History of the NKVD KGB. What is gpu (ogpu): decoding, functions. How does the VChK differ from the GPU? “He knows me from working together”

1 Main Directorate (intelligence), 2 Main Directorate (counterintelligence), 3 Main Directorate (military counterintelligence), 4 Directorate (anti-Soviet underground, nationalist formations and hostile elements)...

February 1954 - Decision of the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee of February 8, 1954 on the separation of state security agencies from the Ministry of Internal Affairs
March 1954 - Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Council of March 13, 1954 on the formation of the KGB under the USSR Council of Ministers

The main tasks of the KGB under the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1954):

"a) conducting intelligence work in capitalist countries;

b) the fight against espionage, sabotage, terrorism and other subversive activities of foreign intelligence services within the USSR;

c) the fight against enemy activities of all kinds of anti-Soviet elements within the USSR;

d) counterintelligence work in the Soviet Army and Navy;

e) organization of encryption and decryption business in the country;

f) protection of party and government leaders"

KGB under the Council of Ministers of the USSR (March 1954):

1 Main Directorate (intelligence), 2 Main Directorate (counterintelligence), 3 Main Directorate (military counterintelligence), 4 Directorate (anti-Soviet underground, nationalist formations and hostile elements), 5 Directorate (counterintelligence at particularly important government facilities), 6 Directorate (counterintelligence in transport), 7 directorate (surveillance), 8 Main directorate (cryptography), 9 directorate (protection of party and government leaders), 10 (Department of the Commandant of the Moscow Kremlin), Personnel Directorate, Investigation Department, 1 special department (counterintelligence in the nuclear industry) , 2 special department (use of operational equipment), 3 special department (documents), 4 special department (radio counterintelligence), 5 special department (production of operational equipment), department " WITH"(government communications), Accounting and Archives Department (AAD), Prison Department, Economic Management, Financial Planning Department, Accounting, Mobilization Department, Department of Educational Institutions, Secretariat, Inspection.

"Regulations on the KGB under the Council of Ministers of the USSR"approved by the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee on December 23, 1958 and introduced by the Resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers of December 23, 1958. Functions of the KGB:

"a) intelligence work in capitalist countries;

b) the fight against espionage, sabotage, terrorism and other subversive activities;

c) combating the hostile activities of anti-Soviet and nationalist elements;

d) counterintelligence work in the SA, Navy, Civil Air Fleet, in the PV and the troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs;

e) counterintelligence work at special facilities, especially important industrial facilities and transport;

f) protection of state borders;

g) protection of party and government leaders;

h) organization and provision of government communications;

i) organization of radio counterintelligence work"

KGB under the Council of Ministers of the USSR (March 1960):

1 Main Directorate, 2 Main Directorate, 3 Directorate, 7 Directorate, 8 Main Directorate, 9 Directorate, Operational and Technical Directorate (OTU), Personnel Directorate, Investigation Department, Accounting and Archives Department (ARD), Main Directorate border troops(GUPV), Economic Administration (HOZU), Government Communications Department (GCC), Financial Planning Department, Mobilization Department, Secretariat, Group under the Chairman

KGB under the Council of Ministers of the USSR (December 1967):

1 Main Directorate, 2 Main Directorate, 3 Directorate, 5 Directorate, 7 Directorate, 8 Main Directorate, 9 Directorate, Operational and Technical Directorate (OTU), Personnel Directorate, Investigation Department, 10 Department (accounting and archiving), 11 Department, 12 Department (hearing control of premises and telephones), Main Directorate of Border Troops (GUPV), Economic Department (HOZU), Government Communications Department (GCC), Financial and Planning Department, Mobilization Department, Secretariat, Inspectorate under the Chairman, Group of Consultants under the Chairman

The structure of the KGB, given by Gordievsky:

CHAPTERS

First (reconnaissance)
Second (internal security and counterintelligence)
Border troops
Eighth (communications and encryption service)

MANAGEMENT

Third (military counterintelligence)
Fifth (political, ideological issues)
Sixth (economic counterintelligence and industrial security)
Seventh (surveillance)
Ninth Directorate (Government Security)
Operational and technical (OTU)
Fifteenth (security of state facilities)
Sixteenth (radio interception and electronic intelligence)
Construction of military facilities

DEPARTMENTS AND SERVICES

Investigation department
Government Communications
KGB Higher School
Sixth department (interception and clarification of correspondence)
Twelfth Department (audition)

Structure of the First Main Directorate of the KGB - foreign intelligence ()

MANAGEMENT AND SERVICES

Management R (operational planning and analysis)
Directorate K (counterintelligence)
Directorate C (illegals)
Directorate T (scientific and technical intelligence)
Directorate of Intelligence Information (Analysis and Assessment)
Department of the Republic of Tatarstan (operations on the territory of the USSR)
Labor Protection Management (operational and technical)
Management I (computer service)
Service A (disinformation, covert operations)
Service R (radio communications)
Service A of the Eighth Main Directorate of the KGB PGU (encryption services)
Electronic intelligence - RP direction

Chairmen of the KGB

Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kryuchkov (October 1988 - August 1991)
Viktor Mikhailovich Chebrikov (December 1982 - October 1988)
Vitaly Vasilievich Fedorchuk (May - December 1982)
Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov (May 1967 - May 1982)

Congratulations to FSB employees on the 90th anniversary of education!
I dedicate the picture below to the thousands of security officers who watch Jacob every day, tracking the comments of all users of our site;)))!

The history of creation is under the cut.

FSB brief history creation..

(7) December 20, 1917 resolution of the Council of People's Commissars to combat counter-revolution and sabotage in Soviet Russia The All-Russian Extraordinary Commission (VChK) was formed. F.E. Dzerzhinsky was appointed its first chairman. He held this post until February 6, 1922. From July to August 1918 The duties of the Chairman of the Cheka were temporarily performed by Y.Kh. Peters

GPU
February 6, 1922 The All-Russian Central Executive Committee adopted a resolution on the abolition of the Cheka and the formation of the State Political Administration (GPU) under the NKVD of the RSFSR.

The 5-year badge of the Cheka-GPU with the inscription: “VChK-GPU. 1917-1922” was established in 1923. The badge was awarded for the merciless fight against counter-revolution. The holder of the badge was awarded the title of Honorary Worker of the Cheka-GPU. He had the right to carry weapons and enter all GPU buildings. The first to be awarded were employees of the Cheka and the State Political Administration who participated in the defeat of the Union for the Defense of the Motherland and Freedom, the National Center, the Tactical Center, and in carrying out operations Trust and Syndicate, which ended with the arrests of B. Savinkov and S. Reilly.

