Option 4
Read the text and complete tasks 1 – 3
(1) In 1943, Hungarian Laszlo Biro, who received from the British Royal air force An order to develop a pen capable of writing at high altitudes at low pressures pioneered the use of a refill consisting of a channel covered by a metal ball. (2) The first ballpoint pens were simply terrible: the balls fell out, air bubbles blocked the writing unit, ink often began to leak, and at first people were more accustomed and, it seemed, easier to write with a regular fountain pen. (3) a ballpoint pen could be written with more pressure than a fountain pen, it did not scratch the paper, made fewer blots, and therefore quickly gained popularity.
1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) Ballpoint pens, invented by Laszlo Biro at the request of the British Air Force, quickly gained popularity, despite a number of shortcomings.
2) A ballpoint pen capable of writing at high altitudes at low pressure was developed by the Briton Laszlo Biro: he used a rod consisting of a channel blocked by a metal ball.
3) The first ballpoint pens, invented by order of the British Royal Air Force, were not in demand by the population: people preferred to write with ordinary fountain pens.
4) Despite the fact that the first ballpoint pens, invented by Laszlo Biro at the request of the British Air Force, had many disadvantages, they very quickly became popular due to their fundamental advantages over fountain pens.
5) Laszlo Biro went down in history as an inventor ballpoint pen, which could write at high altitudes at low pressure, did not scratch the paper and made fewer blots.
2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should appear in the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).
For example,
As a result
Besides,
3. Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word LOW. Determine in what sense this word is used in the first (1) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this meaning in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.
SHORT, -th, -oe; - zok, - zka, - zko, - zki.
1) Small in height, located at a small height from the ground, from something. level. N. fence.
2) Not reaching the average level, less average norm, insignificant. Low prices.
3) Poor, unsatisfactory in terms of quality. N. variety.
4) Mean, dishonest (contemptuous). N. act.
5) Thick to the ear. N. bass.
4. In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.
facilitate
visionary
fruit
5. One of the sentences below uses the highlighted word incorrectly. Correct the mistake and write this word correctly.
All elements must form a single HARMONIOUS whole and correspond to your ideological plan.
He took a deep BREATH and decisively approached Gerasim.
The water was ICY, it made my teeth ache, and I swallowed with a ringing sound.
In the province, DEVIATION from honorary jury duty was insignificant in the early years.
A TECHNICAL chess player must be able to play on both flanks.
6. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the error and write the word correctly.
secured more RELIABLE
old PASSPORTS
LIE on your back
APPLE TREE seedlings
pick up from the MENCH
7. Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and the sentences in which they were made: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
| GRAMMAR ERRORS | OFFERS |
| A) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition B) violation in the construction of a complex sentence C) incorrect construction of a sentence with a participial phrase D) incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech D) violation in the construction of sentences with homogeneous members | 1) Antipov bothered the repair service with complaints about the material being shipped to him to update the rail bed. 2) Standing on the threshold of the house, the parents looked for a long time after their children were leaving. 3) Upon arrival from Greece, I sat down to write a new book. 4) In “Ruslan and Lyudmila” A.S. Pushkin conveyed much of what he heard from his nanny Arina Rodionovna. 5) To get to Ryabtsev, who occupied an office on the fifth floor, Nastasya had to explain the purpose of her visit to a good dozen guards. 6) I was not accepted into the school basketball team. Because I was short. 7) When creating a project for a new building, the architect said that I want to make this building the most beautiful in the city. 8) Mistakes not only bring pain, but also make us wiser. 9) The war was a difficult test for the entire people, but everyone believed and hoped for victory. |
8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
hug..mother
pl..sneeze
insight
see (with the circumstances)
shining
9. Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.
and..trying, in..leading (institution)
pr..possible, pr..shore
super..gra, ob..sk
oh...grandfather, oh...I'll tell you
(I see) in.. reality, angry
10. Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.
hours..nka
stick up
industry..howl
beggarly
coughed..coughed
11. Write down the word in which the letter E is written in the blank.
sheep
you'll have to endure it
dozing..shine
outlined..outlined
12. Determine the sentence in which NOT is spelled together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.
Winter is (NOT) for nothing angry, its time has passed...
His home life, which was (NOT) INTERESTING to anyone around him, went on as usual.
It was a month of happiness (UN)Darkened by bad events.
My new friend was by no means a (NOT)POOR man, but his stinginess discouraged me.
Stas greeted Olga (NOT) cordially and warmly, but coldly and aloofly.
13. Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are written CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write down these two words.
(WHY) in separation from her, (IN) DEPRESSION of slander, the heart in us is ready to bleed to the last drop...
(APPARENTLY), the very principle from which this truth comes obliges you, (IN) VIEW of your position in society, to recognize in it only an inner light.
(IN) THE MIDDLE of the room (IN) FOR 20 years there was the same table, covered with the same lace tablecloth.
I wanted at ALL costs to meet Sonya, to tell her how bored I was, how I suffered (IN) ALONE, not daring to admit my feelings to anyone.
The officer stood (at) Stretch, and the general, meanwhile, gave the order to the soldiers to form columns (by) TWO.
14. Indicate all the numbers in whose place NN is written.
Immediately I remembered the mirror reaching to the floor, which immediately (1) reflected the second torture (2) and ditch (3) Sharik, deer antlers in height, countless (4) fur coats and galoshes.
15. Place punctuation marks. Specify two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) In the distance the sound of a motor or the crunch of a fallen tree was heard.
2) Vasily Porfirych handed out a microscopic piece of prosphora to the children, drank some tea and sat down in the office.
3) This was a middle-aged gentleman, prim and dignified with a cautious and grumpy face.
4) For centuries these trees have been related to us and gave our ancestors creaky bast shoes and a smokeless splinter.
5) Darwin had poor health almost all his life, and this did not stop him from showing highest level intensity of mental work.
16. Place all punctuation marks:
The swimmer (1) was brave, deciding on such a night (2) to set off across the strait at a distance of twenty miles (3) and there must have been an important reason (4) that prompted him to do this.
17. Place all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.
Talking to you (1) my dear (2) I (3) finally (4) came to one single thought: if we (5) gentle (6) my friend (7) cannot breathe without each other (8) however (9) The will of our parents interferes with our well-being; is it possible for us to do without it?
18. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.
In Gorokhovaya Street, in one of the large houses (1) with a population (2) which (3) would be enough for an entire county town (4), Ilya Ilyich Oblomov was lying in bed in his apartment in the morning.
19. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.
Yegorushka looked around (1) and did not understand (2) where this strange song came from (3) but (4) when he listened (5) it began to seem to him (6) that it was the grass singing, complaining about the heat and drought.
20. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error, excluding unnecessary word. Write this word down.
It was useless to hide the true truth, and Serpilin did not consider himself entitled to do so
Read the text and complete tasks 21 – 26
(1) I recently received a letter in which a schoolgirl writes about her friend. (2) The literature teacher suggested that this friend write an essay about a very important Soviet writer. (3) And in this essay, the schoolgirl, paying tribute to both the genius of the writer and his significance in the history of literature, wrote that he had mistakes. (4) The teacher considered all this inappropriate and scolded her very much. (5) And so a friend of that schoolgirl turns to me with a question: is it possible to write about the mistakes of great people? (6) I answered her that it is not only possible, but also necessary to write about the mistakes of great people, that a person is great not because he has never made mistakes. (7) No one is free from mistakes in our life, in our complex life.
