Presidential inauguration is the ceremonial procedure for assuming the office of the head of state. The word "inauguration" comes from the Latin "inaugure" - "I dedicate."
President-elect Russian Federation takes office after 4 years from the date of assumption of office by the President of the Russian Federation, elected in the previous presidential elections. The powers of the current Russian President Dmitry Medvedev end on May 7, 2012. The next president will take office after 6 years.
The tradition of the leaders of our state taking office in modern history small. It begins with the inauguration of USSR President Mikhail Gorbachev. On March 15, 1990, the first and only President of the USSR, Mikhail Gorbachev, took the oath of office at the Third Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR without ceremony in the Kremlin Palace of Congresses /now the State Kremlin Palace/.
The inauguration ceremonies of Russian presidents took place in 1991, 1996, 2000, 2004 and 2008.
The first president of Russia, then still the RSFSR, Boris Yeltsin was elected on June 12, 1991 by popular vote. On July 10, 1991, at the ceremonial meeting of the Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR in the Kremlin Palace of Congresses, the elected president took office. He took the oath on the old Constitution of the RSFSR, adopted in 1978. After the inauguration, the Russian anthem was played to the music of M. Glinka, and the state flag of the RSFSR was raised over the presidential residence in the Kremlin next to the state flag of the USSR. From this moment the symbolism of the new Russia begins.
The second inauguration of Boris Yeltsin also took place at the KDS on August 9, 1996. Then the president had before him the new Constitution of the country, adopted in December 1993.
On May 7, 2000, in the St. Andrew's Hall of the Grand Kremlin Palace, the inauguration ceremony of President Vladimir Putin, elected by popular vote during the early elections on March 26, 2000, took place. The first president of Russia, Boris Yeltsin, terminated his powers early, without waiting for the elections, and at the time of the first inauguration of Vladimir Putin, Yeltsin himself was no longer president. On May 7, 2004, the inauguration of Vladimir Putin, who was elected president of Russia for a second term on March 14, was also held in St. Andrew's Hall . 1,700 people attended.
On May 7, 2008, Dmitry Medvedev was sworn in, who was elected on March 2 /70.28 percent. votes/ and within two months was in the rank of elected president. This was new in the Russian political tradition. Vladimir Putin handed over the golden presidential badge to Dmitry Medvedev, simultaneously completing his second four-year term as president. The chain of the sign is made of gold, silver and enamel and consists of 17 links with the motto: “Benefit, honor and glory.” On the back of the links, the last name, first name, patronymic of each Russian president and the year of his assumption of office are engraved in gold letters. The ceremony also took place in St. Andrew's Hall. A total of 2,400 invitees attended.
According to the Constitution and protocol, the ceremony takes place in a solemn atmosphere. Putting right hand on a special copy of the text of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the President pronounces the words of the oath: “When exercising the powers of the President of the Russian Federation, I swear to respect and protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, to observe and defend the Constitution of the Russian Federation, to protect the sovereignty and independence, security and integrity of the state, to faithfully serve the people ". The oath is taken in the presence of representatives of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government, the government of the Russian Federation, the Federation Council, the State Duma, and the presidential administration. Representatives of the main faiths, holders of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called, Heroes of Russia, holders of the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, heads of diplomatic missions, representatives of public organizations, business circles, journalists.
At the time of taking office new chapter state receives presidential insignia - the standard / flag / of the President of the Russian Federation, the Badge of the President of the Russian Federation and a specially made copy of the text of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, on which the head of state takes the oath. Since 2000, the inauguration piece has not been a symbol of presidential power.
Then the Chairman of the Constitutional Court announces the President's assumption of office. The National Anthem of Russia sounds to the music of A. Alexandrov and the words of S. Mikhalkov, the presidential standard rises above the residence of the head of state on the shaft of which a silver bracket is attached with the engraved surname, name and patronymic of the President of the Russian Federation and the dates of his tenure in this post. Then the inaugural President of Russia makes an inaugural speech, at the end of which an artillery salute of 30 salvos is fired. After the ceremony on Cathedral Square, the Supreme Commander-in-Chief is introduced to the personnel of the presidential regiment.