OGPU
November 2, 1923 The Presidium of the USSR Central Executive Committee created the United State Political Administration (OGPU) under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. F.E. Dzerzhinsky remained the chairman of the GPU and OGPU until the end of his life (July 20, 1926), who was replaced by V.R. Menzhinsky, who headed the OGPU until 1934.

On December 17, 1927, by order of the OGPU, a sign with the profile of F.E. was established for the 10th anniversary of the security agencies. Dzerzhinsky against the background of a red banner. The place where the “anniversary badge” was worn was determined to be the left breast pocket.

On November 23, 1932, the OGPU issued an order that stated: “In commemoration of the 15th anniversary, establish the badge “VChK-OGPU.” 1917-1932", which is given the significance of the highest award of the OGPU collegium." The award of the badge was carried out until the end of 1940 to employees of the OGPU, and since 1934 - to the Main Directorate of State Security of the NKVD of the USSR, who distinguished themselves "in the fight against counter-revolution" and suppressing the hostile machinations of foreign intelligence services as in Russia and in Republican Spain.

NKVD
July 10, 1934 In accordance with the resolution of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, state security bodies became part of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD) of the USSR. After the death of Menzhinsky, the work of the OGPU, and later the NKVD from 1934 to 1936. directed by G.G. Yagoda. From 1936 to 1938 The NKVD was headed by N.I. Ezhov. From November 1938 to 1945 The head of the NKVD was L.P. Beria.

The badge "Honored Worker of the NKVD", put into effect by decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR on December 31, 1940, was awarded to employees "for merits in leadership or direct performance of work to protect state security and for the successful completion of special government assignments." This badge was also awarded to employees who distinguished themselves on the fronts of the Second World War, who managed to neutralize the efforts of the Abwehr and the Gestapo. The awards were made until 1946, when the NKVD was transformed into the Ministry of State Security.

NKGB
USSR
February 3, 1941 The NKVD of the USSR was divided into two independent bodies: the NKVD of the USSR and the People's Commissariat of State Security (NKGB) of the USSR. People's Commissar of Internal Affairs - L.P. Beria. People's Commissar of State Security - V.N. Merkulov. In July 1941 The NKGB of the USSR and the NKVD of the USSR were again united into a single People's Commissariat - the NKVD of the USSR. In April 1943 The People's Commissariat of State Security of the USSR was re-formed, headed by V.N. Merkulov.

MGB
March 15, 1946 The NKGB was transformed into the Ministry of State Security. Minister - V.S.Abakumov. In 1951 - 1953 The post of Minister of State Security was held by S.D. Ignatiev. In March 1953 a decision was made to merge the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of State Security into a single Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, headed by S.N. Kruglov.

The badge "Honored Chekist of the MGB" was repeated in appearance badge "Honored Worker of the NKVD". Established in 1946.

Ministry of Internal Affairs March 7, 1953 a decision was made to merge the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of State Security into a single Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, headed by S.N. Kruglov.

KGB
USSR
March 13, 1954 The State Security Committee was created under the Council of Ministers of the USSR.
From 1954 to 1958 The leadership of the KGB was carried out by I.A. Serov,
from 1958 to 1961 - A.N. Shelepin,
from 1961 to 1967 - V.E. Semichastny,
from 1967 to 1982 - Yu.V.Andropov,
from May to December 1982 - V.V. Fedorchuk,
from 1982 to 1988 - V.M. Chebrikov,
from 1988 to August 1991 - V.A. Kryuchkov,
from August to November 1991 - V.V. Bakatin.
December 3, 1991 USSR President M.S. Gorbachev signed the Law “On the reorganization of state security bodies.” On the basis of the Law, the KGB of the USSR was abolished and, for the transition period, the Inter-Republican Security Service and the Central Intelligence Service of the USSR (currently the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation) were created on its basis.

KGB - STEPS OF FORMATION

SME
November 28, 1991 USSR President M.S. Gorbachev signed the Decree “On approval of the Temporary Regulations on the Inter-Republican Security Service.”
Head - V.V. Bakatin (from November 1991 to December 1991).

KGB
RSFSR
May 6, 1991 Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR B.N. Yeltsin and Chairman of the KGB of the USSR V.A. Kryuchkov signed a protocol on the formation in accordance with the decision of the Congress of People's Deputies of Russia of the State Security Committee of the RSFSR, which has the status of a union-republican state committee. V.V. Ivanenko was appointed its head.

In 1957, three years after the formation of the KGB under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, for the 40th anniversary of the state security agencies, the badge “Honorary State Security Officer” was established. The award was made “for specific results achieved in operational activities” in accordance with the decision of the Committee board. This award was given to 7,375 people.

AFB
November 26, 1991 Russian President B.N. Yeltsin signed a Decree on the transformation of the KGB of the RSFSR into the Federal Security Agency of the RSFSR.
Headed the AFB - V.V. Ivanenko from November 1991 to December 1991.

MB
January 24, 1992 Russian President B.N. Yeltsin signed a Decree on the formation of the Ministry of Security Russian Federation on the basis of the abolished Federal Security Agency of the RSFSR and the Inter-Republican Security Service.
Minister - V.P.Barannikov since January 1992 to July 1993,
N.M.Golushko since July 1993 to December 1993

FSK
December 21, 1993 Russian President B.N. Yeltsin signed a Decree on the abolition of the Ministry of Security and on the creation of the Federal Counterintelligence Service.
Director - N.M. Golushko since December 1993. to March 1994,
S.V. Stepashin since March 1994 to June 1995

By order of the FSB of March 22, 1994, the badge “Honorary Counterintelligence Officer” was established. They were awarded for special merits in operational activities and demonstrated initiative and perseverance. The awardees were provided with benefits in the field of medical, sanatorium and housing support, they were assigned a monthly bonus to their official salary and were given the right to wear a military uniform upon dismissal, regardless of length of service.

FSB
April 3, 1995 Russian President B.N. Yeltsin signed the Law “On Bodies of the Federal Security Service in the Russian Federation”, on the basis of which the FSB is the legal successor of the FSK.
Director - M.I. Barsukov since July 1995. to June 1996,
N.D. Kovalev since July 1996 to July 1998,
V.V. Putin since July 1998 to August 1999,
N.P. Patrushev since August 1999

The badge of three degrees "For service in counterintelligence" was established by order of the FSB No. 256 of July 12, 1994. This badge is awarded to military personnel and civilian personnel of the FSB of the Russian Federation “for their achievements.” positive results in official activities and having worked in security agencies for at least 15 years." As of December 2000, the badge "For Service in Counterintelligence" was awarded to 16 working employees of the FSB Directorate in the Yaroslavl Region.

