Simple- prepositions consisting of one word. For example: at , To, close, near .

Composite- prepositions consisting of several words. For example: for , in connection with .

Find simple and compound prepositions in the expressions (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Simple and compound prepositions.

Morphological analysis of the preposition includes feature extraction :

· productivity/non-productivity

rank by value

· immutability

· is not a member of the proposal.

Sample: I in continuation for just a few minutes he was gripped by horror.

І. In continuation - preposition, used with noun. in R.p.

II. Morphological characteristics:

1) derivative, formed from noun. with a pretext;

2) expresses temporary relationships;

3) an unchangeable word.

III. Syntactic function - not a member of the sentence.

Homework

Exercises No. 303-305. Baranov M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. and others. Russian language. 7th grade. Textbook. - M.: Education, 2012.

Exercise. Write down, opening the brackets, insert the missing letters where necessary. Make a complete morphological analysis of the highlighted words.

1. (B) cont.. in the morning and midday he was completely immersed... in calculations (L. Tolstoy). 2. Blue, transparent streams of smoke flowed from the fire To sea, (to) a meeting splashes of waves (Gorky). 3. She repeated her role, (as) she walked, bowed low and (not) how many times (after) she shook her head, (like) clay cats (Pushkin). 4. Keep in mind - the task is responsible (Ehrenburg). 5. You wrote to me something (to) account Sunday school? (Chekhov). 6. (B) other things, (in) mind lack of time.., let's not deviate from the main subject of the lecture.. (Chekhov). 7. Telegraph poles (after) that again appeared (in) the distance purple (in) the form of small sticks (Chekhov). 8. Or maybe some kind of bird (like) a heron (Chekhov). 9. And the boy was happy (c) consequences.. his journey (Turgenev). 10. Thunderstorms (on) over the steppe..moving..t..frequently (Paustovsky). 11. Mumu deftly turned out (from) under finger..in Stepan (Turgenev). 12. (In) the trail of the ek..pages and (to) meet them a crowd of men was moving thickly (Gorky). 13. Dimka decided that (as) an exception, this time Zhigan is not lying (Gaidar). 14. (In) the next (after) that he got out of bed.., took the violin, began to build (L. Tolstoy).

Didactic materials. Section "Preposition"

Features of the use of individual prepositions in the Russian language.

Lectures and electronic textbooks. Pretext.

4. Culture of written speech ().

Spelling prepositions.

Literature

1. Razumovskaya M.M., Lvova S.I. and others. Russian language. 7th grade. Textbook. 13th ed. - M.: Bustard, 2009.

2. Baranov M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. and others. Russian language. 7th grade. Textbook. 34th ed. - M.: Education, 2012.

Lesson topic: "Simple and compound prepositions."

Lesson objectives:

Educational: show the differences between simple and compound prepositions;

Educational: consolidate the ability to distinguish prepositions from independent parts of speech.

Educational: promote the development of interest and love for the Russian language.

Lesson type: combined lesson.

Equipment: Russian language textbook, 7th grade theory, practice, author. V.V. Babaytseva, L.D. Chesnokov, multimedia equipment, visual material (prepositions on the board).

Lesson progress:

Organizational moment.

Hello guys, you already know a lot about prepositions, you do excellent grammar tasks. Today you will get acquainted with another morphological feature of a preposition as a part of speech, because our topic today is “Simple and compound prepositions.”

Grammar task.(Displayed on the interactive board)

We will start the lesson with one grammar task. Assignment: distribute the phrases into two columns (n ​​or nn); Based on this, determine the part of speech (participle or verbal adjective).

A wounded fighter - a wounded soldier, sowing grain - sowing flour, a boy with a haircut - hair cut to zero - a shorn head , distilled water, linen notebook, burnt coffee - burnt letter.

Students perform the exercise on the spot, distributing phrases into two columns, inserting the missing letters. The degree of mastery of the topic, the ability to write one and two n in adjectives and participles, and distinguish between these parts of speech are checked.

Students complete this task in their notebooks. This is followed by mutual verification. Children exchange work and compare notes in their notebooks with the correct spelling, which appears on a cloned interactive whiteboard slide. Next, conclusions are drawn.

"The moment of truth."