(8) What is important to a person? (9) How to live life? (10) First of all, do not commit any actions that would lower his dignity. (11) You can’t do very much in life, but if you don’t do anything, even small things, against your conscience, then by this very fact you bring enormous benefit. (12) Even in our everyday life, everyday life. (13) But in life there can also be difficult, bitter situations when a person is faced with the problem of choice - to be dishonored in the eyes of others or in his own. (14) I am sure that it is better to be dishonored in front of others than in front of your conscience. (15) A person must be able to sacrifice himself. (16) Of course, such a sacrifice is a heroic act. (17) But you need to go to it.
(18) When I say that a person should not go against his conscience, should not make a deal with it, I do not at all mean that a person cannot or should not make mistakes or stumble. (19) No one is free from mistakes in our complex life. (20) However, a person who has stumbled is in grave danger: he often falls into despair. (21) It begins to seem to him that everyone around him is a scoundrel, that everyone lies and acts badly. (22) Disappointment sets in, and disappointment, loss of faith in people, in decency - this is the worst thing.
(23) Yes, they say: “Take care of your honor from a young age.” (24) But even if you didn’t manage to preserve your honor from a young age, you need and can regain it in adulthood, break yourself, find the courage and courage to admit mistakes.
(25) I know a person whom everyone now admires, who is very much appreciated, whom I also admire recent years loved his life. (26) Meanwhile, in his youth he committed a bad act, a very bad one. (27) And he later told me about this act. (28) He admitted it himself. (29) Later, we were sailing with him on a ship, and he said, leaning on the deck railing: “And I thought that you wouldn’t even talk to me.” (30) I didn’t even understand what he was talking about: my attitude towards him changed much earlier than he confessed to the sins of his youth. (31) I myself already understood that he did not realize much of what he was doing...
(32) The path to repentance can be long and difficult. (33) But how admirable the courage to admit one’s guilt is - it adorns both the person and society.
(34) Anxiety of conscience... (35) They prompt, teach; they help not to violate ethical standards, to maintain dignity - the dignity of a morally living person.
(according to D.S. Likhachev*)
*Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev(1906–1999) – Soviet and Russian philologist, cultural scientist, art critic, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
21. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.
1) Likhachev writes that a schoolgirl, his student, approached him with a question.
2) In the text, such concepts as “honor” and “conscience” are very closely related to each other.
3) Sacrificing yourself is a heroic act, and you need to think very carefully before doing it.
4) When a person is at odds with his conscience, it seems to him that everyone around him is lying and doing bad things.
5) A friend of the hero-narrator confessed to him about the mistakes he had made on the ship.
22. Which of the following statements are faithful? Please provide answer numbers.
Enter the numbers in ascending order.
1) Sentences 13–14 present the reasoning.
2) Proposition 21 explains, reveals the content of sentence 20.
3) Proposition 24 contains a conclusion, a consequence of what is said in sentence 23.
4) Sentences 26–28 contain reasoning.
5) Sentences 34–35 provide a description.
23. From sentences 18–22, write out a phraseological unit with the meaning “to mean someone, something.”
24. Among sentences 1–7, find one(s) that is related to the previous one using a coordinating conjunction, demonstrative pronoun and word forms.
25. “Techniques of expressiveness in the works of D.S. Likhachev is played special role: they clarify the author’s idea, specify details, and place the necessary logical accents. In the presented text, among such techniques one can highlight (A)_______ (sentences 11–12) and (B)________ (in sentences 23, 29). A feature of D.S.’s style Likhachev also includes such a technique as (B)________ (“in our life” in sentence 7). Among the few tropes, it is worth highlighting (G)_______ (“bitter situations” in sentence 13.”
List of terms:
1) epithets
2) antonyms
3) parcellation
4) spoken words
5) series of homogeneous members of a sentence
6) quoting
7) lexical repetition
8) metonymy
9) assonance
26. Write an essay based on the text you read.
Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text.
Comment on the formulated problem. Include in your comment two illustrative examples from the text you read that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid excessive quoting).
Formulate the position of the author (storyteller). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on reading experience, as well as knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).
The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.
Option 4
1. Answer: 14|41.
2. Answer: however.
3. Answer: 2.
4. Answer: bear fruit.
5. Answer: evasion.
6. Answer: reliable.
7. Answer: 26579
8. Answer: come to terms with it
9. Answer: very angry
10. Answer: unstick
11. Answer: dozing
12. Answer: no wonder
13. Answer: why in defiance
14. Answer: 124.
15. Answer: 25
16. Answer: 12578
18. Answer: 14.
19. Answer: 2356.
20. Answer: true.
21. Answer: 24
22. Answer: 12.
23. Answer: 3
25. Answer: 3671
| Approximate range of problems | |
| 1. The problem of mistakes in human life. (Is it possible to live life without making any mistakes?) | 1. In our complex life, no one is free from mistakes. Making mistakes and realizing them is a natural process |
| 2. The problem of the relationship between the greatness of a person and the mistakes he has made. The problem of publicizing the mistakes of great people. (Can the greatness of a person consist in the fact that he has never made mistakes? Is the concept of “greatness” connected with the mistakes that a person makes? Is it possible to talk about the mistakes of great people or should it be hidden?) | 2. The greatness of a person does not consist in the fact that he has not made any mistakes. Therefore, we can and should talk about the mistakes of great people. |
| 3. The problem of the role of conscience in human life. (What is the role of conscience in a person’s life? Does living “according to conscience” protect against mistakes? Does living “according to conscience” bring benefits?) | 3. Living “according to conscience” does not protect against mistakes, but conscience is what prompts, teaches, helps not to violate ethical standards, and maintain the dignity of a morally living person. Even if a person has not done much in life, but lived in accordance with his conscience, he has already brought significant benefit. |
| 4. The problem of choosing guidelines on the path of life. (How should a person live his life? What is important for him to focus on first of all?) | 4. A person should not commit any actions that would lower his dignity. There is no need to go against your conscience. Therefore, the main guideline should be your own conscience. |
| 5. The problem of choice: to be dishonored in the eyes of others - or in your own. (Which is better: to be dishonored in the eyes of others or to lose honor and dignity in your own eyes?) | 5. It is better to be dishonored in front of other people than in front of your conscience. Of course, dishonor in the eyes of others is a great sacrifice, but it must be made... |
| 6. The problem of honor. (Is it possible, having committed a bad, dishonorable act in youth, to regain honor in adulthood?) | 6. If it was not possible to preserve honor from a young age, it can and should be regained in adulthood. |
| 7. The problem of repentance. (Do you need to repent of your mistakes?) | 7. Despite the fact that the path to repentance can be long and difficult, since admitting your mistakes is very difficult, it is very useful, it decorates a person, because repentance is a manifestation of courage |
| 8. The problem of the consequences of errors. (What dangers await a person who makes a mistake? What is one of the most terrible consequences of a mistake?) | 8. A person who has made a mistake may fall into despair. Then disappointment may set in, loss of faith in people, in decency, and this is the worst thing. |
* To formulate a problem, the examinee may use vocabulary that differs from that presented in the table. The issue can also be cited from original text or indicated using references to offer numbers
Option No. 7141591
When completing tasks with a short answer, enter in the answer field the number that corresponds to the number of the correct answer, or a number, a word, a sequence of letters (words) or numbers. The answer should be written without spaces or any additional characters. The answers to tasks 1-26 are a figure (number) or a word (several words), a sequence of numbers (numbers).
If the option is specified by the teacher, you can enter or upload answers to tasks with a detailed answer into the system. The teacher will see the results of completing tasks with a short answer and will be able to evaluate the downloaded answers to tasks with a long answer. The scores assigned by the teacher will appear in your statistics. The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.