According to tradition, the inauguration takes place in the St. Andrew's Hall of the Grand Kremlin Palace - the ceremonial residence of the head of state. In the 19th century, St. Andrew's throne room was the main hall of the palace. In the mid-90s of the last century, the hall was restored to its original splendor. It is decorated with 10 gilded pylons and gilded doors with order crosses and chains of the St. Andrew's Order, established by Emperor Peter I. The walls are covered with blue, the color of the St. Andrew's ribbon, silk moire, decorated with chains and signs of the order. The coats of arms of the provinces and regions of Russia are placed above the windows. 10 bronze chandeliers and 35 sconces illuminate the hall. A worthy decoration of the interior of the hall and the entire palace are two fireplaces made of gray-violet jasper. Three throne seats under ermine have been restored near the eastern wall. Today the hall is the venue for the most ceremonial events of national importance.
The first “inauguration” in the Kremlin took place in the middle of August 26-28, 1856 - these were celebrations on the occasion of the coronation of Alexander P. The path to the royal throne of Alexander III and Nicholas II also lay through St. Andrew’s Hall. Prior to this, from the first half of the 18th century, ceremonies of proclamation to the kingdom were held in the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg and in Moscow in the palace, which was located on the site of the current BKD.
IN ceremonial events dedicated to the inauguration of the President of the Russian Federation, the Presidential Regiment has been taking part since 2000. Every year on May 7, the day of this military unit is celebrated and the Presidential Regiment is presented to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief. The ceremony also includes the participation of the Presidential Orchestra, the main musical group accompanying official state and socially significant events.
On the day of the inaugurations of both Vladimir Putin and Dmitry Medvedev, after the inauguration ceremony of the President of Russia and the subsequent parade of the Presidential Regiment on the Cathedral Square of the Kremlin, Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Alexy P performed prayer services in the Annunciation Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. The Annunciation Cathedral was the home church of the Russian great princes and the church of the Moscow sovereigns, and on special occasions a prayer service was always served there for the beginning of a good deed.
Do you know the meaning of the word "inauguration"? It literally translates as “initiation into augurs.” ceremonial entry into a new position. The ritual is borrowed from the coronation of monarchs. Today this word, previously more common abroad, has begun to be used in our country.
Traditions
The inauguration of the President in Russia is always a very solemn and exciting ceremony. Its main attributes are the keynote speech, the anthem, raising the flag over the Kremlin, and the oath. Our country holds an inauguration every six years. This ritual takes place on the 30th day after the official presentation of the election results.
How it goes
The ceremonial inauguration, according to established tradition, begins at twelve o'clock in the afternoon. Its length does not exceed an hour. A few minutes before the start of the ceremony, the motorcade of the popularly elected President of Russia enters the Spassky Gate. As soon as the chimes begin to strike, he walks in and rises to a specially prepared podium. The presidential standard and the state flag are brought into the room and placed in a certain order, according to the existing protocol (with an accuracy of a centimeter).
The Chairman of the Constitutional Court of the country places the Presidential Badge and the Constitution on the podium where the oath will be taken. Then the chairmen of both chambers of the Russian parliament rise to the podium.
Guests of the inauguration
Before the appearance of the future president, St. Andrew's and St. George's halls are filled with guests. As a rule, approximately two thousand people receive invitations. For the most part, these are representatives of science, culture, business, foreign and Russian diplomats.
Oath
The future president takes the oath of allegiance to the Fatherland. At the same time, his right hand rests on the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Upon completion, the Chairman of the Constitutional Court solemnly announces that new president took office, and solemnly presents him with symbols of power. The national anthem is played and the presidential standard is raised over the Kremlin.
Symbols of power
So, as you understand, inauguration is a procedure during which the legally elected president receives symbols of power in a solemn atmosphere. What is this? There are three such symbols in Russia - the Sign, the Constitution and the Standard, which, as a rule, is always in the office of the current president, and only when traveling does he accompany the head of state. The sign is a golden cross on which the coat of arms of Russia is depicted. It is covered with ruby enamel and attached to a powerful gold chain. “Benefit, honor and glory” - this inscription is carved on its reverse side. The inaugural copy of the Constitution of the Russian Federation exists in a single copy. It was completed in 1996 by order of Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin. The volume is bound in dark red leather and decorated with gold embossing. Constantly located in the Kremlin, in the library of the President of Russia.
Putin's inauguration
Since 2000, when Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin first headed the state, distinguished foreign guests have not been invited to the ceremony. The Kremlin believes that the inauguration is an internal Russian event. The third inauguration of President Putin was very solemn.
This event occurred on May 7, 2012. First, the previous president, Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev, toured the Kremlin territory. He said a warm farewell to the soldiers of the Moscow garrison. In his speech, Vladimir Putin noted Dmitry Medvedev’s great contribution to the revival of Russia. The President took the oath on the Constitution of Russia. The third inauguration is a more massive ceremony than the previous ones. Three thousand guests were invited - State Duma deputies, members of the Constitutional Court, government representatives.