The next stage of the lesson will show how well you have mastered the previous topics of the lesson, and whether you can distinguish a preposition from other parts of speech. So, turn to page 120, ex. 320. You need to determine which of the two phrases contains a derived preposition, and which contains an independent part of speech (which one?). You will also need to see and identify all the familiar spellings in prepositions. Two people perform the task at the board (one writes down phrases with independent parts of speech, the other with prepositions.) Check, discuss results and errors.

Explanation of a new topic.

Pay attention to prepositions despite, thanks to, during, as a result of(write them separately on the board). They are all derivatives, but they are somehow different, right? Yes, that's right, they differ in the number of words. Who can tell me what the topic of our lesson is called? Maybe someone has already guessed which prepositions are called simple and which are compound?

So, simple prepositions consist of one word, compound ones - of several. Do you think there are prepositions consisting of three words? Then write down, these are prepositions : in contrast to, in connection with, in close proximity to and some others. And come up with a sentence with any preposition that you like best, be sure to highlight it.

Let's continue. We found out that there are simple and compound prepositions. But that's not all. There is a small group of prepositions called complex prepositions. There are few of them, but you should still know them and be able to distinguish them. Can you guess what these pretexts are? And, for example, the preposition from behind (the table) Which group do you belong to? It turns out that the complex prepositions are those that are hyphenated.

Systematization of knowledge.

Now divide your page into three columns, one will be “Simple”, the other will be “Complex”, the third will be “Compound”. Write down in these columns examples of prepositions that you remember (students voice which prepositions they write down). With simple and compound ones everything is more or less clear, let me help you with the complex ones. For example: because of, from under, for, over, under, with, under, etc.

Consolidation of knowledge.

To logically complete your work, come up with one sentence with each type of preposition. In addition, indicate which preposition in your sentence is in terms of meaning and origin (derivative, non-derivative).

Knowledge test.

Who can summarize everything you learned in class today? What else can you say about compound prepositions that has never been heard in class today? Maybe you noticed one of its features. If not, look at your sentences, what are the characteristics of compound prepositions? That's right, they are all derivatives. From what parts of speech can prepositions be formed?

Summing up.

Did you like today's lesson? How was it useful to you? How do you evaluate your work?

Homework.

Find several examples of complex prepositions in the literature\ any printed publications. Do the exercise. 322, p. 121.

Prepositions- function words that express various relationships between words and are used as a means of syntactic subordination of nouns or pronouns to other words in a sentence and phrase.

Prepositions take a position before a noun (pronoun) or before an adjective relating to this noun (pronoun). Only a few prepositions can follow a noun: for the sake of, in spite of, in spite of, towards. For example, for God's sake or for God's sake.

A preposition, together with the case ending of a noun, forms a prepositional-case construction and is a grammatical means of connecting words in a sentence: return from school, tell fortunes on coffee grounds, etc. Some prepositions are always used with the same case: for example, the preposition to - with the dative (to go to the house), pro - with the accusative (to tell about the exhibition), etc. Other prepositions in different sentences can be used with different cases and express different relationships of nouns to other words in the sentence. For example, the preposition by can be combined with the dative case (talking on the phone), the accusative case (getting bogged down) and the prepositional case (at the end of the session).

In modern Russian, the class of prepositions is constantly replenished due to the transition of other parts of speech to it.

Based on their origin, prepositions are divided into two groups: non-derivative and derived prepositions.

Non-derivatives (antiderivatives) prepositions are not related in origin to other parts of speech: in, to, from, for, on, etc.

Derivatives (non-derivatives) Prepositions by origin are related to other parts of speech. So, the prepositions around, on the contrary, along, next to came from adverbs, and the prepositions during, in continuation, about, etc. came from nouns, the prepositions thanks to, including, starting with, etc. came from verbs.

Derived prepositions are often homonymous to the words from which they are derived. For example: Thanks to (preposition) you, I was able to solve the problem. I wrote to him, thanking (gerund) for his help. Prepositions differ from the producing word in combinability: the preposition thanks is combined with the dative case form of the noun (thanks to a friend), and the gerund thanks is combined with the accusative case of the noun (thanks to a friend). Material from the site

In addition, the prepositions during, in continuation, in conclusion must be distinguished from nouns. Nouns (flow, continuation, conclusion) have a lexical meaning; a noun can change the form of number and case. Prepositions express only temporary relations and do not change.