Version for printing and copying in MS Word
Specify the number of pre-positions, in which it is correct to transfer to the MAIN information, co-holding -I'm in the text. Write down the number of these proposals.
1) Sha-ri-ko-k-handles, invented by Laszlo Biro at the request of the British air force, quickly for-e-va-li-pu- larity, despite a number of inaccurate statistics.
2) A pen capable of writing at high altitudes with low pressure was developed by a Briton Laszlo Biro: he used a rod made of re-covered metal sha-ri-com ka-na- la.
3) The first ball-handles, invented by order of the British Royal Air Force, were not re-created va-ny na-se-le-ni-em: people pre-po-chi-ta-li write with the usual pens.
4) Despite the fact that the first sha-ri-k-handles, invented by Laszlo Biro at the request of the British air force, had many due to the lack of statistics, they very quickly became popular due to their principal advantages over other Rye-you-mi ruch-ka-mi.
5) Laszlo Biro entered history as the inventor of a pen that could write at high altitudes at low dav-le-nii, not tsa-ra-pa-la bu-ma-gu and de-la-la less blots.
Answer:
Which of the following words (combinations of words) should appear in the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).
For example,
As a result
Besides,
Answer:
Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word LOW. Determine in what sense this word is used in the first (1) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this meaning in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.
SHORT, -th, -oe; - zok, - zka, - zko, - zki.
1) Small in height, located at a small height from the ground, from something. level. N. fence.
2) Not reaching the average level, less than the average norm, insignificant. Low prices.
3) Poor, unsatisfactory in terms of quality. N. variety.
4) Mean, dishonest (contemptuous). N. act.
5) Thick to the ear. N. bass.
Answer:
In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.
facilitate
visionary
fruit
Answer:
One of the sentences below uses the highlighted word incorrectly. Correct the mistake and write this word correctly.
All elements must form a single HARMONIOUS whole and correspond to your ideological plan.
He took a deep BREATH and decisively approached Gerasim.
The water was ICY, it made my teeth ache, and I swallowed with a ringing sound.
In the province, DEVIATION from honorary jury duty was insignificant in the early years.
A TECHNICAL chess player must be able to play on both flanks.
Answer:
In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the error and write the word correctly.
secured more RELIABLE
old PASSPORTS
LIE on your back
APPLE TREE seedlings
pick up from the MENCH
Answer:
Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and the sentences in which they were made: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
| GRAMMAR ERRORS | OFFERS | |
A) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition B) violation in the construction of a complex sentence C) incorrect construction of a sentence with a participial phrase D) incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech D) violation in the construction of sentences with homogeneous members | 1) Antipov bothered the repair service with complaints about the material being shipped to him to update the rail bed. 2) Standing on the threshold of the house, the parents looked for a long time after their children were leaving. 3) Upon arrival from Greece, I sat down to write a new book. 4) In “Ruslan and Lyudmila” A.S. Pushkin conveyed much of what he heard from his nanny Arina Rodionovna. 5) To get to Ryabtsev, who occupied an office on the fifth floor, Nastasya had to explain the purpose of her visit to a good dozen guards. 6) I was not accepted into the school basketball team. Because I was short. 7) When creating a project for a new building, the architect said that I want to make this building the most beautiful in the city. 8) Mistakes not only bring pain, but also make us wiser. 9) The war was a difficult test for the entire people, but everyone believed and hoped for victory. |
| A | B | IN | G | D |
Answer:
Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
hug..mother
pl..sneeze
insight
see (with the circumstances)
shining
Answer:
Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.
and..trying, in..leading (institution)
pr..possible, pr..shore
super..gra, ob..sk
oh...grandfather, oh...I'll tell you
(I see) in.. reality, angry
Answer:
Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.
hours..nka
stick up
industry..howl
beggarly
coughed..coughed
Answer:
Write down the word in which the letter E is written in the blank.
sheep
you'll have to endure it
dozing..shine
outlined..outlined
Answer:
Determine the sentence in which NOT is spelled together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.
Winter is (NOT) for nothing angry, its time has passed...
His home life, which was (NOT) INTERESTING to anyone around him, went on as usual.
It was a month of happiness (UN)Darkened by bad events.
My new friend was by no means a (NOT)POOR man, but his stinginess discouraged me.
Stas greeted Olga (NOT) cordially and warmly, but coldly and aloofly.
Answer:
Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are written CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write down these two words.
(WHY) in separation from her, (IN) DEPRESSION of slander, the heart in us is ready to bleed to the last drop...
(APPARENTLY), the very principle from which this truth comes obliges you, (IN) VIEW of your position in society, to recognize in it only an inner light.
(IN) THE MIDDLE of the room (IN) FOR 20 years there was the same table, covered with the same lace tablecloth.
I wanted at ALL costs to meet Sonya, to tell her how bored I was, how I suffered (IN) ALONE, not daring to admit my feelings to anyone.
The officer stood (at) Stretch, and the general, meanwhile, gave the order to the soldiers to form columns (by) TWO.
Answer:
Answer:
Place punctuation marks. Specify two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) In the distance the sound of a motor or the crunch of a fallen tree was heard.
2) Vasily Porfirych handed out a microscopic piece of prosphora to the children, drank some tea and sat down in the office.
3) This was a middle-aged gentleman, prim and dignified with a cautious and grumpy face.
4) For centuries these trees have been related to us and gave our ancestors creaky bast shoes and a smokeless splinter.
5) Darwin had poor health almost all his life, and this did not prevent him from demonstrating the highest level of intensity of mental work.
Answer:
The swimmer (1) was brave, deciding on such a night (2) to set off across the strait at a distance of twenty miles (3) and there must have been an important reason (4) that prompted him to do this.
Answer:
Add all missing punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.
Talking to you (1) my dear (2) I (3) finally (4) came to one single thought: if we (5) gentle (6) my friend (7) cannot breathe without each other (8) however (9) the will of the parents interferes with our
well-being, can’t we do without it?
Answer:
Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.
In Gorokhovaya Street, in one of the large houses (1) with a population (2) which (3) would be enough for an entire county town (4), Ilya Ilyich Oblomov was lying in bed in his apartment in the morning.
Answer:
Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.
Yegorushka looked around (1) and did not understand (2) where this strange song came from (3) but (4) when he listened (5) it began to seem to him (6) that it was the grass singing, complaining about the heat and drought.
Answer:
Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error, excluding unnecessary word. Write this word down.
A large company selling office equipment has a vacancy for a manager.
Answer:
Which of your sayings correspond to the text? Specify the number from the ve-tov.
1) Likhachev writes that a schoolgirl, his student, approached him with a question.
2) In the text, concepts such as “honor” and “conscience” are very closely connected with each other.
3) Sacrificing yourself is a heroic step, and you need to think very carefully before going for it.
4) When a person is not in harmony with his conscience, it seems to him that everyone around him is lying and acting badly.
5) The hero’s friend confessed to him that he had made mistakes in the warm-up.
(according to D.S. Likhachev*)
*Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev
Answer:
Which of the following statements are faithful? Please provide answer numbers.
Enter the numbers in ascending order.
1) Sentences 13–14 present the reasoning.
2) Proposition 21 explains, reveals the content of sentence 20.
3) Proposition 24 contains a conclusion, a consequence of what is said in sentence 23.
4) Sentences 26–28 contain reasoning.
5) Sentences 34–35 provide a description.
