Vladimir Vysotsky is a Soviet poet, theater and film actor, songwriter (bard). He is the author of more than 600 songs on a variety of topics.
In addition to his brilliant songs, thanks to which he became famous throughout the world, he managed to play many iconic roles in theater and cinema. According to recent polls, Vysotsky took 2nd place in the list of “Russian idols of the 20th century,” second only to.
We bring to your attention the biography of Vysotsky. Of course, this biography, like the vast majority, contains many paradoxes. But first things first.
So, in front of you short biography Vladimir Vysotsky. .
Brief biography of Vysotsky
Vladimir Semenovich Vysotsky was born on January 25, 1938 in. He lived in a large communal apartment with his parents. His father, Semyon Vladimirovich, was an actor and bard, and his mother, Nina Maksimovna, worked as a translator and assistant.
Childhood and youth
16-year-old Vysotsky According to the artist, his first song was “Tattoo”, performed by him in 1961. He considered his idol the then famous musician and actor -.
Vysotsky began writing songs more seriously in the 60s. But at first his work was not appreciated. Listeners were little attracted to the yard theme, and in such an unusual execution.
It must be said that at that time the musician himself did not take his compositions seriously, saying that he wrote simply for his friends and “home gatherings.”
Vysotsky experimented with different genres, trying to talk about serious things in simple words. In 1965 he wrote the famous song “ Submarine", instantly loved by the public.
From that moment on, Vladimir Vysotsky repeatedly wrote songs for films, and also took part in the filming himself.
In 1968, his debut album was recorded with his songs heard in the film “Vertical”. The composition “Song about a Friend” immediately gained incredible popularity in society.
In 1975, the bard recorded the gramophone record “V. Vysotsky. Self-portrait." This album is notable for the fact that each song was accompanied by comments from the author.
In 1978, an important event occurred in Vysotsky’s biography: he was awarded the highest category of pop vocalist. Thus, the Soviet Ministry of Culture officially recognized the artist’s work.
The popularity of Vysotsky's songs grew every day. His poems and manner of performance so impressed foreign listeners that they massively bought pirated recordings of the artist.
In 1979, Vladimir Semenovich was invited to perform in and. At the same time, he took part in the creation of the famous almanac "Metropol", which was not influenced by censorship.
It was released in 12 copies, one of which was illegally exported to the United States and officially published there.
Vysotsky did not stop giving concerts in large and provincial cities. One day, while on tour, he met a gypsy musician, with whom he recorded many compositions.
Despite the fact that in recent years Vysotsky had serious problems health, he did not stop performing in front of the public, while also playing in the theater.
He wrote more than 600 songs and about 200 poems. Wherever the musician appeared, stunning success and love from the public awaited him. Concert halls were always crowded, because everyone wanted to hear Vysotsky’s hysterical, hoarse cry: “Save our souls.”
During its creative biography he recorded 7 of his own albums and 11 collections of other people's songs performed by him. However, the exact number of his albums is not known for certain.
The fact is that they were published in different countries, were often not allowed for sales, and were also rewritten many times.
Life in cinema
Vysotsky played his first acting role in the film “Peers”. This was followed by more serious films: “The Career of Dima Gorin” and “The 713th Requests Landing.” However, directors still did not trust him with leading roles.
Perhaps this was due to the fact that Vysotsky began to abuse alcohol. Subsequently, alcohol became the cause of many problems in his personal and creative biography.
The painting “Vertical” brought national love and recognition to Vladimir Semenovich, for which he wrote everything musical compositions. The day after the film was released, Vysotsky became the favorite actor and musician of many Soviet citizens.
Once upon a time, in his distant childhood, young Volodya performed compositions by popular authors on the guitar, and now in every courtyard group young people vied with each other to sing his own songs.
Vysotsky really liked cinema, so, despite the colossal workload in the theater and constant bard concerts, he continued to act in films with famous directors.
He managed to play in such popular films as “Two Comrades Served,” “Master of the Taiga,” “Brief Encounters,” etc.
Despite public recognition, Vysotsky was in serious confrontation with the authorities. The Communist Party constantly put a spoke in the musician’s wheels, doing everything possible to prevent the spread of his songs.