Based on their composition, prepositions are divided into simple and compound prepositions.

Simple prepositions consist of one word: about, on, in, as a result, etc.

Compound prepositions include two or three words: regardless of, during, judging by, in contrast to, towards, etc.

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• Prepositions are simple and compound, derivative and non-derivative.
• essay on the topic of simple and compound prepositions
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• preposition - definition

They are divided by structure, meaning, composition, and method of formation: derivative and non-derivative prepositions, single-valued and polysemantic, simple, complex and compound prepositions, by category depending on the part of speech from which the preposition is formed.

Under meaning of prepositions, since they do not have independent meaning, understand the grammatical relations that they express in combination with indirect cases of nouns. Prepositions serve as indicators of the syntactic connections of words with each other (for example, think about the future). They are directly connected in speech with case forms and are used with a certain case (or cases), being in connection with one or another case form. Together with the case endings of nouns, prepositions express various semantic meanings. In other words, the lexical meaning of a preposition depends on the lexical meaning of the significant words (main and dependent) that it connects. Moreover, when combined with the same case form of a noun, prepositions convey different shades of adverbial meanings. By value prepositions are divided into categories:

• spatial(point to the place): in, from, to, at, on, because of, over, under, about, around, in front of, near etc.:

  lives V village, working on factory, resting under Moscow, etc.

• temporary(indicate time): to, in, through, by, from, to, before, during, on the eve, during:

  charger By morning, rest on holidays, work for month

• causal(indicate the reason): from, from evil, for, due to, due to, by chance, thanks to, in view of, as a result of, due to etc.:

  error By inattention, trembled from fear

• targeted(point to target): in, by, to, for, for, for, etc.:

  say V joke, speech To occasion, go on rest

• course of action(indicate the course of action): with, without, in, from etc.:

  work With hobby, laugh from souls

• object(indicates the object to which the action is directed): about, about, about, with, on, regarding, regarding etc.:

  miss your son, find out about money (cf.: transfer money to the customer’s account)

Depending on with how many case forms prepositions are related, they are divided into:

1. unambiguous - prepositions that are used with one case:

   at house (P.p.), To home (D.p.), from forests (RP);

2. polysemantic- prepositions that can express different meanings when used with several cases:

   forgot on table (spatial meaning), absent on minute (time value), believe on word (meaning a manner of action).

That. in different case constructions and with different cases, prepositions can have different meanings. For example, the preposition By “Dictionary of the Russian Language” by S.I. Ozhegov identifies 15 meanings; The large academic dictionary of the Russian language lists more than 30 meanings of the preposition on .

By its structure prepositions are divided into:

1. Non-derivatives (or primitives) is a small and non-replenishing group of the simplest words that have always belonged to this part of speech (were not formed from other words):

   without, in (in), before, for, for, from (iso), to (to), except, between, on, over (need), about (about, about), from (from), on, under ( under), before (before), with, about, for the sake of, with (with), through, at, through; from behind, from under; over, over, under.

   Almost all such prepositions are ambiguous. Many can combine with more than one case form of a name. The meanings of prepositions depend on the meanings of the cases with which they are combined and on the meanings of the controlled nouns. A non-derivative preposition can be combined with three cases ( by, from), with two cases ( in, for, between, between. on, oh, under) or with one case ( without, for, before, from, because of, from under, to, over, from, in front of, with, about, for the sake of, at, through, for, over).

2. Derivatives (or non-primitive) are prepositions formed from independent parts of speech by losing their meaning and morphological characteristics. Derived prepositions include words that are formed from adverbs, nouns and gerunds. The meanings of derived prepositions are determined by the meanings of the adverbs, nouns and gerunds from which they were formed. There are significantly more derived prepositions than non-derivative ones. All of them are usually unambiguous, and each such preposition is connected with only one case. Derivative prepositions are divided into simple and compound. Simples coincide with adverbs, nouns and gerunds ( along, near, thanks), compounds were formed from adverbs, nouns and gerunds with non-derivative prepositions ( close to, at the expense of, despite).

