How to make a doll day and night. DIY roller blinds. Application and connection

To the world of mysterious spirits,
Over this nameless abyss,
A gold-woven cover is thrown over
By the high will of the gods.
Day is this brilliant veil
Day, earthly revival,
Healing for sick souls,
Friend of men and gods!

But the day fades - night has come;
She came - and, from the world of fate
Fabric of blessed cover
Having torn it off, it throws it away...
And the abyss is laid bare to us
With your fears and darkness,
And there are no barriers between her and us -
This is why the night is scary for us!

Photo from the site http://www.koloyar.ru/den-noch

Photo from the site http://dobraiaigrushka.blogspot.com

Photo from the site http://stranamasterov.ru/

Photo from the site http://www.rukukla.ru

Photo from the site http://www.supersadovnik.ru

Done like this doll as follows. Take 2 pieces and sew them together. It is advisable to do this according to tradition - by hand and without the use of scissors. Next, we twist and wind our padding. Actually, we did this already in the folk doll Happiness. Then we put on our 2 different stitched patches so that 2 corners are front and back, pointing down, forming the blouse, while the other 2 corners form the arms. The ends of these sleeves - the corners must be tucked in and bandaged, again in the same way as we did with you earlier. Next, a skirt is sewn and tied with a belt or apron. That's all - the two-faced Day - Night doll is ready.

Second type- these are two completely identical dolls, only one is made of light fabric, the second of dark. The dolls are knitted with two threads - blue and white and form a single integral composition.

Photo from the site http://www.rukukla.ru

It is tied at the neck, the corners are tucked and bent, forming handles:

Photo from the site http://www.rukukla.ru

A cord is made from blue and white thread, which is then tied to the back of both dolls.

Photo from the site http://www.rukukla.ru

Well, that's all. 2 dolls symbolizing Day and Night are ready!
Now you know how you protected your home and the people living in it before, and you can make the same amulet with your own hands!

http://www.deliya-toys.ru/interesti...a-den-noch.html

The amulet doll "Day and Night" symbolizes the duality of our world. Bright side the dolls are charged with vigorous energy in daytime, and the black side gives peace and tranquility to the night. It also helps to survive both the good (not to become proud, for example) and the bad (not to be too upset, because all this is temporary and can certainly be corrected). Make yourself such a doll and hang it in a prominent place, and you will see how often wise philosophical thoughts will visit you.

Attention! Before making a doll, read carefullygeneral recommendations , as well as recommendations for manufacturingVepsian pupa .

To make a doll you will need:

1) identical squares of white and black fabric, 1 piece of each color, approximately 12x12 cm in size. (As an option, you can choose light blue and dark blue, soft purple and dark purple, etc.).

2) small pieces of cotton wool,

3) red thread,

4) braid or cord for hanging the doll.

rice. 1 pic. 2

Place cotton wool in the middle of the squares (Fig. 1). Carefully form the head and tie with red thread (Fig. 2).

rice. 3 fig. 4

Form the body of the dolls in the same way as the base of the Vepsian doll is made (Fig. 3). Place the resulting pupae together, back to back (Fig. 4).

Day and Night - dolls-amulets of the home. They lived in the Penza and Tambov provinces, as well as in the Volga region. These are two completely identical dolls, but one is made of white fabric (Day), and the other is made of blue (Night). During the day they put the light one forward, and at night - the dark one. The dolls are connected with one thread and form a single integral composition.

These dolls are very easy to make with your own hands. To do this, you will only need two identical-sized squares of blue and blue fabric. white flowers, rags, blue and white threads.

Manufacturing technology

1. A rag is placed in the center of the square of fabric to stuff the head.
2. A square of fabric is folded diagonally to form a head.
3. The head is separated, the neck is tightly tied with matching threads.
4. Arms are formed on the sides: the corners are folded inward, a belt is tied - also to match the fabric. A thread is attached to the doll's head - a bandage (also matching).
5. The second doll is made in exactly the same way, but from fabric and threads of a different color.
6. A cord is twisted from blue and white threads.
7. A blue and white cord is tied to the back of the dolls' headbands.

The “Day and Night” dolls are ready. Now you can choose a place in the house for this amulet. Obligatory note: these dolls, like all traditional ones, do not have faces painted on them.

From the magazine "Folk Creativity" nt.gohome.ru/content/view/92/39/

There is also an option when one doll combines two sides - Day and Night. See the photo below (photo from the forum handmade.idvz.ru/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=564&PN=0&TPN=1, Valyuni dolls).

To control the work of many electrical appliances special controllers are required that are responsible for the accuracy and correctness of their operation. We propose to consider how to connect a simple street photo relay, what it is and its operating principle.

Description of photo relay

Sensitive photo relay based on a triac GOST 51324.2.1-99. is an optocoupler device consisting of LEDs optically connected to the contacts of electrical appliances. It is also often called a twilight LED sensor, a day-night device, etc.