(1) I recently received a letter in which a schoolgirl writes about her friend. (2) The literature teacher suggested that this friend write an essay about a very important Soviet writer. (3) And in this essay, the schoolgirl, paying tribute to both the genius of the writer and his significance in the history of literature, wrote that he had mistakes. (4) The teacher considered all this inappropriate and scolded her very much. (5) And so a friend of that schoolgirl turns to me with a question: is it possible to write about the mistakes of great people? (6) I answered her that it is not only possible, but also necessary to write about the mistakes of great people, that a person is great not because he has never made mistakes. (7) No one is free from mistakes in our life, in our complex life.
(8) What is important to a person? (9) How to live life? (10) First of all, do not commit any actions that would lower his dignity. (11) You can’t do very much in life, but if you don’t do anything, even small things, against your conscience, then by this very fact you bring enormous benefit. (12) Even in our ordinary, everyday life. (13) But in life there can also be difficult, bitter situations when a person is faced with the problem of choice - to be dishonored in the eyes of others or in his own. (14) I am sure that it is better to be dishonored in front of others than in front of your conscience. (15) A person must be able to sacrifice himself. (16) Of course, such a sacrifice is a heroic act. (17) But you need to go to it.
(18) When I say that a person should not go against his conscience, should not make a deal with it, I do not at all mean that a person cannot or should not make mistakes or stumble. (19) No one is free from mistakes in our complex life. (20) However, a person who has stumbled is in grave danger: he often falls into despair. (21) It begins to seem to him that everyone around him is a scoundrel, that everyone lies and acts badly. (22) Disappointment sets in, and disappointment, loss of faith in people, in decency - this is the worst thing.
(23) Yes, they say: “Take care of your honor from a young age.” (24) But even if you didn’t manage to preserve your honor from a young age, you need and can regain it in adulthood, break yourself, find the courage and courage to admit mistakes.
(25) I know a man whom everyone now admires, who is very much appreciated, whom I loved in the last years of his life. (26) Meanwhile, in his youth he committed a bad act, a very bad one. (27) And he later told me about this act. (28) He admitted it himself. (29) Later, we were sailing with him on a ship, and he said, leaning on the deck railing: “And I thought that you wouldn’t even talk to me.” (30) I didn’t even understand what he was talking about: my attitude towards him changed much earlier than he confessed to the sins of his youth. (31) I myself already understood that he did not realize much of what he was doing...
(32) The path to repentance can be long and difficult. (33) But how admirable the courage to admit one’s guilt is - it adorns both the person and society.
(34) Anxiety of conscience... (35) They prompt, teach; they help not to violate ethical standards, to maintain dignity - the dignity of a morally living person.
(according to D.S. Likhachev*)
*Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev(1906–1999) – Soviet and Russian philologist, cultural scientist, art critic, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
(34) Anxiety of conscience... (35) They prompt, teach; they help not to violate ethical standards, to maintain dignity - the dignity of a morally living person.
(according to D.S. Likhachev*)
*Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev(1906–1999) – Soviet and Russian philologist, cultural scientist, art critic, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Answer:
From sentences 1–5, write down a phraseological unit.
(1) I recently received a letter in which a schoolgirl writes about her friend. (2) The literature teacher suggested that this friend write an essay about a very important Soviet writer. (3) And in this essay, the schoolgirl, paying tribute to both the genius of the writer and his significance in the history of literature, wrote that he had mistakes. (4) The teacher considered all this inappropriate and scolded her very much. (5) And so a friend of that schoolgirl turns to me with a question: is it possible to write about the mistakes of great people? (6) I answered her that it is not only possible, but also necessary to write about the mistakes of great people, that a person is great not because he has never made mistakes. (7) No one is free from mistakes in our life, in our complex life.
(8) What is important to a person? (9) How to live life? (10) First of all, do not commit any actions that would lower his dignity. (11) You can’t do very much in life, but if you don’t do anything, even small things, against your conscience, then by this very fact you bring enormous benefit. (12) Even in our ordinary, everyday life. (13) But in life there can also be difficult, bitter situations when a person is faced with the problem of choice - to be dishonored in the eyes of others or in his own. (14) I am sure that it is better to be dishonored in front of others than in front of your conscience. (15) A person must be able to sacrifice himself. (16) Of course, such a sacrifice is a heroic act. (17) But you need to go to it.
(18) When I say that a person should not go against his conscience, should not make a deal with it, I do not at all mean that a person cannot or should not make mistakes or stumble. (19) No one is free from mistakes in our complex life. (20) However, a person who has stumbled is in grave danger: he often falls into despair. (21) It begins to seem to him that everyone around him is a scoundrel, that everyone lies and acts badly. (22) Disappointment sets in, and disappointment, loss of faith in people, in decency - this is the worst thing.
(23) Yes, they say: “Take care of your honor from a young age.” (24) But even if you didn’t manage to preserve your honor from a young age, you need and can regain it in adulthood, break yourself, find the courage and courage to admit mistakes.
(25) I know a man whom everyone now admires, who is very much appreciated, whom I loved in the last years of his life. (26) Meanwhile, in his youth he committed a bad act, a very bad one. (27) And he later told me about this act. (28) He admitted it himself. (29) Later, we were sailing with him on a ship, and he said, leaning on the deck railing: “And I thought that you wouldn’t even talk to me.” (30) I didn’t even understand what he was talking about: my attitude towards him changed much earlier than he confessed to the sins of his youth. (31) I myself already understood that he did not realize much of what he was doing...
(32) The path to repentance can be long and difficult. (33) But how admirable the courage to admit one’s guilt is - it adorns both the person and society.
(34) Anxiety of conscience... (35) They prompt, teach; they help not to violate ethical standards, to maintain dignity - the dignity of a morally living person.
(according to D.S. Likhachev*)
*Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev(1906–1999) – Soviet and Russian philologist, cultural scientist, art critic, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
(1) I recently received a letter in which a schoolgirl writes about her friend. (2) The literature teacher suggested that this friend write an essay about a very important Soviet writer. (3) And in this essay, the schoolgirl, paying tribute to both the genius of the writer and his significance in the history of literature, wrote that he had mistakes. (4) The teacher considered all this inappropriate and scolded her very much. (5) And so a friend of that schoolgirl turns to me with a question: is it possible to write about the mistakes of great people?
Answer:
Among sentences 1–7, find one(s) that is related to the previous one using a coordinating conjunction, demonstrative pronoun, and word forms.
(1) I recently received a letter in which a schoolgirl writes about her friend. (2) The literature teacher suggested that this friend write an essay about a very important Soviet writer. (3) And in this essay, the schoolgirl, paying tribute to both the genius of the writer and his significance in the history of literature, wrote that he had mistakes. (4) The teacher considered all this inappropriate and scolded her very much. (5) And so a friend of that schoolgirl turns to me with a question: is it possible to write about the mistakes of great people? (6) I answered her that it is not only possible, but also necessary to write about the mistakes of great people, that a person is great not because he has never made mistakes. (7) No one is free from mistakes in our life, in our complex life.
(8) What is important to a person? (9) How to live life? (10) First of all, do not commit any actions that would lower his dignity. (11) You can’t do very much in life, but if you don’t do anything, even small things, against your conscience, then by this very fact you bring enormous benefit. (12) Even in our ordinary, everyday life. (13) But in life there can also be difficult, bitter situations when a person is faced with the problem of choice - to be dishonored in the eyes of others or in his own. (14) I am sure that it is better to be dishonored in front of others than in front of your conscience. (15) A person must be able to sacrifice himself. (16) Of course, such a sacrifice is a heroic act. (17) But you need to go to it.