FSB MEDAL "FOR EXCELLENCE IN MILITARY SERVICE" 1st class

The history of creation is under the cut.

FSB brief history of creation..

(7) December 20, 1917 By resolution of the Council of People's Commissars, the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission (VChK) was formed to combat counter-revolution and sabotage in Soviet Russia. F.E. Dzerzhinsky was appointed its first chairman. He held this post until February 6, 1922. From July to August 1918 The duties of the Chairman of the Cheka were temporarily performed by Y.Kh. Peters

The badge “Honored Chekist of the MGB” repeated in appearance the badge “Honored Worker of the NKVD”. Established in 1946.

KGB - STEPS OF FORMATION

MB
January 24, 1992 President of the Russian Federation B.N. Yeltsin signed a Decree on the formation of the Ministry of Security of the Russian Federation on the basis of the abolished Federal Security Agency of the RSFSR and the Inter-Republican Security Service.
Minister - V.P.Barannikov since January 1992 to July 1993,
N.M.Golushko since July 1993 to December 1993

The badge of three degrees "For service in counterintelligence" was established by order of the FSB No. 256 of July 12, 1994. This badge is awarded to military personnel and civilian personnel of the FSB of the Russian Federation “for achieving positive results in their official activities and having worked in security agencies for at least 15 years.” As of December 2000, the badge “For Service in Counterintelligence” was awarded to 16 working employees of the FSB Directorate for the Yaroslavl Region.

FSB MEDAL "FOR EXCELLENCE IN MILITARY SERVICE" 1st class

Cheka December 20, 1917 resolution of the Council of People's Commissars to combat

counter-revolution and sabotage in Soviet Russia, the All-Russian

Extraordinary Commission (EChK). Its first chairman was appointed

F.E. .

He held this post until February 6, 1922. From July to August 1918The duties of the Chairman of the Cheka were temporarily performed by Y.Kh.

GPU February 6, 1922 The All-Russian Central Executive Committee adopted a resolution on the abolition of the Cheka and the formationState Political Administration (GPU) under the NKVD of the RSFSR. OGPU November 2, 1923 The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR created the United Statepolitical administration (OGPU) under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. Chairman of the GPU and OGPU until the endof his life (July 20, 1926) F.E. Dzerzhinsky remained, whom he replaced V.R.

Head of the OGPU until 1934

NKVD

July 10, 1934 in accordance with the resolution of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, state bodiessecurity entered the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD) of the USSR. AfterMenzhinsky's death by the work of the OGPU, and later the NKVD from 1934 to 1936. led G.G.Yagoda.

From 1936 to 1938 The NKVD was headed by N.I. Ezhov.

From November 1938 to 1945 The head of the NKVD was L.P. Beria.

NKGB USSR February 3, 1941 The NKVD of the USSR was divided into two independent bodies: the NKVD of the USSRand the People's Commissariat of State Security (NKGB) of the USSR. People's Commissar of Internal Affairs -L.P. Beria. People's Commissar of State Security - V.N. Merkulov.

In July 1941 The NKGB of the USSR and the NKVD of the USSR were again united into a single People's Commissariat -NKVD of the USSR. In April 1943 The People's Commissariat of State was re-establishedsecurity of the USSR, headed by V.N. Merkulov.

MGB March 15, 1946 The NKGB was transformed into the Ministry of Statesecurity. Minister - V.S. Abakumov.

In 1951 - 1953. held the post of Minister of State Security S.D. Ignatiev.

In March 1953 a decision was made to merge the Ministry of Internal Affairs and S.N. Kruglov.

Ministry of Internal Affairs 7 March 1953 a decision was made to merge the Ministry of Internal Affairs andMinistry of State Security into a single Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR headed by S.N. Kruglov. KGB USSR March 13, 1954 the State Security Committee was created under the Council of Ministers USSR. From 1954 to 1958 The leadership of the KGB was carried out by I.A. Serov,

from 1958 to 1961 — A.N. Shelepin,

from 1961 to 1967 — V.E. Semichastny,

from 1967 to 1982 — Yu.V. Andropov,

from May to December 1982 — V.V. Fedorchuk,

from 1982 to 1988 — V.M. Chebrikov,

from August to November 1991 — V.V. Bakatin.

December 3, 1991 USSR President M.S. Gorbachev signed the Law “On Reorganizationstate security bodies." On the basis of the Law of the KGB of the USSR there wasabolished and for the transition period the Inter-Republican Service was created on its basissecurity and the Central Intelligence Service of the USSR (currently the Serviceforeign intelligence of the Russian Federation).

SME November 28, 1991 USSR President M.S. Gorbachev signed the Decree "On approvalTemporary Regulations on the Inter-Republican Security Service."Head - V.V. Bakatin (from November 1991 to December 1991).

KGB RSFSR May 6, 1991 Chairman of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR B.N. Yeltsin and Chairman of the KGBUSSR V.A. Kryuchkov signed a protocol on education in accordance with the decisionCongress of People's Deputies of Russia of the State Security Committee of the RSFSR,having the status of a union-republican state committee. Headhe was appointed by V.V. Ivanenko.

AFB November 26, 1991 Russian President B.N. Yeltsin signed a Decree on the transformation of the KGBRSFSR to the Federal Security Agency of the RSFSR.Headed the AFB - V.V. Ivanenko from November 1991 to December 1991.

MB January 24, 1992 Russian President B.N. Yeltsin signed a Decree on EducationMinistry of Security of the Russian Federation on the basis of the abolished AgencyFederal Security of the RSFSR and the Inter-Republican Security Service.Minister - V.P. Barannikov since January 1992. to July 1993,

N.M.Golushko since July 1993 to December 1993

FSK December 21, 1993 Russian President B.N. Yeltsin signed a Decree on the abolitionMinistry of Security and the creation of the Federal Counterintelligence Service.Director - N.M. Golushko since December 1993. to March 1994,S.V. Stepashin since March 1994 to June 1995

FSB April 3, 1995 President of the Russian Federation B.N. Yeltsin signed the Law “On the Bodies of the Federalsecurity services in the Russian Federation", on the basis of which the FSB issuccessor to FSK.Director - M.I. Barsukov since July 1995. to June 1996,

N.D. Kovalev since July 1996 to July 1998,

V.V. Putin since July 1998 to August 1999,

N.P. Patrushev since August 1999

The badge of 5 years of the Cheka-GPU with the inscription: "VChK-GPU. 1917-1922" was established in 1923. The badge was awarded for the merciless fight against counter-revolution. To the gentleman of the signawarded the title of Honorary Worker of the Cheka-GPU. He had the right to wearweapons, entrance to all GPU buildings.The first recipients were employees of the Cheka and the State Political Administration who participated indefeat of the "Union for the Defense of the Motherland and Freedom", "National Center", "Tacticalcenter”, in carrying out the “Trust” and “Syndicate” operations, which ended with the arrests of B.Savinkova and S. Reilly.