Photo – Photo relay photo

Photo relays are offered various advantages Compared to mechanical time relays:

Small size. Housed in small units such as USOP, the fixture is designed with a reduced board;
Long service life. In the absence of mechanical contact, the shelf life is significantly extended due to the fact that wear is completely absent;
Low current drive. This device can operate with an incoming current of even a few milliamps without an amplifier. Thus, neighboring devices can do without drivers;
Quiet operation. In the absence of mechanical contact, the contactless relay does not make any sounds during operation;
High speed. Photo relays are approximately 10 times faster than mechanical counterparts (which take a few milliseconds to switch).
Excellent performance, many appliances come with a timer.

The components of the device are: three contact wires for connecting to the general network, magnetic starter, anchor.

Photo – Photo relay disassembled

Video: simple photo relay

Operating principle

The diagram shows the principle of operation of the device. Photoresistor PR1 reduces its resistance to several Kohms as the illumination increases, due to which phototransistor VT2 opens, which turns on photorelay K1, and this device, in turn, will begin to transmit signals. Diode VD1 protects the circuit from self-induction. Thanks to this principle, even very weak signals can turn the light on or off.

Photo – Photo relay circuit

The main working part is a photocell, which is a gas tube in which gas ionization occurs. It has a cathode that is capable of producing electrons in proportion to the intensity of light directed towards it, and the tube is also equipped with an anode to collect electrons.

Photo – Photo relay

Whenever a negatively charged surface is placed in an atmosphere of an ionizable gas, such as mercury vapor or any inert gas, electrons are transferred to it. There, by using the Fermi-Dirac velocity theory, electrons are accelerated depending on the strength of the applied electric field.

Photo – Photo relay TDM

These electrons travel a relatively short distance before colliding with an ionizing gas atom. When an electron, which has constant kinetic energy, passes through an ionizing substance, it disturbs the atoms it encounters. Also, its trajectory of action may change periodically. If the material is gaseous, the resulting fragments or ions may move away from each other. But if electrons are knocked out of atoms, then they move in one direction, and the residual positive ions move in the opposite direction. The output of the ionization type or photocell depends on the number of electrons at the anode.

It is the movement of electrical particles in a certain sequence that causes the device to switch. It must be said that this is especially convenient for devices with a motion sensor Finder, Legrand.

Application and connection

Electronic devices with a built-in photosensor of light are used to organize and control automatic street lighting, external façade, driveway or household lighting. Often combined with it, console lamps of the housing and communal services type are used, which are equipped protective glass and a special grille.

The device operates on a very small microcircuit and transistors, and instructions are often given on the case on how to properly connect the device. We use a light control switch to demonstrate step by step how to install the fixture. Despite its externally small size, this device does an excellent job of lighting courtyards, parks and gardens.

Photo – photo relay FR-3

In general, photo relays for street lighting are recommended to be installed in the middle position. To install the switch yourself, you need to use a special bracket that is attached to the wall. The canopy is installed directly into the photo relay using a screw. The installation location depends on the lighting, try to choose an area where there is nothing in the way sun rays get on the working surface of the device, otherwise interference will begin on the photodiode and the device will not work correctly. Depending on the characteristics of the device, the presence of trees, furniture, curtains, etc. in front of the photo relay is not allowed.

The diagram of the photo relay and its principle of connecting to the network is most often depicted on the box of the device, this is very convenient, you do not need to look for one that is suitable specifically for your device. Detailed instructions How to connect a photo relay with your own hands:

There are three wires coming out of the relay: brown, blue and red. Based on standard parameters and indicators, brown is a phase cable, red is an extension wire, goes like switching to a lamp, blue is zero (if you are developing a homemade relay, then you need to take these branches into account);
In order for everything to be connected correctly, it is necessary to connect the wires to the console lamp as a load, this is demonstrated by the circuit designation.

To check that the connection is correct, you need to plug in the starter and see if the spotlight or flashlight works.

Photo - Connecting a photo relay

Relay installation and grounding

If a TN-S or TN-C-S type grounding system is used in an apartment, house or street, the electrical circuit is powered from the network by a three-wire cable (phase wire, neutral, ground). But for connecting lamps with TN-C type wiring, the connection will differ only in that there is no PE conductor.

The adjustment is made according to the manufacturer's settings. Before connecting the lamp, be sure to check the passport, certificate and patent of the seller so that you don’t have to do it later major renovation wiring in the apartment. It is advisable to install a separate machine for this controller in the distribution board (cabinet).

You can buy a photo relay at any electrical store; the price directly depends on the brand and area of operation (street - FR-601 IEK, FR-602, facades - FRSU-1-0 uhl 4.2, FRSU-2-0 and other types). The most popular models are FR-1 12 volt, UTFR-1M, CSM, LUNA 110 AL, TWS-1, TWS-1M, AWZ-30, ABB (ABB), LXP-01, DLS-1/50, AZH-S , AS-7, RFS-11, FB-2-16A (range 2-4 kW), LUX 2.