(18) When I say that a person should not go against his conscience, should not make a deal with it, I do not at all mean that a person cannot or should not make mistakes or stumble. (19) No one is free from mistakes in our complex life. (20) However, a person who has stumbled is in grave danger: he often falls into despair. (21) It begins to seem to him that everyone around him is a scoundrel, that everyone lies and acts badly. (22) Disappointment sets in, and disappointment, loss of faith in people, in decency - this is the worst thing.
(23) Yes, they say: “Take care of your honor from a young age.” (24) But even if you didn’t manage to preserve your honor from a young age, you need and can regain it in adulthood, break yourself, find the courage and courage to admit mistakes.
(25) I know a man whom everyone now admires, who is very much appreciated, whom I loved in the last years of his life. (26) Meanwhile, in his youth he committed a bad act, a very bad one. (27) And he later told me about this act. (28) He admitted it himself. (29) Later, we were sailing with him on a ship, and he said, leaning on the deck railing: “And I thought that you wouldn’t even talk to me.” (30) I didn’t even understand what he was talking about: my attitude towards him changed much earlier than he confessed to the sins of his youth. (31) I myself already understood that he did not realize much of what he was doing...
(32) The path to repentance can be long and difficult. (33) But how admirable the courage to admit one’s guilt is - it adorns both the person and society.
(34) Anxiety of conscience... (35) They prompt, teach; they help not to violate ethical standards, to maintain dignity - the dignity of a morally living person.
(according to D.S. Likhachev*)
*Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev(1906–1999) – Soviet and Russian philologist, cultural scientist, art critic, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Answer:
Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed while completing tasks 20–23.
This fragment examines the linguistic features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Insert into the blanks (A, B, C, D) the numbers corresponding to the numbers of the terms from the list. Write down the corresponding number in the table under each letter.
Write down the sequence of numbers without spaces, commas or other additional characters.
“Techniques of expressiveness in the works of D.S. Likhachev play a special role: they clarify the author’s idea, specify details, and place the necessary logical accents. In the presented text, among such techniques one can highlight (A)_______ (sentences 11–12) and (B)________ (in sentences 23, 29). A feature of D.S.’s style Likhachev also includes such a technique as (B)________ (“in our life” in sentence 7). Among the few tropes, it is worth highlighting (G)_______ (“bitter situations” in sentence 13.”
List of terms:
1) epithets
2) antonyms
3) parcellation
4) spoken words
5) series of homogeneous members of a sentence
6) quoting
7) lexical repetition
8) metonymy
9) assonance
Write down the numbers in your answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:
| A | B | IN | G |
(1) I recently received a letter in which a schoolgirl writes about her friend. (2) The literature teacher suggested that this friend write an essay about a very important Soviet writer. (3) And in this essay, the schoolgirl, paying tribute to both the genius of the writer and his significance in the history of literature, wrote that he had mistakes. (4) The teacher considered all this inappropriate and scolded her very much. (5) And so a friend of that schoolgirl turns to me with a question: is it possible to write about the mistakes of great people? (6) I answered her that it is not only possible, but also necessary to write about the mistakes of great people, that a person is great not because he has never made mistakes. (7) No one is free from mistakes in our life, in our complex life.
(8) What is important to a person? (9) How to live life? (10) First of all, do not commit any actions that would lower his dignity. (11) You can’t do very much in life, but if you don’t do anything, even small things, against your conscience, then by this very fact you bring enormous benefit. (12) Even in our ordinary, everyday life. (13) But in life there can also be difficult, bitter situations when a person is faced with the problem of choice - to be dishonored in the eyes of others or in his own. (14) I am sure that it is better to be dishonored in front of others than in front of your conscience. (15) A person must be able to sacrifice himself. (16) Of course, such a sacrifice is a heroic act. (17) But you need to go to it.
(18) When I say that a person should not go against his conscience, should not make a deal with it, I do not at all mean that a person cannot or should not make mistakes or stumble. (19) No one is free from mistakes in our complex life. (20) However, a person who has stumbled is in grave danger: he often falls into despair. (21) It begins to seem to him that everyone around him is a scoundrel, that everyone lies and acts badly. (22) Disappointment sets in, and disappointment, loss of faith in people, in decency - this is the worst thing.
(23) Yes, they say: “Take care of your honor from a young age.” (24) But even if you didn’t manage to preserve your honor from a young age, you need and can regain it in adulthood, break yourself, find the courage and courage to admit mistakes.
(25) I know a man whom everyone now admires, who is very much appreciated, whom I loved in the last years of his life. (26) Meanwhile, in his youth he committed a bad act, a very bad one. (27) And he later told me about this act. (28) He admitted it himself. (29) Later, we were sailing with him on a ship, and he said, leaning on the deck railing: “And I thought that you wouldn’t even talk to me.” (30) I didn’t even understand what he was talking about: my attitude towards him changed much earlier than he confessed to the sins of his youth. (31) I myself already understood that he did not realize much of what he was doing...
(32) The path to repentance can be long and difficult. (33) But how admirable the courage to admit one’s guilt is - it adorns both the person and society.
Pro-com-men-ti-ruy-te-form-mu-ro-van-nuyu pro-ble-mu. Include in the commentary two examples from the pro-chi-tan-no-go text, which, according to Va- In our opinion, we use the text (from the over-the-measure-of-the-cit-ti- ro-va-niya). Explain the meaning of each example and indicate the semantic connection between them.
Form-mu-li-rui-te according to the position of the av-to-ra (tell-the-tale). You-ra-zi-te your attitude to the position of the author according to the pro-bl-me of the text (with-the-word or not -so-gla-sie) and surround it.
The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.
Work, on-pi-san-naya without relying on the pro-read text (not according to the given text), does not evaluate. If the co-representation is a re-said or completely re-written source text without any there were no com-men-ta-ri-ev, then such work is rated 0 points.
So-chi-ne-nie write-shi-te ak-ku-rat-but, sort-bor-chi-vym in black-com.
(1) I recently received a letter in which a schoolgirl writes about her friend. (2) The literature teacher suggested that this friend write an essay about a very important Soviet writer. (3) And in this essay, the schoolgirl, paying tribute to both the genius of the writer and his significance in the history of literature, wrote that he had mistakes. (4) The teacher considered all this inappropriate and scolded her very much. (5) And so a friend of that schoolgirl turns to me with a question: is it possible to write about the mistakes of great people? (6) I answered her that it is not only possible, but also necessary to write about the mistakes of great people, that a person is great not because he has never made mistakes. (7) No one is free from mistakes in our life, in our complex life.
(8) What is important to a person? (9) How to live life? (10) First of all, do not commit any actions that would lower his dignity. (11) You can’t do very much in life, but if you don’t do anything, even small things, against your conscience, then by this very fact you bring enormous benefit. (12) Even in our ordinary, everyday life. (13) But in life there can also be difficult, bitter situations when a person is faced with the problem of choice - to be dishonored in the eyes of others or in his own. (14) I am sure that it is better to be dishonored in front of others than in front of your conscience. (15) A person must be able to sacrifice himself. (16) Of course, such a sacrifice is a heroic act. (17) But you need to go to it.
(18) When I say that a person should not go against his conscience, should not make a deal with it, I do not at all mean that a person cannot or should not make mistakes or stumble. (19) No one is free from mistakes in our complex life. (20) However, a person who has stumbled is in grave danger: he often falls into despair. (21) It begins to seem to him that everyone around him is a scoundrel, that everyone lies and acts badly. (22) Disappointment sets in, and disappointment, loss of faith in people, in decency - this is the worst thing.