On December 17, 1927, by order of the OGPU, for the 10th anniversary of the security organs,a sign with the profile of F.E. was established. Dzerzhinsky against the background of a red banner. PlaceThe left breast pocket was designated for wearing the "anniversary badge".

On November 23, 1932, the OGPU issued an order that said: “Into commemorate the 15th anniversary, establish the badge "VChK-OGPU. 1917-1932",to which to give the significance of the highest award of the OGPU collegium"The badge was awarded until the end of 1940 to OGPU employees, and since1934 - Main Directorate of State Security of the NKVD of the USSR,distinguished himself “in the fight against counter-revolution” and suppressing hostile intriguesforeign intelligence services both in Russia and in Republican Spain.

The badge "Honored Worker of the NKVD", put into effectby decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR from December 31, 1940, employees were awarded "formerits in leadership or direct performance of security workstate security and for the successful completion of special tasks government." This badge was also awarded to employees who distinguished themselves on the fronts of the SecondWorld War, who managed to neutralize the efforts of the Abwehr and the Gestapo.The awards were made until 1946, when the NKVD was transformed intoMinistry of State Security.

The badge "Honored Chekist of the MGB" repeated the badge in appearance"Honored Worker of the NKVD."Established in 1946.

In 1957, three years after the formation of the KGB under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, at the age of 40anniversary of the state security agencies, the badge “Honorary Officer” was establishedstate security." The awards were made "for specific achievementsresults in operational activities" in accordance with the decisionBoard of the Committee.This award was given to 7,375 people.

Anniversary badge with a gilded number "50" was issued in 1967 for the 50th anniversary of the organs security.

Anniversary badge with a gilded number "60" was issued in 1977 for the 60th anniversary of the organs security.

An anniversary badge with a gilded number "70" was issued in 1987 for the 70th anniversary of the organs security.

By order of the FSB of March 22, 1994, the badge “Honorary Officer” was establishedcounterintelligence." They were awarded for special merits in operational serviceactivities and demonstrated initiative and perseverance.The awardees were provided with benefits in the field of medical, sanatorium andhousing provision, they were given a monthly bonus to their official salaryand was given the right to wear a military uniform upon dismissal, regardless of length of service.

The badge of three degrees "For service in counterintelligence" was established by order ofFSB No. 256 dated July 12, 1994. This badge is awarded to military personnel andcivilian personnel of the FSB of the Russian Federation "for the positive results achieved inofficial activity and having work experience in security agencies of at least 15 years". As of December 2000, the badge “For Service in Counterintelligence” was awarded to 16working employees of the FSB Directorate for the Yaroslavl Region.

FSB MEDAL "FOR EXCELLENCE IN MILITARY SERVICE" 1st class

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The central apparatus of the “Committee” included over twenty departments and departments, which were located not only in several buildings on Dzerzhinsky Square (now Lubyanka), but also in various districts of Moscow. So, from the mid-seventies of the last century, the First Main Directorate (foreign intelligence) occupied a complex of buildings on the southwestern outskirts of Moscow - in Yasenevo.

Moscow, Lubyanka Square. The building of the State Security Committee (KGB). 1991

FIRST MAIN DIRECTORATE OF THE KGB OF THE USSR - foreign intelligence (created on March 18, 1954). The detailed structure of this division is given below.

SECOND MAIN DIRECTORATE OF THE KGB OF THE USSR - internal security and counterintelligence (created on March 18, 1954, by 1980 there were 17 departments in its structure):

Management “A” (analytical);

Directorate “P” (from September 1980 to October 25, 1982) - “protection of the interests of the defense capability and economic development of the USSR”;

Directorate “T” - transport security - (created in September 1973) operational support for MGTS, the Ministry of Communications, the Ministry of Marine Fleet, the Ministry of Fisheries, the Ministry of River Fleet, the Ministry of Civil Aviation (MCA), the central office of DOSAAF and their facilities; organization of counterintelligence work on railways, through international, aviation, maritime and road transport, providing special and especially important transportation.

Independent departments included in the structure of the central apparatus of the Second Main Directorate of the KGB of the USSR:

1st Division (USA and Latin America);
2nd Division (Great Britain and the countries of the British Commonwealth);
3rd department (Germany, Austria and Scandinavian countries);
4th department (France and the rest of Europe);
5th department (Japan, Australia);
6th Division (developing countries);
7th department (tourists);
8th department (other foreigners);
9th department (students);
10th department (journalists, customs security service);
Counter-terrorism department.

THIRD MAIN DIRECTORATE OF THE KGB OF THE USSR - military counterintelligence (created on March 18, 1954, from February 1960 to June 1982 - Third Directorate). The special departments of military districts, groups of troops stationed in Eastern Europe, as well as special departments were subordinate to the headquarters individual species ground forces and navy. Military security officers were also involved in counterintelligence support for the internal troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Special departments in military districts Soviet Union:

Red Banner Belarusian Military District (Belarus);

Red Banner Far Eastern Military District (Amur, Kamchatka, Sakhalin regions, Primorsky and Khabarovsk territories);

Order of Lenin Transbaikal Military District (Irkutsk, Chita regions, Buryat, Yakut ASSR, as well as troops stationed in Mongolia);

Red Banner Transcaucasian Military District (Azerbaijan, Armyansk, Georgian SSR);

Red Banner Kiev Military District (Voroshilovograd, Dnepropetrovsk, Donetsk, Kiev, Kirovograd, Poltava, Sumy, Kharkov, Cherkasy, Chernigov regions of the Ukrainian SSR);

Order of Lenin Leningrad Military District (Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Leningrad, Murmansk, Novgorod, Pskov regions, Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic);

Order of Lenin Moscow Military District (Belgorod, Bryansk, Vladimir, Voronezh, Gorky, Ivanovo, Kalinin, Kaluga, Kostroma, Kursk, Lipetsk, Moscow, Orel, Ryazan, Smolensk, Tambov, Tula, Yaroslavl regions);

Red Banner Odessa Military District (Moldavian SSR, Zaporozhye, Crimean, Nikolaev, Odessa, Kherson regions of the Ukrainian SSR);