To be fair, it should be noted that with all this, many heads of government agencies openly sympathized with Vysotsky, helping to resolve certain problems.
Due to the constant incredible workload, Vladimir Vysotsky began to drink seriously, which is why he was repeatedly kicked out of his native Taganka theater.
However, then he was again offered the main roles, which he performed brilliantly on stage. It was at this time that he played Hamlet, which became his calling card.
No matter what problems the bard faced in life, he never faked it, but completely devoted himself to what he loved.
For the first time on television, he was shown in the Estonian program “The Guy from Taganka,” where viewers could learn in more detail about the life of their idol. Then he appeared on French television, where he performed original songs and answered questions from the audience.
Despite the enormous interest in Vysotsky on the part of domestic and foreign citizens, during his lifetime he was never shown on the USSR Central Television.
One of the most iconic roles in the actor’s creative biography was his work in the TV series “The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed.” Vysotsky played senior detective Gleb Zheglov so skillfully and truthfully that the image of this hero became attached to him for the rest of his life.
Many of this film entered Soviet culture as an integral part of it.
Vysotsky's wives
Officially, Vysotsky was married 3 times. However, there were much more beloved women in his biography.
First wife
In 1960, student Vladimir Vysotsky, at the age of 22, married Isolda Zhukova, who also studied at the Moscow Art Theater. However, their family union fell apart very quickly, without lasting even a year.
Second wife
In 1962, Lyudmila Abramova became the artist’s second wife, who bore him two sons - Arkady and Nikita. However, in 1970 their official divorce took place.
Third wife
The third and last wife of Vladimir Vysotsky was Marina Vladi. He fell in love with her as soon as he first saw her on TV. The musician constantly thought about her and watched films with her participation.
One day, completely by chance, he met Vladi at a restaurant for lunch. The actor, without hesitation, walked to her table and began to look her straight in the eye. This look predetermined their future fate.
Vladimir Vysotsky and Marina Vladi In general, it is no wonder that Vysotsky managed to win the heart of a French woman, because women literally pursued the famous poet and musician.
In 1970 they got married. For 10 years, until Vysotsky’s death, Marina Vladi remained next to him, and was for him not only his beloved woman, but also a reliable support in life.
However, their marriage was far from ideal. The musician was repeatedly spotted surrounded by other girls, which was often the cause of family quarrels.
Romance with Afanasyeva
It is reliably known that Vysotsky had an affair with Oksana Afanasyeva, his junior by 20 years. It was real love with reverent courtship and deep feelings.
The artist’s legal wife lived in Moscow at that time, but at the same time knew very well about her husband’s love affairs.
Soon Afanasyeva moved to Vysotsky’s apartment and began living with him. After a little time, the artist began to cheat on her.
Diseases and addictions
Despite his excellent physical shape, Vladimir never stood out good health. In principle, this is not surprising. After all, constant abuse of alcohol and the use of various drugs does not pass without leaving a trace.
Vysotsky smoked at least a pack of cigarettes per day. At the same time, he himself already wanted to get rid of alcohol and drug addiction, periodically undergoing treatment in different clinics in Russia and France.
However, all these attempts were unsuccessful. Marina Vladi sent him expensive medicines from France, but they also did not help.
In 1969, he suffered his first serious attack, which could have been fatal for him. His throat suddenly started bleeding, as a result of which Vladi urgently called an ambulance.
Surprisingly, at first the doctors did not want to help him, explaining that the patient was about to die. The situation was saved by Marina’s persistence, who began to threaten the doctors with a diplomatic scandal.
Fortunately, the doctors managed to deliver him to the hospital in a timely manner and perform the corresponding operation, which lasted about 18 hours.
However, all these warning signs did not in any way affect the great bard’s lifestyle. He continued to drink alcohol, as a result of which his kidneys and heart began to seriously worry.
Later, Vysotsky himself began to take some drugs, thinking that they would help him get rid of his addiction to alcohol. Already in the mid-70s, he was discovered to have a persistent drug addiction.
Each time he increased the doses of morphine and amphetamine, without which he could no longer live a day.
In Vysotsky’s biography there are facts indicating that in 1979 in Bukhara he experienced clinical death.