After the official inauguration procedure, Patriarch Kirill blessed Vladimir Putin. Then a prayer service was served for the service of the Fatherland. For Kirill, this inauguration is the first ceremony in which the president was blessed. Boris Yeltsin assumed a new position without the blessing of the church.
Now you know what an inauguration is, how the ceremony takes place, what traditions are emerging in a resurgent Russia.
2. At what age can one become a candidate for the position of President of the Russian Federation?
a) from 21 years of age
b) from 35 years old
3. What is the solemn procedure for taking office as the head of state called?
a) Dedication.
b) Oath.
c) Inauguration.
4. For how long is the President of the Russian Federation elected?
a) For 4 years.
b) For 6 years.
a) Refusal to participate in elections
b) Participation in elections
c) Election campaign
6. How many consecutive terms can the same person hold the position of President of the Russian Federation?
a) Three terms
b) Two terms
c) One term
7. A citizen of the Russian Federation who permanently resides in Russia for at least ... can be elected President of the Russian Federation.
c) 10 years
8. What is the name of the right to nominate oneself for positions in any government body?
a) active suffrage.
b) passive suffrage.
c) general suffrage.
a) Has
b) Does not have
10. Where were the first elections held? (In Ancient Greece).
11. what was the first ballot? ( Stone slab, on which the name was stamped. In Russia it was a birch bark package on which the name of the chosen one was written).
12. What proverbs can characterize the position of a person who refuses to participate in elections? (My hut is on the edge, I don’t know anything. My shirt is closer to my body. After me, even a flood. After me, even the grass won’t grow. I don’t care. I little man- nothing depends on me).
13. In French, “talking shop”, in Israel – Knesset, in Iran – Mejlis, in Ukraine – Rada, and in Russia? Federal Assembly
14. Translated from Latin - dressed in white, appointed to an appointment; translated from French - applicant; and in Russian? CANDIDATE
15. Does an observer have the right to issue a ballot? No (Chapter 4, Article 30, Clause 7 of the Federal Law)
17. The Federal Law “On Basic Guarantees of the Electoral Rights of Citizens of the Russian Federation” was adopted... June 12, 2002.
18. A disabled woman of group 1 is not able to come to the polling station, but she issued a power of attorney for her daughter. The Election Commission considered that the ballot paper could be given to the daughter and the daughter had the right to vote for her. Are the commission's actions legal? No, such citizens are given the right to vote outside the premises
19. Situation No. 1.
Hello, dear observers. Come in, take your seats. And we have already prepared everything for the arrival of voters. To save your time, we even sealed the ballot boxes. To avoid creating queues, we allow the whole family to enter the voting booths. After all, they are relatives, what should they hide from each other?
Situation No. 2.
From a conversation with an observer.
I approach the visiting group and ask: “How many ballots are you taking with you?” And they responded: “We don’t count, we took a pack, in case we go to someone else.” They did the counting of votes as if we were an empty place. The ballots were not presented, for whom they voted - nothing is known. I asked to see the voting protocol - they refused.
Situation No. 3.
From a conversation with a voter.
I came to the elections early, and there were no observers yet. And the members of the commission write something and throw stacks of ballots into the ballot box. And one of the girls took me into a booth and advised me who to vote for. Well, I don’t mind - he’s probably a good person.
MAIN VIOLATIONS:
Situation No. 1.
failure to present empty ballot boxes to observers before sealing.
mass entry of voters into the voting booth.
Situation No. 2.
negligence in recording the number of ballots taken by the visiting team.
failure to present an expanded ballot to observers during counting.
refusal to provide the observer with a voting protocol.
Situation No. 3.
lack of observers.
stuffing of falsified ballots.
campaigning on election day.
20. In one American film, an adventurer, a petty thief named Johnson, becomes a member of the Senate thanks to his famous surname. Voters voted not for an idea, not for a person, but for a well-known surname. “Who are we voting for?” - the husband asks his wife. “As always for Johnson. We always vote for the Johnsons.”
Describe the political culture of this married couple.
21. One voter said: “I didn’t know which party to vote for. I voted for the one that is directly opposite to the party that I do not sympathize with. Let the latter be worse.”
The second responded: “I also didn’t know who to vote for and didn’t cast a ballot for anyone.”