Red Banner Baltic Military District (Latvian, Lithuanian, Estonian SSR, Kaliningrad region);

Red Banner Volga Military District (Kuibyshev, Orenburg, Penza, Saratov, Ulyanovsk regions, Bashkir, Mari, Mordovian, Tatar, Chuvash ASSR);

Red Banner Carpathian Military District (Vinnitsa, Zhitomir, Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, Lutsk, Rivne, Ternopil, Uzhgorod, Khmelnytsky, Chernivtsi regions of the Ukrainian SSR);

Red Banner North Caucasus Military District (Krasnodar, Stavropol Territories, Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkarian, Kalmyk, North Ossetian, Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics, Astrakhan, Volgograd, Rostov regions);

Red Banner Siberian Military District (Altai, Krasnoyarsk territories, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Tyumen regions, Tuva Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic);

Red Banner Central Asian Military District (Kazakh, Kirghiz, Tajik SSR);

Red Banner Turkestan Military District (Turkmen, Uzbek SSR; including the 40th Combined Arms Army - the main part of the Limited contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan);

Red Banner Ural Military District (Komi, Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Kirov, Kurgan, Perm, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk regions).

Directorates of Special Departments in groups of Soviet troops stationed in the socialist countries of Eastern Europe:

Northern Group of Forces (Polish People's Republic);
Central Group of Forces (Czechoslovak Socialist Republic);
Southern Group of Forces (Hungarian People's Republic).

Directorate of Special Departments in the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany. Since 1954, the 3rd department (overseas intelligence) operated as part of this unit. Its employees, together with colleagues from the First Main Directorate of the KGB and the MGB of the GDR, focused their attention primarily on the development of individual intelligence agencies of West Germany and NATO. The talk was about introducing our own agents into these bodies (including encryption and decryption), as well as neutralizing the activities and disinformation of the enemy’s technical intelligence.

Directorate of Special Departments in the Strategic Missile Forces.

Special departments in the air defense forces of the Soviet Union.

Special departments in the USSR Air Force.

Special departments in the USSR Navy:

Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet (Kaliningrad);
Red Banner Northern Fleet (Severomorsk);
Red Banner Pacific Fleet (Vladivostok);
Red Banner Black Sea Fleet (Sevastopol);
Red Banner Baltic Flotilla (Baku);
Red Banner Leningrad Naval Base.

Directorate of Special Departments for Internal Troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs - created on August 13, 1983.

Directorate “B” (control of the Ministry of Internal Affairs) - created on August 13, 1983 for counterintelligence protection of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Previously, in accordance with the decision of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee of December 27, 1982, more than 100 officers from among experienced senior operational and investigative workers were sent from the KGB to strengthen the apparatus of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

FOURTH DIRECTORATE OF THE KGB OF THE USSR - ensuring state security in transport (liquidated on February 5, 1960).

From July 25, 1967 to September 1973, its functions were performed by the 12th Department of the Second Main Directorate, and from September 1973 to September 1981 by Directorate “T” of the Second Main Directorate.

Restored on September 10, 1981 by Order of the KGB of the USSR No. 00170 of September 10, 1981 (the structure and staff were announced by Order of the KGB of the USSR No. 00175 of September 24, 1981);

FIFTH DIRECTORATE OF THE KGB OF THE USSR - ideological counterintelligence (Order of the KGB of the USSR No. 0096 of July 25, 1967). Its structure is shown below.

SIXTH DIRECTORATE OF THE KGB OF THE USSR - economic counterintelligence and industrial security (liquidated on February 5, 1960). Restored by the decision of the KGB Board “On measures to strengthen counterintelligence work to protect the country’s economy from subversive actions of the enemy” (announced by Order of the KGB of the USSR No. 00210 of October 25, 1982). The structure and staff of the Sixth Directorate were announced by Order of the KGB of the USSR No. 00215 of November 11, 1982. Previously, these tasks were solved by the 9th, 11th and 19th departments of the Second Main Directorate, and since September 1980 - by the “P” Directorate as part of the same Main Directorate.

SEVENTH DIRECTORATE OF THE KGB OF THE USSR - external surveillance and protection of the foreign diplomatic corps (created on March 18, 1954).

The structure of the Glavka included:

DDP Service (security of the diplomatic corps);

Group "A" (known as "Alpha") (formed by Order of the Chairman of the KGB No. 0089OV dated July 29, 1974) ODP service - Alpha group (reported directly to the Chairman of the KGB and the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee);

7th department (material and technical support for external surveillance equipment: cars, television cameras, photographic equipment, tape recorders, mirrors);

10th department (monitoring public places visited by foreigners: parks, museums, theaters, shops, train stations, airports);

11th department (supply of accessories necessary for surveillance: wigs, clothes, makeup);

12th department (monitoring of high-ranking foreigners).

EIGHTH MAIN DIRECTORATE OF THE KGB OF THE USSR - encryption service (created in March 1954).

NINTH DIRECTORATE OF THE KGB OF THE USSR - protection of the leaders of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Government of the USSR (created on March 18, 1954).

The Glavka included:

Directorate of the Commandant of the Moscow Kremlin (from March 18, 1954 to June 25, 1959 - Tenth Directorate of the KGB);
Commandant's office for the protection of buildings of the CPSU Central Committee.

FIFTEENTH DIRECTORATE OF THE KGB OF THE USSR - construction and operation of “reserve facilities” - bunkers for the leadership of the country in the event of a nuclear war. Created by separation from the Ninth Directorate of the KGB (KGB Order No. 0020 of March 13, 1969). According to the temporary Regulations on this unit of Lubyanka (announced by KGB Order No. 0055 of June 1, 1971):

“...the main task of the Department is to ensure constant readiness for the immediate reception of those being sheltered in protected points (objects) and the creation in them of the conditions necessary for normal work during a special period”;

The Fifteenth Directorate was supposed to carry out its work “in close cooperation with the Ninth Directorate of the KGB.”

In September 1974, four directorates were created in the Fifteenth Directorate of the KGB.

SIXTEENTH DIRECTORATE OF THE KGB OF THE USSR - electronic intelligence, radio interception and decryption (separated on June 21, 1973 from the Eighth Directorate by Order of the KGB of the USSR No. 0056 of June 21, 1973). IN this department there were departments:

1st department- breaking ciphers. He had at his disposal a special defense machine (developed by the Moscow Research Institute "Kvant" in the first half of the seventies of the last century) - the Bulat computer. Although the resources of this device were not enough. The work of analyzing the collected information, especially in the field, was carried out, as one of the former employees of the Sixteenth Directorate told journalist Evgeny Pakhomov in 2000, mainly “by hand”:

“We did not dare to dream that, like the Americans, we would send every interception for computer analysis. I remember these long rows of cabinets filled with dusty folders with materials filed but not transcribed. Essentially, we worked in the closet";

3rd department- translation of read correspondence into Russian;

4th department- processing of materials received from the Third Department and distribution to consumers.