Derivative prepositions are divided into categories depending on those parts of speech from which they were derived:

1. adverbial , formed from adverbs, mainly express spatial and temporal relationships:
   • simple:

     near, close, deep, along, instead, instead, out, inside, near, around, in front, like, in spite of, after, past, above, towards, on the eve, except, on the contrary, about, on top, like, behind, besides, across, after, in the middle, in the middle, before, against, behind, above, over, through, among, accordingly, accordingly, etc.;

   • compound:

     close to, (not) far from, far from, up to, henceforth to, regardless of, in relation to, along with, after, after, together with, along with, next to, in accordance with, comparatively with.

2. denominate formed from various case forms of nouns and express objective and some adverbial relations:
   • simple:

     by, through, type (people like Ivanov), order (temperature of about one hundred degrees);

   • compound:

     in view of, by virtue of, during, in continuation of, as a consequence of, as, about, to the extent of, during, on occasion, in the matter of, in connection with, for the reason of, on account of, on the part of, etc.

3. verbal formed from verb forms (gerunds) and express various adverbial relations:
   • simple:

     thanks to, excluding, including, after, counting, ending, starting;

   • compound:

     starting from, based on, judging by, despite, despite, etc.

By structure prepositions are divided into:

1. simple - prepositions - both non-derivative and derivative, which consist of one word, mostly one- and two-syllable. These are primarily non-derivative and some derivative prepositions, for example,

   by, past, among, in, for, etc.

Russian language

MORPHOLOGY

11. Preposition

Preposition as a functional part of speech.

Pretext- this is a service part of speech that expresses the dependence of nouns, numerals, pronouns on other words in phrases and sentences. Prepositions are not members of the sentence, but are included in the members of the sentence, for example: In the forest the woodcutter's ax was heard(N. Nekrasov).

Places by value.

According to their meaning, prepositions are divided into categories:

1. spatial prepositions. They indicate a place, for example: in, on, under, about, at, to, above;
2. temporary prepositions. They indicate time, for example: through, to, before, with, before, during;
3. causal prepositions. They indicate the reason, for example: by, from, as a result of, because of, for, in view of;
4. targeted prepositions. They indicate a target, for example: for, for, on;
5. prepositions course of action. They indicate a course of action, for example: with, without, in, by;
6. additional prepositions. They indicate the object to which the action is directed, for example: about, about, about, with, on, about.

Some prepositions can express different meanings, for example: preposition To can convey spatial and temporal values ​​( come up To home, come over To one o'clock in the afternoon).

Non-derivatives and derivatives.

There are prepositions derivatives And non-derivatives.

TO derivative These include prepositions that were formed by the transition of independent parts of speech into auxiliary ones, while losing their lexical meaning and morphological features, for example: preposition by(convince by hard evidence) comes from a noun by in the instrumental case ( serves as a convenient by ). Derivative prepositions are usually used with one case, for example: preposition thanks to used only with the dative case ( thanks to courage).

TO non-derivative These include prepositions that are not formed from independent parts of speech, for example: to, for, from, to, under, with, at, through. Most non-derivative prepositions are used with different cases.

Simple and compound.

There are prepositions simple And composite.

Simple Prepositions consisting of only one word are called, for example: under, with, at, about, because of, near.

Composite Prepositions consisting of two or three words are called, for example: in connection with, on account of, during, in connection with.

Single-valued and multi-valued.

There are prepositions unambiguous And polysemantic.

Single digits prepositions are used with only one case, for example: from the forest(gen. p.), to the house(dat. p.).

Note. It should be remembered that prepositions thanks, according to, despite, in defiance, towards are used only with the dative case.

Multiple-valued prepositions can be used with several cases, for example: preposition under used with accusative ( take under control) And instrumental cases (sleep under roof).

Spelling.

1. Complex prepositions are written with a hyphen because of, from under, over, for, under, with, for, for, for.
2. Derivative prepositions formed on the basis of adverbs are written together, for example: go out to meet the guests, the date was at the top of the letter.
3. Derivative prepositions are written together: as a result, in view of, about, instead of, like, like, over.
   Note. Collocation keep in mind written in three words.
4. Derivative prepositions are written separately: during, in continuation, for reason, for the purpose of, on the part of, in the form of, in connection with.