Death and funeral
On July 25, 1980, Vladimir Semenovich Vysotsky died at the age of 42. It is reliably known that on that day he had a presentiment of his own death and even warned his mother about it.
Before this, the doctor gave him a sedative injection so that he could get some sleep. Thus, the greatest Russian bard died in his sleep.
The musician's relatives insisted on not conducting an autopsy, which is why the exact cause of his death remains unknown. Vysotsky's relatives and friends believe that drugs ruined him.
The Soviet leadership did everything possible to ensure that his death was known as widely as possible. fewer people. In many ways, the reason for this was the Summer Olympics, held that year in Moscow.
The authorities did not want to spoil gala event news of the death of a national favorite. Only at the box office of the Taganka Theater was a message posted about Vysotsky’s death, after which a crowd of people gathered near the theater in a matter of minutes.
Vysotsky's funeral Despite the fact that information about the funeral was not disseminated, a huge number of people came to say goodbye to the great artist. The line moving to the entrance to Taganka stretched for nine kilometers.
According to reports from the Moscow Main Internal Affairs Directorate, 108 thousand people gathered on Taganskaya Square and the surrounding areas that day.
Here are some memories of Vysotsky’s son, 16-year-old Nikita:
“We slowly moved behind the bus and watched as people, breaking through the cordon, threw bouquets under the bus. The entire funeral column rode along the flowers. I have never seen anything like this either before or since. It was as if someone had staged this crowd scene, like in a movie. That day I heard that flower shops in Moscow were empty...”
The director of the cemetery was an admirer of the talent of Vladimir Vysotsky, so he made sure that he was buried not far from the entrance. He would later be fired because of this.
Many years have passed since Vysotsky’s death, but even today his grave remains one of the most visited at the Vagankovskoye cemetery.
Vysotsky wrote his last poems to his wife Marina Vladi:
And there is ice below and above - I toil between -
Should I punch through the top or drill through the bottom?
Of course - to emerge and not lose hope,
And then we get down to business waiting for visas.
The ice is above me, break and crack!
I'm covered in sweat, like a plowman from a plow.
I'll return to you, like the ships from the song,
Remembering everything, even old poems.
I am less than half a century old - forty-something -
I am alive, I am protected by you and the Lord.
I have something to sing when I appear before the Almighty,
I have something to justify myself before Him.
If you liked Vysotsky’s biography, share it on social networks. If you like biographies of great people in general, and in particular, subscribe to the site IinterestingFakty.org. It's always interesting with us!
Did you like the post? Press any button.
Vysotsky Vladimir Semenovich, (1938-1980) Russian poet and actor
Born on January 25, 1938 in Moscow in the family of a military signalman. In 1947-1949. lived with his father and his second wife in the city of Eberswalde-Finow (Germany), then returned to Moscow.
While studying at school, Vysotsky studied in a drama club and wanted to enter a theater institute, but at the insistence of his parents he passed exams at the Moscow Construction Institute named after V.V. Kuibyshev, from which he soon left. In the summer of 1956 he entered the School-Studio named after V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko at the Moscow Art Theater.
After graduating from the studio (1960), he worked at the Moscow Drama Theater named after A. S. Pushkin and at the Moscow Theater of Miniatures. Then he started acting in films.
In 1964 he was accepted into the Moscow Taganka Drama and Comedy Theater, where he worked until the end of his life. The artist played more than 20 roles on the Taganka stage, of which the most famous is the role of Hamlet from Shakespeare's tragedy of the same name.
In 1960-1961 Vysotsky's first songs appeared. During his life he created about a thousand of them. Not officially recognized, bypassing radio, television, and print, thanks to tapes, Vysotsky’s songs became known to everyone.
Many songs and ballads were intended for films. In 1966, Vysotsky starred in the film “Vertical” and wrote five songs for it. In total, he played in 30 feature films. The last years of Vysotsky's life were dramatic. Despite his nationwide popularity, he could not achieve the publication of his poems or the release of records; suffered greatly from the persecution unleashed in the press. He was sick from overexertion, and in 1979 he suffered clinical death.
He died on July 25, 1980 in Moscow, and was buried at the Vagankovskoye cemetery. Only after his death was the first collection of his poems, “Nerve” (1981), published.