There were three types of documents:

Brochures for country and party leaders. In the seventies of the last century, these were members of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee Leonid Brezhnev, Yuri Andropov, Andrei Gromyko, Kirilenko, Mikhail Suslov and Dmitry Ustinov.
Brochures for the heads of the First and Second Main Directorates of the KGB.
Materials for the management of other interested departments.

In fact, the 4th department played the role of an information and analytical unit;

5th department- analyzed encryption systems and communicated with the relevant intelligence services of the member countries of the organization Warsaw Pact and states friendly to the USSR;

First service- was responsible for “bookmarks” and others technical methods infiltration of foreign embassies. Its structure included the following departments:

1st department - analysis of foreign encryption equipment for the installation of “bugs” in it, development of methods for intercepting signals emitted by this equipment;

2nd department - interception of these signals and their processing;

3rd department - communication with customs authorities and other institutions with the help of which operations to plant and remove “bugs” were carried out;

The 5th department “cleared” the intercepted signals from interference.

Also subordinate to the head of the Sixteenth Directorate of the KGB of the USSR were KGB electronic intelligence posts located outside the Soviet Union. Most of these units were located on the territory of Soviet diplomatic missions.

They will be discussed in more detail below.

MAIN DIRECTORATE OF BORDER FORCES(created on April 2, 1957) KGB of the USSR. Its structure included:

Border Troops Headquarters;
Political management;
Intelligence Department.

The border districts were subordinate to the Glavka:

Baltic Border District (Riga);
Far Eastern Border District (Khabarovsk);
Transbaikal border district (Chita);
Transcaucasian border district (Tbilisi);
Western Border District (Kyiv);
Kamchatka border district (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky);
North-Western Border District (Leningrad);
Central Asian Border District (Ashgabat);
Pacific Border District (Vladivostok);
Southern border district (Alma-Ata).

Special mention should be made educational institutions Main Directorate of Border Troops of the KGB. The training system for officers of the border troops included:

Alma-Ata Higher Border Command School of the KGB;
Moscow Higher Border Command Red Banner School of the KGB;
School for training commandants of foreign missions of the USSR.

According to the last Chairman of the KGB, Vadim Bakatin, in the late eighties of the last century, “this head office accounted for about half of the strength and budget of the KGB.”

DEPARTMENT OF GOVERNMENT COMMUNICATIONS (UPS) KGB of the USSR (created by order of the KGB of the USSR No. 0019 dated March 13, 1969 on the basis of the Government Communications Department).

Its structure included divisions:

Government Communications Troops Headquarters;

ATS-1 - city telephone communication for the highest category of subscribers (about 2000 numbers in 1982);

ATS-2 - city government communications (about 7,000 subscribers in Moscow and 10,000 throughout the country (including zone stations) in 1983);

PM (HF) communications - government long-distance communications (about 5,000 subscribers in 2004) - HF communications devices were in the capitals of socialist states, embassies and consulates general, headquarters of Soviet foreign military groups, etc.

Personnel for the UPS were trained at two military-technical schools.

At the Oryol Higher Command School of Communications named after. M.I. Kalinin (faculties “Long-Range (Government) Communications”, “Wired and Semiconductor Communications”, etc.) - created in accordance with Order of the Chairman of the KGB No. 0212 dated June 14, 1971 October 1, 1972. By 1975, 2,303 officers had been trained, of whom 1,454 (that is, 63.2%) graduates were sent directly to the government communications troops. From 1976 to 1993, the school trained about 4,000 specialists, of whom more than 60% were sent to government communications agencies and troops.

At the KGB Military Technical School (VTU). It was founded in accordance with Order of the Chairman of the KGB No. 0287 of September 27, 1965 on the basis of the military camp of the 95th border detachment and the first building of the Higher Border Command School, the educational process began on September 1, 1966 (training period - 3 years, retraining courses - from 3 up to 5 months). More than 60% of graduates were trained directly for the government communications troops, the rest - for the bodies and troops of the KGB and the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

INVESTIGATIVE DEPARTMENT OF THE KGB OF THE USSR. According to Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 99-33 of February 13, 1973, it received the status and rights of independent governance, without changing its formal name;

TENTH DEPARTMENT OF THE KGB OF THE USSR (created October 21, 1966) - accounting, statistics, archives;

OPERATIONAL AND TECHNICAL DIRECTORATE (OTU) of the KGB of the USSR. Among the divisions of this department are:

6th Department (created on July 2, 1959, from June 1983 - Sixth Service) - correspondence clarification;
Central Research Institute of Special Research;
Central Research Institute of Special Technology.

The management also dealt with:

production of documents for operational purposes, examination of handwriting and documents;
radio counterintelligence;
production of operational equipment.

MILITARY CONSTRUCTION DIRECTORATE OF THE KGB OF THE USSR (created according to the order of the KGB of the USSR No. 05 of January 4, 1973 on the basis of the military construction department of KHOZU).

PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT OF THE KGB OF THE USSR (created March 18, 1954).

FPO - financial planning department of the KGB of the USSR.

MOBILIZATION DEPARTMENT OF THE KGB OF THE USSR.

HOZU - economic department of the KGB of the USSR.

SECRETARIAT OF THE KGB USSR (since July 18, 1980, KGB Administration (Resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers No. 616-201 of July 18, 1980).

INSPECTION UNDER THE CHAIRMAN OF THE KGB OF THE USSR (since November 27, 1970, Inspectorate Department (Order of the KGB of the USSR No. 0569 of November 27, 1970).

By KGB Order No. 0253 of August 12, 1967, the Group of Referents under the KGB Chairman was renamed the Inspectorate under the KGB Chairman. Announced by Order No. 00143 of October 30, 1967, it was stated that the Inspectorate:

“...created for the purpose of organizing and practical implementation in the Committee and its local bodies of control and verification of execution - the most important Leninist principle of the activities of the Communist Party and Soviet state, a proven means of improving the state apparatus and strengthening connections with the people.”

The regulations determined the status of the new unit:

“...is an operational control and inspection apparatus (with the rights of independent management of the Committee and is subordinate to the Chairman of the Committee."

