preparatory lining of heating equipment:

1. When the oven heats up, the material with which it is plastered expands. The cement mixture is not elastic. Therefore, at high temperatures it will begin to crack. Full information You can find out about the composition and characteristics of cement.
2. Some additives used to improve the characteristics of cement mortar release toxic substances when heated.
3. In order for the stove to quickly and efficiently heat the home, its preparatory lining must have sufficient thermal conductivity. For pure cement it is too low.

The best solution for plastering stove walls is a clay-based mixture. This composition can be simple or complex. You can make the solution yourself or purchase ready-made dry mixture in bags on the construction market.

To increase thermal conductivity and resistance to high temperatures, the following ingredients are added to the plaster composition:

• fire-clay;
• asbestos fibers;
• fireclay;
• glass fiber;
• table salt.

The optimal composition for cladding should have the following qualities in hardened form:

• environmentally friendly, it should not contain synthetic and toxic substances;
• resistance to high temperatures, not chipping or cracking;
• high thermal conductivity.

Mixture composition

The main quality of the preparatory facing layer for the furnace is its resistance to temperature changes.

It must withstand regular heating and cooling without deterioration of the structure. Therefore, stove plaster has special requirements for quality and components.

There are many types of solutions that can be used to line a home heating device. A simple mixture is often used. It consists of clay of varying fat content and river quartz sand. This solution can be easily mixed with your own hands and applied to the stove.

There are also complex mixtures, they can consist of the following components:

• gypsum and lime;
• clay, sand and cement;
• sand, clay and lime;
• gypsum, lime, sand and fiberglass;
• sand, gypsum, lime and asbestos.

Proportions of materials

You can plaster a brick stove 30 days after it is built. This pause is necessary for the masonry mortar to completely harden and for the structure to shrink. Read how to make lime-based plaster yourself. If you start plastering work earlier, the period of operation of the finish will decrease and there will be a risk that the plaster will begin to crack and peel off.

A correctly mixed clay mixture will guarantee that the heating structure will be reliable and last a long time. To make a high-quality solution for plastering a stove, its proportions must be strictly observed. Here they are:

• ordinary or refractory clay - 1 volume fraction;
• river quartz sand - 2 parts;
• asbestos or glass fiber - 0.1 share.

The proportions of the mixture depend on the fat content of the clay. Once soaked, this material must have sufficient viscosity for easy application to the substrate. When the clay is very oily, then not two, but three or four volume fractions of sand should be added to the solution.

Particular attention should be paid to the reinforcing components of the mixture. Asbestos or crushed glass fiber will strengthen the plaster, so it must be included in its composition. Some experts add chopped straw or chopped hemp to the mixture. Their environmental friendliness is beyond doubt. Whereas asbestos is dangerous to health under certain conditions.

In addition to the simple mixture, complex analogues are made based on clay with the following proportions:

1. Portland cement M-400, ordinary or refractory clay - 1 share, quartz sand - 2 parts, fiberglass or asbestos - 0.1 share.
2. Slaked lime, clay - 1 share, sand - 2 parts, fiberglass or asbestos - 0.1 share.

In addition to clay and Portland cement, gypsum and lime are used for plastering stoves. The most common recipe for a mixture based on them:

• slaked lime - 2 volume fractions;
• construction separated gypsum - 1 part;
• river quartz sand - 1 share;
• glass or asbestos fiber, chopped straw, hemp - 0.2 parts.

When mixing the solution, it is important to remember that the gypsum sets instantly. This happens in 5-7 minutes; after half an hour the material has completely hardened. Therefore, you need to work quickly with gypsum mortar. The instant hardening of gypsum turns it into an optimal additive for lime-based mixtures, increasing the strength of the plaster.

Do-it-yourself solution for plastering a stove: step-by-step instructions

The technology for preparing the plaster mixture yourself depends on its composition and proportions.

Clay mortar

First of all, select the clay itself. For lining stoves, the best choice would be a yellow, not very greasy material.