In 1987, for the role of MUR captain Gleb Zheglov in the five-episode television film directed by S. S. Govorukhin “The meeting place cannot be changed,” he was posthumously awarded the USSR State Prize.
Vladimir Semenovich Vysotsky - poet, songwriter (25.1.1938 Moscow - 25.7.1980 there). Father is a communications colonel, mother is a translator of technical literature (from German language). Vladimir Semenovich lived in 1947-49. with his parents in Eberswalde near Berlin, from 1956 to 1960. he studied at the Moscow Art Theater School and then, after graduating, played on the stages of Moscow theaters.
Since 1964, he became the leading actor of the most avant-garde Moscow stage - the Taganka Theater under the direction of Yu. Lyubimov. The roles played here, including Hamlet, and in 26 films, where Vysotsky performed songs with a guitar, soon brought him extraordinary popularity. Vladimir Semenovich performed songs publicly, as well as at home, but the lyrics of his songs were not published. They were distributed in the USSR on millions of tapes and cassettes. Some of them appeared on 25 pages of the uncensored Metropol almanac.
Vladimir Vysotsky was married to a French actress of Russian origin, Marina Vladimirovna Polyakova (her artistic name is Marina Vladi). With its help, he was able to periodically obtain visas to travel to France, and in 1979 he made a concert tour of the United States.
His early death did not receive any official resonance, but was responded to by popular grief, a spontaneous night demonstration in front of the Taganka Theater, in which several tens of thousands of people from all segments of the population took part (a unique, almost unimaginable event during the decades of Soviet power). Thousands of admirers of the poet come to the grave of Vladimir Semenovich at the Vagankovskoye cemetery from year to year. After his death, the USSR was allowed to publish the collection " Nerve" (1981), containing 130 poems selected by Robert Rozhdestvensky. Some famous songs are not included here at all, others (for example, " Ballad of Wolf's Death" And " Black eyes") cut in half. Publication in 3 volumes" Songs and poems"(1981-83), published in New York, contains about 600 songs, some prose, statements by Vladimir Vysotsky about his work and literature about him. Since 1986, perestroika opened the official way for him to reach the reader in the USSR.
Vysotsky as a bard is close to B. Okudzhava and A. Galich. He became an idol for millions Soviet people. He owes this to his talent for a deeply personal perception of the lives of his compatriots and contemporaries; their joys and sorrows, fears and hopes are reflected with complete truthfulness in his songs, performed with such dedication that one can call it selflessness. Vysotsky’s emotional excitement is completely transmitted to his Russian listeners. At the same time, he is capable of embodying tragedies and destinies that he himself has not experienced - this applies primarily to the horrors of war and camp torture. His main position is religiosity, pacifism, willingness to help; his means of expression diverse: descriptiveness, accusation, humor, wit, irony, spell. In his manner of performance, in his singing there was roughness and hoarseness, there was pathos and changes - and always in full accordance with the text. “The note of the city outskirts, the courtyards of hastily paved Russia found itself in it” (A. Voznesensky, in the magazine “New World”, 1982, No. 11, p. 116). He sang, “creating, as it were, a synthesis of poetry and the trash of everyday life, music and the vulgarity of Soviet life, theater and the popular vulture of street voices” (A. Krugly).
Vladimir Vysotsky was born on January 25, 1938 in Moscow in the maternity hospital on 3rd Meshchanskaya Street. 61/2. His father, Semyon Vladimirovich 1915-1997, was a colonel of the Soviet Army, originally from Kyiv, and his mother Nina Maksimovna, nee Seregina, 1912-2003. and worked as a German translator. The Vysotsky family lived in a Moscow communal apartment in difficult conditions, and had serious financial difficulties; when Vladimir was 10 months old, his mother had to go to work to help her husband earn a living.
Vladimir's theatrical inclinations became apparent at an early age, and were supported by his paternal grandmother Dora Bronstein, a theater fan, to whom the boy read poetry while standing on a chair and "throwing his hair back like a real poet", often using expressions in his public appearances, which he could hardly hear at home
When the Second World War began, Semyon Vysotsky, a military reserve officer, was drafted into the Soviet army and went to fight the Nazis. Nina and Vladimir were evacuated to the village of Vorontsovka, Orenburg region, where the boy spent six days a week in kindergarten, and his mother worked twelve hours a day at a chemical plant in 1943, they returned to their Moscow apartment at 126 1st Meshchanskaya Street. On September 1, 1945, Vladimir went to the 1st grade of the 273rd Moscow School.