(23) Yes, they say: “Take care of your honor from a young age.” (24) But even if you didn’t manage to preserve your honor from a young age, you need and can regain it in adulthood, break yourself, find the courage and courage to admit mistakes.
(25) I know a man whom everyone now admires, who is very much appreciated, whom I loved in the last years of his life. (26) Meanwhile, in his youth he committed a bad act, a very bad one. (27) And he later told me about this act. (28) He admitted it himself. (29) Later, we were sailing with him on a ship, and he said, leaning on the deck railing: “And I thought that you wouldn’t even talk to me.” (30) I didn’t even understand what he was talking about: my attitude towards him changed much earlier than he confessed to the sins of his youth. (31) I myself already understood that he did not realize much of what he was doing...
(32) The path to repentance can be long and difficult. (33) But how admirable the courage to admit one’s guilt is - it adorns both the person and society.
(34) Anxiety of conscience... (35) They prompt, teach; they help not to violate ethical standards, to maintain dignity - the dignity of a morally living person.
(according to D.S. Likhachev*)
*Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev(1906–1999) – Soviet and Russian philologist, cultural scientist, art critic, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Solutions to long-answer tasks are not automatically checked.
The next page will ask you to check them yourself.
Complete testing, check answers, see solutions.
There are several main elements that contribute to the creation of a successful website. Interesting content, good design and ease of use are the most important elements that will help make your website popular.
Let's now take a closer look at the main elements of the site.
1. Content (content).
Good content is the most important key element of any website. Website content is the main reason why visitors visit your website. If the content on your site is of poor quality, you can be sure that random visitors will quickly leave your site and never return. The content of your website should be literate and well-designed. Truthful information about your company, products or services is a must. Never forget about placement general information about the company, as well as contact information. You should always remember that the information posted on the site should be useful to visitors. Also make sure that the site content is periodically updated and does not contain grammatical or lexical errors, as this is a direct reflection of the image of your company.
2. Visual appeal (beautiful design).
We all know the importance of first impressions. This importance extends to websites as well. Deciding whether to view website content largely depends on whether your visitor will like it appearance your site or not. The website design should be simple, but at the same time attractive (like our website :)). The site should be designed with taste, but should not be pretentious. Flickering letters and images can irritate and scare off most visitors instead of attracting them. In addition, this can make the information difficult to read, which is unlikely to please readers. On the other hand, dynamic and interactive elements give the site a modern look. IN this issue The balance of convenience, means of attracting attention and the information component is important.
3. User interface.
A good user interface is another key element of a good website. The user interface should be convenient for any user and should make it easy to find the information you need. For reference to key sections It is best to place it at the top of the site. This will make it easier to find the information you need. A good user interface also includes these links at the bottom of the site page, or even a few additional links. On large sites containing large number pages must have a site map.
4. Location of information.
You should not place text on top of a background, especially a dark background, as this makes it difficult to read. Research has shown that dark text on a white background is the best combination for reading and remembering. It is best to divide the text into paragraphs containing 4-5 sentences. Make sure your page contains enough white space to give it a crisp, clean look. All pages must have the same fields. There should be consistency throughout the site, which is achieved by using the same fonts, colors and layout on all pages. It has been observed that multiple scroll bars irritate visitors the most. Therefore, try to keep their use to a minimum.
5. Site search tools.
Good sites with many pages have a search area that is used by site visitors. This is a very useful feature as it allows potential customers to find what they need without much difficulty.
6. The design and content of the site must exist separately.
Most mature Internet sites combine the use of (X)HTML and CSS, which help separate design from content. Among the many benefits of using this standard is that by updating just one CSS file, the entire site changes. Moreover, separating content from design will ensure fast loading, since search engines you won't have to check additional codes to find out whether the site's content is appropriate or not.
Likewise, the minimal possible use of animation, music and video can ensure a fast loading site. Internet users usually do not have enough patience and time.
7. Mutual compatibility of browsers (cross-browser compatibility).
Another key element of a good website is compatibility with many major browsers and platforms. The success of a website can also depend on how well it is optimized for search engines.
These are just a few key elements of a good website. Thanks to the constant improvement of technology, new methods appear to improve the site that we use when creating sites.
Option 4
Read the text and complete tasks 1 – 3
(1) In 1943, the Hungarian Laszlo Biro, who received an order from the British Royal Air Force to develop a pen capable of writing at high altitudes at low pressure, first proposed the use of a rod consisting of a channel blocked by a metal ball. (2) The first ballpoint pens were simply terrible: the balls fell out, air bubbles blocked the writing unit, ink often began to leak, and at first people were more accustomed and, it seemed, easier to write with a regular fountain pen. (3)<…>a ballpoint pen could be written with stronger pressure than a fountain pen, it did not scratch the paper, made fewer blots, and therefore quickly gained popularity.
1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) Ballpoint pens, invented by Laszlo Biro at the request of the British Air Force, quickly gained popularity, despite a number of shortcomings.
2) A ballpoint pen capable of writing at high altitudes at low pressure was developed by the Briton Laszlo Biro: he used a rod consisting of a channel blocked by a metal ball.
3) The first ballpoint pens, invented by order of the British Royal Air Force, were not in demand by the population: people preferred to write with ordinary fountain pens.
4) Despite the fact that the first ballpoint pens, invented by Laszlo Biro at the request of the British Air Force, had many disadvantages, they very quickly became popular due to their fundamental advantages over fountain pens.
5) Laszlo Biro went down in history as the inventor of a ballpoint pen, which could write at high altitudes with low pressure, did not scratch the paper and made fewer blots.
2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should appear in the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).
For example,
As a result
Besides,
3. Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word LOW. Determine in what sense this word is used in the first (1) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this meaning in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.
SHORT , -th, -oe; - zok, - zka, - zko, - zki.
1) Small in height, located at a small height from the ground, from something. level.N. fence.
2) Not reaching the average level, less than the average norm, insignificant.Low prices.
3) Poor, unsatisfactory in terms of quality. N. variety.
4) Mean, dishonest (contemptuous).N. act.
5) Thick to the ear.N. bass.
4. In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.
facilitate
visionary
fruit
5. One of the sentences below uses the highlighted word incorrectly. Correct the mistake and write this word correctly.
All elements must form a single HARMONIOUS whole and correspond to your ideological plan.
He took a deep BREATH and decisively approached Gerasim.
The water was ICY, it made my teeth ache, and I swallowed with a ringing sound.
In the province, DEVIATION from honorary jury duty was insignificant in the early years.
A TECHNICAL chess player must be able to play on both flanks.
6. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form.Correct the error and write the word correctly.
secured more RELIABLE
old PASSPORTS
LIE on your back
APPLE TREE seedlings
pick up from the MENCH
7. Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and the sentences in which they were made: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
OFFERS
A) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition
B) violation in the construction of a complex sentence
C) incorrect construction of a sentence with a participial phrase
D) incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech
D) violation in the construction of sentences with homogeneous members
1) Antipov bothered the repair service with complaints about the material being shipped to him to update the rail bed.
2) Standing on the threshold of the house, the parents looked for a long time after their children were leaving.
3) Upon arrival from Greece, I sat down to write a new book.
4) In “Ruslan and Lyudmila” A.S. Pushkin conveyed much of what he heard from his nanny Arina Rodionovna.
5) To get to Ryabtsev, who occupied an office on the fifth floor, Nastasya had to explain the purpose of her visit to a good dozen guards.