Photo – Connecting photo relay FR-601

A light sensor, also called a twilight switch or photo relay, is used to automate the street lighting system and at the same time (the light will turn on and off depending on how dark it is outside on a day-night basis). The scope of its application can be very diverse: a lawn at the dacha, the entrance to country house and even the entrance to the apartment. Next, we’ll talk about how to properly connect a photo relay for street lighting with your own hands, looking at step by step photo instructions, diagrams and a visual video example.

How the device works

So, first let's look at how the twilight switch works so that you understand the features of its connection, which we will provide below.

The design of a photo relay includes three main elements: a photocell, a comparator and a relay.

As for the photocell (and basically it is a photodiode, phototransistor or photoresistor), its main purpose is to analyze the light intensity. If it gets darker or lighter outside, the photocell will let you know about it, and the light will turn on/off based on this. The comparator is the so-called threshold of the system. If the voltage supplied by the photocell exceeds the setting, the comparator will turn on the relay, and accordingly the lamp. A relay (or triac) is an output device that switches a load (in our case, a light bulb).

Simply put, the principle of operation is this: when the lighting level decreases, the resistance on the photoresistor changes, as a result of which the voltage increases and the relay operates. The result is that the lamp to which the device is connected turns on until it begins to get light.

Video review of the detector from Feron, model SEN27:

Device characteristics

Connection diagrams

Before you move on to installing a light control switch (another popular name) instead of a regular light switch, you need to understand how to connect the wires to the lamp and sensor terminals. So, the connection diagram for a photo relay for street lighting can be presented in two versions: with and without the use of a junction box. The first option is usually used when it happens, because... in this case, it will be necessary to bring out a new line from the installation box.

The wiring looks like this:

As you can see, connecting a photo relay to a lamp is practically no different from. Just like in the usual version, the phase is connected to the break, and the zero is directly to the lantern. The only difference is that the neutral wire must also be inserted into the photosensor itself.

If you have already made repairs in the house and do not want to ditch the wall for a new line, you can use the second option for connecting the photo relay with your own hands - directly:

In this case, all 3 wires: phase, neutral and ground are brought inside the housing and pressed with terminals. Both the first and second installation methods are correct. Having chosen the appropriate option, you can move on to installing the photo relay yourself.

Step-by-step installation instructions

Right away I would like to move a little away from the topic and advise you to simultaneously connect the photo relay and. When paired, these two devices will allow you to turn on the lamp when darkness falls, only if a person appears in the detection zone. If there is no one on the site, the lights will not light up, which will significantly save energy.

The installation method depends on what protection class and type of mounting of the twilight light switch you purchased.

Today there are various options manufacturing, namely:

with mounting on a DIN rail, on a wall or on a horizontal surface;
outdoor or indoor use (depending on);
photocell built-in or external.

In the instructions we will provide an example of installing a photo relay for street lighting with wall mounting. The connection is made at the stand for convenience, especially since this is just an example.

So, in order to connect the photo relay to the lamp yourself, you must complete the following steps:

We turn off the power at the input panel and check the presence of current in distribution box, from which we will conduct the wire.
We stretch the power wire to the installation site of the photo relay (next to lighting device). We recommend that you use a three-wire cable to connect the twilight switch, which has proven itself to be a reliable and not too expensive conductor option.
We strip the conductors of insulation by 10-12 mm in order to connect them to the terminals.
We create holes in the housing for inserting cores in order to connect the photo relay to the network and the lamp.
To increase the tightness of the case, we attach special rubber seals in the cut holes to protect against dust and moisture getting inside. By the way, the twilight switch should be placed in such a way that the inlet holes are at the bottom, which will prevent moisture from penetrating under the cover.
We connect photo relays for street lighting according to electrical diagram, which we have provided above. As can be seen in the photo, the input phase is connected to connector L, and the input neutral to N. A separate screw terminal with the appropriate designation is provided for grounding.
We cut off the required length of wire to connect the photo relay to the light bulb (in reality it can even be led spotlight). We also strip the insulation by 10-12 mm and connect it to terminals N’ and L’, respectively. The second end of the conductor is brought to and connected to the terminals of the cartridge. If the lamp body does not conduct current, grounding does not need to be connected.
Installation and connection are completed, let's move on to setting up the photo relay with our own hands. There is nothing complicated here; the kit includes a special black bag, which is necessary in order to simulate night. On the body of the light sensor you can see a regulator (signed with the abbreviation LUX), which serves to select the light intensity at which the relay will operate. If you want to save energy, set the rotary control to minimum (mark “-”). In this case, the signal to turn on will be given when it is completely dark outside. Usually the regulator is located next to the screw terminals, a little to the left and above (as shown in the photo).
The last step of connecting the photo relay is to attach the protective cover and turn on the power on the panel. Once you do this, you can proceed to testing the device.

That's all I wanted to tell you about how to install and connect a photo relay with your own hands. We also recommend that you watch a visual video lesson, which shows in detail the entire essence of electrical installation.