In December 1946, Vysotsky's parents divorced and from 1947 to 1949, Vladimir lived with Semyon Vladimirovich and his Armenian wife, Evgenia Stepanovna Likholatova, whom the boy called “Aunt Zhenya,” at a military base in Eberswalde in East Germany. "We decided that our son would stay with me. Vladimir came to stay with me in January 1947, and my second wife, Evgenia, became Vladimir's second mother for many years to come, they had a lot in common and they loved each other, which made me truly happy,” Semyon Vysotsky later recalled. In 1949, Vladimir returned to Moscow and entered the 5th grade of Moscow School No. 128 and settled in Bolshoi Karetny, 15. In 1953, Vladimir Vysotsky entered theater courses. In 1955, he was given his first guitar for his birthday, and the bard and future famous Soviet pop lyricist Igor Kokhanovsky showed him the first chords. In the same year, Volodya moves to his mother at 1st Meshchanskaya, 76, and also finishes school
Career
In 1955, Vladimir entered the Moscow Institute of Civil Engineering, but dropped out after just one semester in June 1956 to pursue an acting career. He entered the Moscow Art Theater School and after graduating in 1960, he was accepted into the Moscow Drama Theater named after A. S. Pushkin under the leadership of Boris Ravenskikh, where he worked fitfully for three years.
In 1961, he recorded his first song “Tatu”, and already in 1963 at the Gorky Film Studio, he recorded an hour-long tape of his own songs. Copies quickly spread throughout the country and the author's name became known, although many of these songs were often referred to as "street" or "anonymous" just a few months later in Riga, grandmaster Mikhail Tal praised the author of the "big Karetny", and Anna Akhmatova in a conversation with Joseph Brodsky quoted the passage “I was the soul of a bad company.” In October 1964, Vysotsky recorded 48 of his own songs, which further increased his popularity as a new star of the Moscow folk underground.
In 1964, Director Yuri Lyubimov invited Vysotsky to join the Taganka Theater and already. September 19, 1964. Vysotsky made his debut in the play based on Brecht's play " kind man from Szechwan" The Life of Galileo premiered on May 17, 1966 and was transformed by Lyubimov into a powerful allegory of the moral and intellectual dilemmas of the Soviet intelligentsia.
In 1967, Vysotsky starred in the film “Vertical” by Stanislav Govorukhin and Boris Durov, this role brought him all-Union fame. The Melodiya company is releasing a record with songs from the film.
On December 1, 1970, he marries Marina Vladi, and the newlyweds go on their honeymoon to Georgia.
In 1971, an alcoholic nervous breakdown led Vysotsky to the Moscow Kashchenko Psychiatric Clinic, by which time he was suffering from alcoholism. Having partially recovered with the help of Marina Vladi, Vysotsky goes on a concert tour of Ukraine and records new songs.
November 29, 1971, the premiere of Hamlet at Taganka, an innovative production by Lyubimov with Vysotsky in the title role - a lonely intellectual rebel who rises up to fight the cruel state machine
In April 1973, Vysotsky visited Poland and France; predictable problems associated with official permission were quickly resolved after the leader of the French Communist Party, Georges Marchais, called Leonid Brezhnev, who, according to the memoirs of Marina Vladi, was quite sympathetic to the star couple.
In 1974, Melodiya released a record on which four songs about the war were presented. In September of the same year, Vysotsky received his first state award - an Honorary Diploma of the Uzbek SSR following a tour with other actors from the Taganka Theater in Uzbekistan.
In 1975, Vysotsky made his third trip to France, where he rather riskily visited his former tutor, and now famous dissident emigrant Andrei Sinyavsky.
In September 1976, Vysotsky and Taganka went on tour to Yugoslavia, where Hamlet won first prize at the annual BITEF festival.
In 1977, Vladimir Semenovich’s health deteriorated greatly to such an extent that in April he found himself in the intensive care center of a Moscow clinic in a state of physical and mental collapse
The year 1978 began with a series of concerts in Moscow and Ukraine, and in May Vysotsky began a new major film project: “The meeting place cannot be changed.”