The behavior of which of these voters seems more politically literate and mature to you?
22. "Elections and the Law"
1. When voting at a polling station on election day, a citizen presents his birth certificate. Does he have the right to vote?
2. On election day, a group of people came to the polling station with a bullhorn and with campaign posters in favor of one of the candidates. What will be the actions of the election commission and observers?
3. A person decided to vote in another city because he was on a business trip. He came to the polling station, but was refused to vote. Why?
4. An elderly man came to the polling station to vote, but poor eyesight did not allow me to put a signature in front of the desired candidate. He turned to the election commission for help. Actions of members of the election commission.
6. The young man came to the polling station for the first time. Describe the voting procedure.
7. Voters turned to members of the election commission with questions about the candidates and their programs. Actions of members of the election commission.
8. A person came to the polls, but he is not on the voter lists. What should I do?
Answers "Elections and the Law"
1. No. Does not have the right, because the voter must present an identification document - a passport or military ID. A birth certificate is not suitable.
2. Actions of the election commission and observers - recording a violation, since campaigning on election day is prohibited.
3. The refusal of the election commission is due to the fact that the voter needed to take an absentee certificate in his city, at his precinct, or vote in advance.
4. A member of the election commission will invite one of the voters at the polling station to help an elderly person. In this case, the member of the election commission will write down the data of the voter who helped opposite the data of the elderly voter.
5. Yes. The elections are considered valid if 25% of voters have voted.
6. Come to the polling station, present your passport to a member of the election commission, sign next to your data in the voter list, receive a ballot, go into the voting booth, put any sign in front of one of the candidates or opposite the line “against all”, put the ballot in the ballot box for voting.
7. The Election Commission has no right to disclose information about candidates on election day. The election commission will invite people to come to a decorated stand - a “voter’s corner”, where there will be information about the candidates (photo, biography, profession, life principles, election program).
8. The voter will be invited to approach the secretary of the election commission, where he will be added to the additional list of voters and given a ballot paper.
25. Solve the crossword puzzle.
Horizontal answers: 1. Party. 2. District 3. Publishing house. 4. Voter. 5. Immunity. 6. Duma. 7. Deputy. 8. Questionnaire. 9. Totalitarianism.
Vertical answer: 1. President.
The inauguration of the elected President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, will take place on May 7, 2012.
The inauguration procedure, according to the law “On the Election of the President of the Russian Federation,” is carried out on the 30th day after the announcement of the official voting results by the Central Election Commission. The solemn ceremony itself by the law on the election of the head Russian state not scheduled.
The inauguration scenario was originally developed for the inauguration of the first President of Russia, Boris Yeltsin. Significant changes no changes have been made since then. The only change made was not related to the procedure itself, but to the location where it was carried out. When Boris Yeltsin took office, the ceremony took place in the Kremlin Palace of Congresses. And since 2000, the inauguration ceremony takes place in the state halls of the Grand Kremlin Palace: Andreevsky, Alexandrovsky and Georgievsky.
The list of those present is determined by the Presidential Protocol Service. At the ceremony in mandatory There are members of the government, deputies of the Duma and the Federation Council, heads of the presidential administration, judges of the Constitutional Court, the diplomatic corps, and so on. The president's wife is also present at the ceremony.
The presence of symbols required for the inauguration ceremony is determined by presidential decree. This is the President's Badge and Standard, as well as a special copy of the Constitution on which the President takes the oath of office.
Thirty-three words of the presidential oath, as well as the status of the head of state, are defined by the fourth chapter of the Constitution of the Russian Federation: “When exercising the powers of the President of the Russian Federation, I swear to respect and protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, to observe and defend the Constitution of the Russian Federation, to protect the sovereignty and independence, security and integrity of the state, to faithfully serve the people.”.
The incoming president, placing his right hand on the Constitution of the Russian Federation, pronounces the text of the presidential oath.
After this, the chairman of the Constitutional Court presents the president with the symbols of power of the head of state and announces the assumption of office by the new president.
The national anthem begins to sound in the hall, and the standard of the head of state rises above the dome of the presidential residence in the Kremlin.
After taking the oath to the people of Russia, the head of state makes an obligatory brief address to the citizens of the country. At the end of the president's speech, Glinka's patriotic work "Glory!" is played.
An artillery salute of 30 salvos is fired from the Kremlin embankment. Two batteries of nine guns each. These are artillerymen from the Moscow commandant's office.