1. There should be no foreign inclusions in the clay - debris and stones. Therefore, grind it and sift through a fine-mesh steel mesh.
2. Next, pour the clay into a suitable container and fill it with water. The material will be saturated with it and become homogeneous. The acidification time for clay is about a day.
3. Prepare river quartz sand - dry it and then sift through a fine sieve.
4. Carefully extinguish the lime. To do this, place it in a suitable container and fill it with water. By the time the solution is prepared, the chemical reaction should completely stop.
5. Place sand, lime, clay and asbestos fiber in a suitable container in a ratio of 2:1:1:0.2. Mix the dry mixture well.
6. Then fill the solution with water. Stir it until the consistency is similar to sour cream.
7. After this, check the quality of the resulting material. To do this, dip a wooden strip into the solution. If there is a layer of solution on the stick of less than two millimeters, add a little sand to the material. If the layer thickness is greater than the specified figure, add clay to the container.

To increase the quality of the mixture, it should be prepared not by hand, but using an electric drill with a mixer attachment. This way the solution will be homogeneous, without any unmixed areas.

Cement mixture

If you want to plaster the stove with cement mortar, then M-400 grade material is suitable for this. It starts to set after 20 minutes.

Slaked lime must be added to the cement mortar. Such a mixture will have sufficient ductility and strength, it will be convenient to apply it to the base. Algorithm for preparing the solution:

1. First, dry cement is mixed with sifted river sand and asbestos in a ratio of 1: 2: 0.2.
2. One volume fraction of slaked lime is diluted with water to a creamy state.
3. Next, a cement-sand mixture is poured into it. All this is thoroughly mixed until smooth.

The plaster layer may peel or crack. This happens due to incorrectly chosen thickness of the seams between the bricks, improper bandaging of them, or due to overheating of the cladding.

To prevent this possibility, before plastering the stove, it must be covered with burlap. It must be soaked in liquid clay in advance. The walls of the structure must be covered so that there are no air bubbles between them and the burlap.

Non-woven material can be replaced with a metal mesh with cells no larger than 5x5 mm. It should be fixed to the bricks with thick (3 mm) steel wire. It must be laid in brick rows when constructing the stove.

When the plaster layer is completely dry, thinly diluted lime mixed with 0.1 part salt can be applied to it. After this treatment, the cladding becomes stronger.

It doesn’t matter what kind of solution you lined the heating structure with, the quality indicators of the plaster should be as follows:

1. The deviation of the stove plane from the vertical along its entire height should not exceed 5 mm.
2. Horizontally, this value should not be more than 2 mm.
3. Deviation from the straight line of thrust between the outer corners is no more than 0.3 cm.
4. When applying the rule to the walls of a structure, height differences should not be more than 1 mm for each meter of its surface.

The stove can be plastered with solutions consisting of different materials. However, a clay-based mixture is best. The main thing when preparing such a solution is to accurately maintain the proportions of the components and thoroughly mix the composition. The coating must be applied so that the coating is as even as possible.

For more information on the topic of this article, watch the video. It describes in detail the preparation of plaster mortar for stoves.

Until now, in many regions of Russia, the stove remains the only source of heat and fire. Despite the fact that many owners of dachas and village houses prefer to use gas heating, the stove still remains a symbol of comfort and original Russian life. Are you used to doing everything yourself and is your stove ready for finishing? Or maybe you had an old stove and decided to revive traditions? In any case, when constructing and finishing a stove, the most important step is plastering its surface.

Russian stove in a modern interior

Why plaster the surface of the stove?

Why plaster the stove? We must not forget that with frequent and sharp temperature changes, cracks may appear in the masonry of the stove, and this can not only lead to sooting of walls and interior items, but can also become hazardous to health.
Some stove owners think that this is very difficult, you need to know some old tricks and it is impossible to do it. In fact, plastering a stove is not at all difficult; even beginners can do this process.

If you have a new stove, then you should plaster the surface only after two to three months to give time for the stove masonry to shrink. This will help to avoid cracks and chips in the plaster in the future.

We purchase tools

The new stove masonry must remain in place for at least 2-3 months.