In January 1979, Vysotsky again visited America with a very successful series of concerts.
At the beginning of 1980, Vysotsky asked Lyubimov for a year's leave. On January 22, 1980, Vysotsky arrived at the Ostankino Television Center to record his one and only studio concert for Soviet television.
Death
Although several theories about the singer's ultimate cause of death persist to this day, including some rather sinister ones, given what is now known about cardiovascular diseases, it seems likely that at the time of his death, Vysotsky had a progressive coronary condition caused by years of tobacco, alcohol and drug addiction, as well as his grueling work schedule and stress. Vysotsky suffered from alcoholism for most of his life, and around 1977, he began using amphetamines and other prescription drugs in an attempt to combat debilitating hangovers and ultimately kick his alcohol addiction. On July 25, 1979, exactly a year before his death, he suffered clinical death during a concert tour in Uzbekistan
Fully aware of the danger of his condition, Vysotsky made several attempts to cure himself of addiction. he underwent an experimental blood purification procedure proposed by a leading drug rehabilitation specialist in Moscow.
Relations with Marina Vladi were deteriorating; he was torn between his devotion to her and his love for his mistress Oksana Afanasyeva.
On July 3, 1980, Vysotsky gave a performance in a concert hall near Moscow; one of the stage managers recalls that he looked clearly unhealthy.
On July 23, Vysotsky experienced another collapse. The next day he suffered a heart attack. Died on the morning of July 25, 1980.
There was no official announcement of the actor’s death, only a short obituary appeared in the Evening Moscow newspaper, but despite this, tens of thousands of fans of his talent came to say goodbye to their beloved artist. Vysotsky was buried at the Vagankovskoye cemetery in Moscow.
Vladimir Vysotsky was born on January 25, 1938 in Moscow into a military family. The future poet spent his early childhood in a cramped communal apartment. In 1941 - 1943, during the Great Patriotic War, Vladimir and his mother were evacuated in the Orenburg region. Since 1947, Vysotsky has lived with his father in Germany. At the end of 1949 he returned to Moscow.
Training, first roles
In 1953, Vysotsky became a member of the drama club, under the leadership of the Moscow Art Theater artist V. Bogomolov. In the same year, the poet created his first poem - “My Oath.”
In 1955, Vladimir Semenovich graduated from school and entered the Civil Engineering Institute in Moscow. Six months later, he leaves the institute, deciding to enter the theater school.
In 1956, Vysotsky, whose biography abruptly changed direction, entered the acting department of the Moscow Art Theater School. In 1959, Vladimir Semenovich made his debut in a theater production (Porfiry Petrovich in Crime and Punishment) and a film (the film Gossip Girls).
Actor and musician
After completing his studies, since 1960 Vladimir Semenovich has been working at the Drama Theater named after. Pushkin in Moscow. In 1961, Vysotsky wrote his first song - “Tattoo”.
After working a little at the Theater of Miniatures, Vladimir Semenovich got a job at the Taganka Drama and Comedy Theater. In 1968, the musician’s first album, “Songs from the movie “Vertical””, was released.
In 1970, an important event occurred in Vysotsky’s personal life - the poet married actress Marina Vladi, who became his third wife and muse. In the fall of 1971, at the Taganka Theater, Vladimir Semenovich debuted with his most famous role - Prince Hamlet from Shakespeare's tragedy of the same name.
Recent years
In February 1978, Vysotsky was awarded the highest category of pop vocalist. While touring with the Taganka Theater troupe, Vladimir Semenovich visited Bulgaria, France, Germany, Yugoslavia, Canada, the USA, Poland, Mexico, Hungary, and Tahiti.
In Vysotsky’s brief biography, it is worth mentioning that in the last years of his life the actor became addicted to drugs, smoked a lot, and drank a lot. In 1979, during a performance in Bukhara, Vladimir Semenovich experienced clinical death.
On July 18, 1980, Vysotsky played the role of Hamlet for the last time. A week later, on July 25, 1980, Vysotsky died of heart failure. The poet was buried at the Vagankovskoye cemetery in Moscow.