Tasks of the Inspectorate:

“The main thing in the work of the Inspectorate is to assist the leadership of the State Security Committee in the clear and timely implementation of tasks assigned to the bodies and troops of the KGB, organizing a systematic check of the implementation of decisions of the CPSU Central Committee, the Soviet government and legal acts of the KGB in the interests of further improving intelligence, operational and investigative work and work with personnel. The inspection subordinates all its activities strictest observance socialist legality."

TWELFTH DEPARTMENT OF THE KGB OF THE USSR (created by Order of the KGB of the USSR No. 00147 of November 20, 1967) - the use of operational equipment (including wiretapping of telephones and premises).

Group of consultants to the Chairman of the KGB of the USSR- created by order of the KGB of the USSR No. 00112 dated August 19, 1967 with a total staff of 10 people (the staff included 4 senior consultants, 4 consultants).

The representative office of the USSR KGB in the GDR had the status of an independent management of the USSR KGB.

Liaison Bureau of the KGB of the USSR with publishing houses and mass media (“KGB Press Bureau”) (split into an independent division on November 26, 1969, before that it was part of the Group of Consultants under the Chairman of the KGB).

Military Medical Directorate of the KGB of the USSR- created in 1982 on the basis of the medical department of KHOZU.

Legal Bureau of the KGB of the USSR- started work on January 1, 1979.

Duty service of the KGB of the USSR(Head of the Duty Service - 1st Deputy Head of the Secretariat).

Party Committee of the KGB of the USSR.

SOVIET FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE - FIRST MAIN DIRECTORATE OF THE KGB

The structure of the central apparatus of foreign intelligence in the seventies of the last century included: management of the department (head of the PGU KGB of the USSR, his deputy for geographical regions(on the American continent, Europe, Asia, the Middle East and Asia, etc.) and the Collegium of the PGU KGB of the USSR); administrative and technical units (secretariat, personnel department); management, linear (geographical) departments and services.

Directorates of the PGU KGB of the USSR:

Directorate “C” (illegal intelligence);
Directorate "T" (scientific and technical intelligence);
Directorate "K" (external counterintelligence);
Operational Equipment Directorate.

Services of the PGU KGB of the USSR:

1st service (information and analytical);
Service “A” (active events);
Service "R" (intelligence and analytical);
Encryption service.
Linear (geographical) departments:
USA and Canada;
Latin America;
England and Northern Europe;
Southern Europe;
Middle East;
Middle East;
Southeast Asia;
Africa;
Central Asia, etc.

In total, PSU at that time had up to 20 departments.

The structure of the central apparatus of Soviet foreign intelligence in the eighties of the last century included: leadership (the head of the main department and his deputies), members of the board; administrative and economic divisions; operational management and services; geographical departments.

Administrative and economic divisions:

Secretariat; duty department; HR department; administrative department; financial department; Foreign Service Division; operational library.

Operational departments and services:

Directorate “C” (illegal intelligence); Directorate "T" (scientific and technical intelligence); Directorate “K” (external counterintelligence); information and analytical management; management "R" (operational planning and analysis - carried out a detailed analysis of PSU operations abroad); Directorate “A” (active measures - was responsible for carrying out disinformation operations and worked closely with the relevant departments of the CPSU Central Committee (International, Propaganda and Socialist Countries); Directorate “I” (PSU computer service); Directorate “RT” (intelligence operations on territory of the Soviet Union); department "OT" (operational and technical); service "R" (radio communications); service "A" of the Eighth Main Directorate (cipher service of the PSU).

Intelligence Institute.

Geographical departments:

1st department - USA and Canada; 2nd department - Latin America; 3rd department - Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Scandinavia; 4th department - GDR, FRG, Austria; 5th Division - Benelux countries, France, Spain, Portugal, Switzerland, Greece, Italy, Yugoslavia, Albania and Romania; 6th department - China, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, North Korea; 7th Division - Thailand, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore and the Philippines; 8th Division - non-Arab countries of the Middle East, including Afghanistan, Iran, Israel and Türkiye; 9th division - English-speaking countries of Africa; 10th department - French-speaking countries of Africa; 11th department - contacts with socialist countries; 15th department - registration and archives; 16th Department - electronic interception and operations against encryption services of foreign states; 17th Division - India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh and Burma; 18th department - Arab countries of the Middle East, Egypt; 19th department - emigration; 20th department - contacts with developing countries.

The structure of the legal foreign residency of Soviet foreign intelligence included: a resident; operational and support staff.

Operations staff:

Deputy resident for the “PR” line (political, economic and military-strategic intelligence, active measures), line employees, report writer;

Deputy Resident for the “KR” line (external counterintelligence and security), line employees, embassy security officer;

Deputy resident for line “X” (scientific and technical intelligence), line employees;

Deputy resident for line “L” (illegal intelligence), line employees;

Employees of the “EM” line (emigration);

Special reserve employees.

Support staff:

Operational and technical support officer, employees of the Impulse group (coordination of radio communications of surveillance groups); RP officer (electronic intelligence); employees of direction “I” (computer service); cryptographer; radio operator; operational driver; secretary-typist, accountant.

Electronic intelligence posts were under the operational subordination of the residents. Their main task is to intercept messages transmitted through closed local communication channels using special technical means. All data obtained in this way was transferred by employees of electronic intelligence posts to the Sixteenth Directorate of the KGB of the USSR, which was engaged in further processing of this information. Electronic intelligence posts worked in conjunction with the 16th department of the PGU KGB of the USSR, which specialized in recruiting foreign cryptographers and infiltrating encryption authorities.

Radio intelligence posts abroad:

"Radar" - Mexico City (Mexico) - since 1963;
“Pochin-1” - Washington (USA) - since 1966 - the building of the Soviet embassy;
“Pochin-2” - Washington - since 1966 - residential complex of the Soviet embassy;
“Proba-1” - New York (USA) - since 1967 - premises of the Soviet representative office at the UN;
“Proba-2” - New York (USA) - since 1967 - the dacha of the Soviet embassy on Long Island;
“Spring” - San Francisco (USA);
"Zephyr" - Washington;
"Rocket" - New York;
"Ruby" - San Francisco;
Name unknown - Ottawa (Canada);
"Venus" - Montreal (Canada);
"Termite-S" - Havana (Cuba);
"Maple" - Brasilia (the administrative capital of Brazil);
“Island” - Reykjavik (Iceland);
"Mercury" - London (UK);
"North" - Oslo (Norway);
"Jupiter" - Paris (France);
"Centaur-1" - Bonn (Germany);
"Centaur-2" - Cologne (Germany);
"Tirol-1" - Salzburg (Austria);
"Tirol-2" - Vienna (Austria);
"Elbrus" - Bern (Switzerland);
"Caucasus" - Geneva (Switzerland);
"Start" - Rome (Italy);
"Altai" - Lisbon (Portugal);
"Rainbow" - Athens (Greece);
"Tulip" - The Hague (Netherlands);
"Vega" - Brussels (Belgium);
"Sail" - Belgrade (Yugoslavia);
"Rainbow-T" - Ankara (Türkiye);
"Sirius" - Istanbul (Türkiye);
"Mars" - Tehran (Irin);
"Orion" - Cairo (Egypt);
"Sigma" - Damascus (Syria);
"Zarya" - Tokyo (Japan);
"Crab" - Beijing (China);
"Cupid" - Hanoi (Vietnam);
"Dolphin" - Jakarta (Indonesia);
"Crimea" - Nairobi (Kenya);
“Termit-P”, “Termit-S” - Radio interception center in Lourdes (Cuba);
Radio interception base in Cam Ranh Bay (Vietnam).