In the finale, the President enters Cathedral Square from the doors of the Holy Entrance Hall, goes down the stairs of the Grand Kremlin Palace and goes to an additional platform from which he receives the parade of the Presidential Regiment.
In total, the ceremony takes place within an hour. There may be time variations, but they are minor.
The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources
After the election of the President, the procedure for taking office as provided for in the Constitution is carried out.
It consists of the President taking the oath of office in a solemn atmosphere in the presence of members of the Federation Council, deputies of the State Duma and judges of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. The text of the oath is established in Art. 82 of the Constitution. It is formulated as follows: “When exercising the powers of the President of the Russian Federation, I swear to respect and protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, to observe and defend the Constitution of the Russian Federation, to protect the sovereignty and independence, security and integrity of the state, to faithfully serve the people.”
An important characteristic of an oath is that it is taken to the people. The Presidential oath, like any other legally enforceable oath, determines those general requirements and guidelines for activities that the President must strictly observe, as he swore an oath to.
The Constitution does not provide for the taking of an oath by persons acting as President in the event of early termination of the powers of the elected President and temporarily exercising such powers. There is also no provision for re-taking the oath if a new Constitution is adopted during the President’s term of office.
It is from the moment of taking the oath that the President takes office and at the same time the powers of the former President are terminated. The need to take an oath also applies to the President elected for a second term.
Provided for in Part 2 of Art. 82 of the Constitution, the solemn atmosphere of taking the oath is intended to show the importance of the act of assuming the office of the new President, to make this act public, indicating the high status of the head of state. There is a special Protocol regulating the procedure for assuming the office of the President. The Chairman of the Central Election Commission announces the resolution on the election of the President. The President of the Constitutional Court takes the oath of office. After this, the Chairman of the Federation Council places a chain with the sign of the President on the President. This sign is a symbol of presidential power and is handed over to each successive newly elected President. The inauguration of the President is broadcast on television, radio, and takes place in the presence of representatives of government bodies, political parties, public associations, representatives of foreign states.
The Constitution of the Russian Federation links the period for the newly elected President to take office and take the oath of office with the term for the end of the powers of the former President.
The Federal Law on the Election of the President of the Russian Federation specifies these terms, and also provides for the terms for assuming the office of the President in cases of early or repeat elections. The newly elected President takes office after four years from the date of assumption of office by the President elected in the previous presidential elections, and in the event of early elections, as well as in the event that repeat elections are scheduled by the day of the expiration of four years from the date of assumption of office by the former President. President, on the 30th day from the date of official publication by the Central Election Commission of the general results of the elections of the President of the Russian Federation.
The Constitution of the Russian Federation does not stipulate the possibility of extending the term of office of the President by postponing new elections in the event of military operations and other emergency situations. However, the federal constitutional laws “On Martial Law” and “On the State of Emergency” establish that elections to bodies state power And local government, and referendums are not held, that the Federation Council and State Duma continue their work throughout the entire period of the state of emergency. It follows from this that elections of the President are not held if his term of office expires and the latter is extended. State law of the Russian Federation. Ed. Kutafina O.E. - M.: TK Welby, 2004. P.186.
In the constitutions of individual foreign states one can find provisions regulating the terms of office of the President in such situations. Thus, the Constitution of Moldova stipulates that the term of office of the President can be extended by organic law in the event of war or disaster. A similar rule, without specifying the act that establishes this, is contained in the Constitution of Romania. In Greece, in the event of war, the term of office of the President is extended until its end.
The need for the President to take an oath is provided for in most constitutions of foreign countries, and it is the oath that is associated with the assumption of the office of the President.
In all constitutions, including the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the taking of the oath by the newly elected President is a legal act that is associated with the moment of assuming the office of the President. In principle, the refusal of the President to take the oath of office should have the consequence of his not taking office. However, direct references to such consequences in constitutions occur as an exception. Thus, the Constitution of the Czech Republic establishes that the President’s refusal to take the oath or taking the oath with a reservation is considered as a failure to elect the person as President. In the Constitution of Slovakia, such actions entail the invalidity of the presidential election.
Although such norms affect purely hypothetical situations, it is obvious that failure to take the oath of office by the elected President means his failure to take office. This follows from the meaning of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
The Constitution of the Russian Federation does not provide for the institution of vice president. In the past, such a position was created during the presidency of M.S. Gorbachev and initially in the Russian Federation until 1993, vice-presidents were elected simultaneously with the President (there was no separate voting for vice-presidents). However, this institution has not justified itself in our country.