6) I was not accepted into the school basketball team. Because I was short.
7) When creating a project for a new building, the architect said that I want to make this building the most beautiful in the city.
8) Mistakes not only bring pain, but also make us wiser.
9) The war was a difficult test for the entire people, but everyone believed and hoped for victory.
8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
hug..mother
pl..sneeze
insight
see (with the circumstances)
shining
9. Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.
and..trying, in..leading (institution)
pr..possible, pr..shore
super..gra, ob..sk
oh...grandfather, oh...I'll tell you
(I see) in.. reality, angry
10. Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.
hours..nka
stick up
industry..howl
beggarly
coughed..coughed
11. Write down the word in which the letter E is written in the blank.
sheep
you'll have to endure it
dozing..shine
outlined..outlined
12. Determine the sentence in which NOT is spelled together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.
Winter is (NOT) for nothing angry, its time has passed...
His home life, which was (NOT) INTERESTING to anyone around him, went on as usual.
It was a month of happiness (UN)Darkened by bad events.
My new friend was by no means a (NOT)POOR man, but his stinginess discouraged me.
Stas greeted Olga (NOT) cordially and warmly, but coldly and aloofly.
13. Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are written CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write down these two words.
(WHY) in separation from her, (IN) DEPRESSION of slander, the heart in us is ready to bleed to the last drop...
(APPARENTLY), the very principle from which this truth comes obliges you, (IN) VIEW of your position in society, to recognize in it only an inner light.
(IN) THE MIDDLE of the room (IN) FOR 20 years there was the same table, covered with the same lace tablecloth.
I wanted at ALL costs to meet Sonya, to tell her how bored I was, how I suffered (IN) ALONE, not daring to admit my feelings to anyone.
The officer stood (at) Stretch, and the general, meanwhile, gave the order to the soldiers to form columns (by) TWO.
14. Indicate all the numbers in whose place NN is written.
Immediately I remembered the mirror reaching to the floor, which immediately (1) reflected the second torture (2) and ditch (3) Sharik, deer antlers in height, countless (4) fur coats and galoshes.
15. Place punctuation marks . Specify two sentences in which you need to putONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) In the distance the sound of a motor or the crunch of a fallen tree was heard.
2) Vasily Porfirych handed out a microscopic piece of prosphora to the children, drank some tea and sat down in the office.
3) This was a middle-aged gentleman, prim and dignified with a cautious and grumpy face.
4) For centuries these trees have been related to us and gave our ancestors creaky bast shoes and a smokeless splinter.
5) Darwin had poor health almost all his life, and this did not prevent him from demonstrating the highest level of intensity of mental work.
16. Place all punctuation marks:
The swimmer (1) was brave, deciding on such a night (2) to set off across the strait at a distance of twenty miles (3) and there must have been an important reason (4) that prompted him to do this.
17. Place all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.
Talking to you (1) my dear (2) I (3) finally (4) came to one single thought: if we (5) gentle (6) my friend (7) cannot breathe without each other (8) however (9) The will of our parents interferes with our well-being; is it possible for us to do without it?
18. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.
In Gorokhovaya Street, in one of the large houses (1) with a population (2) which (3) would be enough for an entire county town (4), Ilya Ilyich Oblomov was lying in bed in his apartment in the morning.
19. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.
Yegorushka looked around (1) and did not understand (2) where this strange song came from (3) but (4) when he listened (5) it began to seem to him (6) that it was the grass singing, complaining about the heat and drought.
20. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error,excluding unnecessary word. Write this word down.
It was useless to hide the true truth, and Serpilin did not consider himself entitled to do so
Read the text and complete tasks 21 – 26
(1) I recently received a letter in which a schoolgirl writes about her friend. (2) The literature teacher suggested that this friend write an essay about a very important Soviet writer. (3) And in this essay, the schoolgirl, paying tribute to both the genius of the writer and his significance in the history of literature, wrote that he had mistakes. (4) The teacher considered all this inappropriate and scolded her very much. (5) And so a friend of that schoolgirl turns to me with a question: is it possible to write about the mistakes of great people? (6) I answered her that it is not only possible, but also necessary to write about the mistakes of great people, that a person is great not because he has never made mistakes. (7) No one is free from mistakes in our life, in our complex life.
(8) What is important to a person? (9) How to live life? (10) First of all, do not commit any actions that would lower his dignity. (11) You can’t do very much in life, but if you don’t do anything, even small things, against your conscience, then by this very fact you bring enormous benefit. (12) Even in our ordinary, everyday life. (13) But in life there can also be difficult, bitter situations when a person is faced with the problem of choice - to be dishonored in the eyes of others or in his own. (14) I am sure that it is better to be dishonored in front of others than in front of your conscience. (15) A person must be able to sacrifice himself. (16) Of course, such a sacrifice is a heroic act. (17) But you need to go to it.
(18) When I say that a person should not go against his conscience, should not make a deal with it, I do not at all mean that a person cannot or should not make mistakes or stumble. (19) No one is free from mistakes in our complex life. (20) However, a person who has stumbled is in grave danger: he often falls into despair. (21) It begins to seem to him that everyone around him is a scoundrel, that everyone lies and acts badly. (22) Disappointment sets in, and disappointment, loss of faith in people, in decency - this is the worst thing.
(23) Yes, they say: “Take care of your honor from a young age.” (24) But even if you didn’t manage to preserve your honor from a young age, you need and can regain it in adulthood, break yourself, find the courage and courage to admit mistakes.
(25) I know a man whom everyone now admires, who is very much appreciated, whom I loved in the last years of his life. (26) Meanwhile, in his youth he committed a bad act, a very bad one. (27) And he later told me about this act. (28) He admitted it himself. (29) Later, we were sailing with him on a ship, and he said, leaning on the deck railing: “And I thought that you wouldn’t even talk to me.” (30) I didn’t even understand what he was talking about: my attitude towards him changed much earlier than he confessed to the sins of his youth. (31) I myself already understood that he did not realize much of what he was doing...
(32) The path to repentance can be long and difficult. (33) But how admirable the courage to admit one’s guilt is - it adorns both the person and society.
(34) Anxiety of conscience... (35) They prompt, teach; they help not to violate ethical standards, to maintain dignity - the dignity of a morally living person.
(according to D.S. Likhachev*)
* Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev (1906–1999) – Soviet and Russian philologist, cultural scientist, art critic, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
21. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.
1) Likhachev writes that a schoolgirl, his student, approached him with a question.
2) In the text, such concepts as “honor” and “conscience” are very closely related to each other.
3) Sacrificing yourself is a heroic act, and you need to think very carefully before doing it.
4) When a person is at odds with his conscience, it seems to him that everyone around him is lying and doing bad things.
5) A friend of the hero-narrator confessed to him about the mistakes he had made on the ship.
22. Which of the following statements arefaithful ? Please provide answer numbers.
Enter the numbers in ascending order.
1) Sentences 13–14 present the reasoning.
2) Proposition 21 explains, reveals the content of sentence 20.
3) Proposition 24 contains a conclusion, a consequence of what is said in sentence 23.
4) Sentences 26–28 contain reasoning.
5) Sentences 34–35 provide a description.
23. From sentences 18–22, write out a phraseological unit with the meaning “to mean someone, something.”
24. Among sentences 1–7, find one(s) that is related to the previous one using a coordinating conjunction, demonstrative pronoun, and word forms.