We purchase tools

The very initial stage of preparation includes acquiring the necessary tools. What to buy at a hardware store? We recommend following the list:

1. If you don’t have a hammer, then we definitely take it. It may be needed for driving nails on which the mesh will be attached.
2. Special metal scissors for cutting mesh.
3. A trowel, which we will use to apply the solution with our own hands, as well as several spatulas of different sizes.
4. Coarse sandpaper to remove roughness and defects after drying.
5. Plumb to ensure even vertical application of plaster.
6. Level. It will help ensure ideal vertical and horizontal planes.

Preparing for work and applying layers

Before you start plastering the surface of the furnace masonry, it must be thoroughly cleaned of small particles of debris, dust, etc.

Surface and seam preparation: cleaning from dust and small particles

To do this, you can use the most common materials available for DIY work, for example, a foam sponge. The seams in the masonry must also be thoroughly cleaned. Deepening of the seams by 5-7 millimeters is allowed.

First, a more liquid solution is used, which is applied to a metal mesh. Cell sizes in the mesh are allowed up to 20mm. The mesh must be secured to nails, which are first driven into the seams. We begin to apply plaster on top.

Mesh for applying the first layer of plaster

After the first layer has dried, apply a second, thicker one. The thickness of the second layer of plaster should be 8-10 millimeters.
All layers dry at normal temperature, that is, there is no need to heat the oven during the drying process. Do not be alarmed by the fact that cracks appear on the surface of the plaster during drying. They need to be slightly expanded, moistened and the solution applied again. Don’t be lazy to repeat this procedure several times, because a plastered stove done correctly, efficiently, and with your own hands can last for decades.

Applying a second layer of plaster

Little secret. If you want the stove plaster to last a long time and not crumble or chip, it must be applied not only to a well-cleaned surface, but also to a heated one. Heat the oven to about 60 degrees and only then begin to apply the first layer.

Recipes for mixtures and their preparation

A natural question arises: what is used to plaster a Russian stove?

The plaster mixture for the stove must be fireproof, and if you want to cook something in your stove with your own hands in the future, it must also be waterproof.

Mixtures for plaster may differ in composition. Here are a few simple recipes:

• clay - sand - asbestos (1:2:0.1)
• clay - sand - lime - asbestos (1: 2: 1: 0.1)
• clay - sand - cement - asbestos (1: 2: 1: 0.1)
• gypsum - lime - sand - asbestos (1:2:1: 0.2)

As you can see, ovens are plastered with clay, adding other components to it. Proportions must be observed correctly. The mixture is prepared in a special container, it is possible to use technical means, but one thing must be remembered: first, all the dry ingredients are mixed, and only then water is added. Mixtures for plastering a stove thicken quickly, especially those made with gypsum. A solution for plastering a stove using gypsum is unusable within half an hour after its preparation.

Clay-based oven plaster mortar

Do not forget that the clay is soaked for about a day before use. If the amount of water decreases while the clay is wet, then its proportion must be added. We must sift the sand so that in the future its largest particles do not interfere with the even application of the plaster. The prepared solution must be applied immediately.
Many manufacturers offer ready-made fireproof mixtures. It's up to you to decide, but don't forget that a solution prepared by yourself will allow you to be sure that you have avoided such characteristics as toxicity. Do not forget that the surface of the oven will be heated repeatedly in the future. Therefore, it is important that the plaster for stoves is environmentally friendly and absolutely safe for health.

If you want to ensure better adhesion of the plaster mixture and the surface of the stove, then under no circumstances should you carry out work in a cold room. The temperature of the solution must be at least 10 degrees Celsius.

Decoration

Decor of a Russian stove using relief fragments and bricks

If, after applying the plaster, the stove is not covered, then you can decorate the surface with your own hands. After the coating has dried and all the cracks have been leveled, relief designs can be placed. A duet of two techniques is also possible, when drawings are created on decorative irregularities.

How nice it is to light a stove decorated with your own hands in winter! Plastering a stove is not so difficult, and comfort and warmth will settle in your home for many years.

Ready-made and homemade plasters for stoves and fireplaces