25. “Techniques of expressiveness in the works of D.S. Likhachev play a special role: they clarify the author’s idea, specify details, and place the necessary logical accents. In the presented text, among such techniques one can highlight (A)_______ (sentences 11–12) and (B)________ (in sentences 23, 29). A feature of D.S.’s style Likhachev also includes such a technique as (B)________ (“in our life” in sentence 7). Among the few tropes, it is worth highlighting (G)_______ (“bitter situations” in sentence 13.”
List of terms:
1) epithets
2) antonyms
3) parcellation
4) spoken words
5) series of homogeneous members of a sentence
6) quoting
7) lexical repetition
8) metonymy
9) assonance
26. Write an essay based on the text you read.
Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text.
Comment on the formulated problem. Include in your comment two illustrative examples from the text you read that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid excessive quoting).
Formulate the position of the author (storyteller). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on reading experience, as well as knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).
The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.
Option 4
1. Answer: 14|41.
2. Answer: however.
3. Answer: 2.
4. Answer: bear fruit.
5. Answer: evasion.
6. Answer: reliable.
7. Answer: 26579
8. Answer: come to terms with it
9. Answer: very angry
10. Answer: unstick
11. Answer: dozing
12. Answer: no wonder
13. Answer: why in defiance
14. Answer: 124.
15. Answer: 25
16. Answer: 12578
18. Answer: 14.
19. Answer: 2356.
20. Answer: true.
21. Answer: 24
22. Answer: 12.
23. Answer: 3
25. Answer: 3671
1. In our complex life, no one is free from mistakes. Making mistakes and realizing them is a natural process
2. The problem of the relationship between the greatness of a person and the mistakes he has made. The problem of publicizing the mistakes of great people. (Can the greatness of a person consist in the fact that he has never made mistakes? Is the concept of “greatness” connected with the mistakes that a person makes? Is it possible to talk about the mistakes of great people or should it be hidden?)
2. The greatness of a person does not consist in the fact that he has not made any mistakes. Therefore, we can and should talk about the mistakes of great people.
3. The problem of the role of conscience in human life. (What is the role of conscience in a person’s life? Does living “according to conscience” protect against mistakes? Does living “according to conscience” bring benefits?)
3. Living “according to conscience” does not protect against mistakes, but conscience is what prompts, teaches, helps not to violate ethical standards, and maintain the dignity of a morally living person. Even if a person has not done much in life, but lived in accordance with his conscience, he has already brought significant benefit.
4. The problem of choosing guidelines on the path of life. (How should a person live his life? What is important for him to focus on first of all?)
4. A person should not commit any actions that would lower his dignity. There is no need to go against your conscience. Therefore, the main guideline should be your own conscience.
5. The problem of choice: to be dishonored in the eyes of others - or in your own. (Which is better: to be dishonored in the eyes of others or to lose honor and dignity in your own eyes?)
5. It is better to be dishonored in front of other people than in front of your conscience. Of course, dishonor in the eyes of others is a great sacrifice, but it must be made...
6. The problem of honor. (Is it possible, having committed a bad, dishonorable act in youth, to regain honor in adulthood?)
6. If it was not possible to preserve honor from a young age, it can and should be regained in adulthood.
7. The problem of repentance. (Do you need to repent of your mistakes?)
7. Despite the fact that the path to repentance can be long and difficult, since admitting your mistakes is very difficult, it is very useful, it decorates a person, because repentance is a manifestation of courage
8. The problem of the consequences of errors. (What dangers await a person who makes a mistake? What is one of the most terrible consequences of a mistake?)
8. A person who has made a mistake may fall into despair. Then disappointment may set in, loss of faith in people, in decency, and this is the worst thing.
* To formulate a problem, the examinee may use vocabulary that differs from that presented in the table. The issue may also be cited from the original text or indicated by reference to sentence numbers
Landscaping for a private house is the main stage of landscaping a site. It reflects the tastes and habits of the owners, making the space harmonious. All design elements - paths, flower beds, alpine slides, outdoor lighting, gazebos and others must form a single ensemble. For successful arrangement, it is important to keep in mind: the size and topography of the site, the style of the house facade, the correct combination of colors and visibility of the local area.
In this article we will look at the basics step by step. landscape design for a private home: functionality, correct location elements, creating a composition, working with chiaroscuro and perspective. And also how to use them to create a feeling of vast space even in a small area.
Design Basics
The basis for proper site design is a carefully thought-out composition. The filling of the adjacent area must meet 3 basic requirements: beauty, functionality and practicality. It is not enough to simply build an alpine slide or gazebo next to the house if they do not harmonize with the facade of the house and do not fit together. The first stage of design is choosing a design style. There are 2 main design principles:
- formal;
- landscape.
Most important point in the design of a summer cottage - this is the definition of a recreation area. There should be provisions such as gazebos, a children's area, a barbecue area and a barbecue. All this is designed and placed in accordance with light, shadow, relief.
The formal style presupposes the dominance of geometric shapes and the strict subordination of space to the rules created by man. The main features are symmetry and modification of the natural landscape. A characteristic element is the artificial giving of trees and shrubs the shape of a cube, oval, trapezoid, or ball. This is the so-called “French garden”, in which even flower beds are planted in the form geometric shapes.
When giving preference to a formal style, it is worth considering the possible disadvantages of such a solution. Dramatic changes to the natural landscape can completely destroy its natural attractiveness. Excessive pomposity and solemnity will harm even classic style, robbing it of its elegance.
Basic elements
The entire space of the site should be divided into functional zones. One of the elements becomes the central part of each. For the arrangement, small architectural forms are used: a gazebo, a sauna, an outdoor barbecue oven or grill, decorative arches. These also include decorative sculptures and fake wells. All this is connected by a system of garden paths and paths. If the family has a car, it is necessary to provide convenient access to the house.
Original flower stands
Decorative elements give an expressive accent to each zone. For example, a water barrel can turn into an original well - a decoy.
Buildings and structures
The basis of the functional content is made up of various MAFs (small architectural forms) and outbuildings. Their number and location depend on the size of the area. Some of them (for example, a garage or a bathhouse) can be attached to the house.
Road-tropical network
Garden paths should be beautiful and functional. They connect functional areas and serve as a decorative element. The material of the paths should be quite practical and safe: do not slip after rain, and be well cleaned from snow. Depending on the style, it is paving slabs, stone chips, brick, wood with antiseptic impregnation.
Flower beds
The easiest way to decorate a site is a flower garden, combining annuals and perennials. Such a flowerbed will serve as a decoration for the site from early spring to late autumn, with the correct selection of plants.
Arches and other architectural forms
Decorative arches and supports for climbing plants visually divide the area into zones and add originality. For example, the entrance to the patio can be decorated metal arch, entwined with decorative vines in summer. In winter, conifer branches or holly can be used as decoration.
Decorative arches as stands for climbing plants
Shrubs
For a green hedge, the following are best suited:
- boxwood;
- privet;
- irga;
- holly.
If you want a “French garden” with shrubs in the form of geometric shapes, they must be resistant to frequent pruning.
Ponds and fountains
Artificial ponds and decorative fountains are not only decorative element. They refresh the air in the area and create the required level of humidity for many plants. For Japanese garden A mandatory element will be not only a “rock garden”, but also a small pond with a decorative bridge. You can find out how to create an artificial waterfall on your site.
Video
Conclusions
Landscaping of a site at a private house is. It includes the functional content of the territory - lighting, landscaping system, as well as the style of the house decoration, combined with the facade of the house. A detailed arrangement plan is drawn up in advance. It includes the features of the territory used color scheme and the location of all elements. The project plan is drawn up independently or created by a landscape design specialist.