Typically, each post was serviced by one technician, since all the equipment worked in an automated mode. As a rule, the wives of employees of the KGB embassy station were assigned to help him.

According to Western authors, in 1971 alone, 15 KGB electronic intelligence posts intercepted 62 thousand diplomatic and military encrypted telegrams from sixty countries, as well as more than 25 thousand messages transmitted in clear text.

Each radio-electronic intelligence post was supposed to submit an annual report to the Center (to the Sixteenth Directorate of the KGB of the USSR) in November, in which the following should be indicated in detail: the content of encrypted and open materials intercepted during the year; percentage of operationally significant interceptions; new identified communication channels of intelligence interest; characteristics of the “situation from the point of view of radio intelligence” in the country in question; the degree of fulfillment of tasks by the post, measures to ensure the safety and secrecy of work; conclusions about the work done and plans for the next year.

By the end of the nineties of the last century, it was planned to increase the number of electronic intelligence posts located on the territory of Soviet foreign institutions to 40-50 and increase the volume by 5-8 times. These plans were never realized.

If we are talking about radio monitoring, we should not forget that electronic intelligence posts recorded and processed not only “open” messages, but also encrypted ones. Thanks to cryptographers from the Eighth Directorate of the KGB (extraction of cipher documents), many cipher systems used by foreign diplomatic departments were hacked. Thus, in the KGB annual report addressed to Nikita Khrushchev and dated early 1961, it is said that in 1960 the Eighth Directorate of the KGB deciphered 209 thousand diplomatic telegrams sent by representatives of 51 states. No less than 133,200 intercepted telegrams were transmitted to the Central Committee (no doubt mainly to the international department of the Central Committee). By 1967, the KGB could crack 152 codes used by 72 countries.

According to British intelligence agent (arrested and sentenced to 10 years for treason in 1987), former employee of the Sixteenth Directorate of the KGB Viktor Makarov, from 1980 to 1986, the number of European states whose diplomatic correspondence was deciphered with varying frequency then included Denmark , Finland, France, Greece, Italy, Sweden, Switzerland and West Germany. Every day, a selection of the most interesting messages was read by Leonid Brezhnev and several members of the Politburo. The heads of the First and Second Directorates of the KGB also became acquainted with the diplomatic correspondence.

According to some Western experts, Moscow could partially or completely read the diplomatic correspondence of about seventy countries around the world.

The work of the First Main Directorate of the KGB was regulated by many documents, incl. and the so-called “Intelligence Doctrine”. Here is her text:

“In the conditions of the split of the world into two warring camps, the presence of weapons of mass destruction in the enemy’s possession, a sharp increase in the factor of surprise in a nuclear missile war, the main task of intelligence is to identify the military-strategic plans of states opposing the USSR, timely warning the government about impending crisis situations and preventing a sudden attacks on the Soviet Union or countries associated with the USSR by allied treaties.

Based on this task, KGB intelligence directs its efforts to solving key problems that are potentially fraught with international conflicts and could, in the event of unfavorable developments, pose an immediate danger to the Soviet state and the socialist community as a whole, both in the short and long term. First of all, it takes into account the factors on which the current balance of forces on the world stage depends, as well as possible fundamental changes in the existing balance.

These include in particular:

the emergence of a new political situation in the United States, in which representatives of extremely aggressive circles will prevail, inclined to launch a preventive missile strike on the USSR;
the emergence of a similar situation in Germany or Japan, supported by revanchist and great-power aspirations;
development of extremely adventuristic, leftist views, as a result of which individual states or groups of states can provoke world war in order to change the current change in forces;
attempts by imperialist forces in various forms to disunite the socialist community, to isolate and tear individual countries away from it;
the emergence of crisis situations of a military-political nature in certain strategically important regions and countries, the development of which may threaten the existing balance or draw great powers into direct confrontation with the prospect of escalating into a world war;
the development of a similar situation in border and adjacent non-socialist countries;
a qualitatively new leap in the development of scientific and technical thought, providing the enemy with a clear advantage in military potential and means of warfare.
Acting in accordance with directives on the instructions of the CPSU Central Committee and the Soviet government, the KGB's foreign intelligence simultaneously solves the following main tasks.

In the military-political field:

promptly reveals political, military-political and economic plans and intentions, especially long-term ones, of the main imperialist states, primarily the United States, its allies in aggressive blocs, as well as Mao Zedong’s group in relation to the Soviet Union and other socialist countries;
reveals the enemy's plans aimed at weakening the socialist community and undermining its unity;
systematically studies the political situation in socialist countries, paying attention to special attention on the activities of imperialist agents, anti-socialist, revanchist and nationalist elements. Strengthens cooperation and interaction with security agencies of socialist states;
obtains information about the enemy’s plans to combat communist, workers’ and national liberation movements;
monitors the situation in the non-socialist states adjacent to the Soviet Union, their foreign policy, for their possible attempts at anti-Soviet conspiracy or committing actions hostile to the USSR;
obtains secret information about the behind-the-scenes aspects of the internal political, military and economic situation of the countries of the main enemy, existing and emerging internal and international contradictions, the situation in military-political blocs, economic groupings and other data necessary for the development and implementation of Soviet foreign policy;
identifies the enemy’s vulnerabilities and, in cooperation with other Soviet departments, implements measures to weaken and undermine his political, economic and military positions, to divert his attention from those areas and countries where enemy activity could harm the interests of the Soviet Union;
conducts comprehensive and continuous analysis and forecasting international problems, the most relevant and acute from the point of view of the interests of the Soviet Union, the socialist community and the international communist movement as a whole.

In the scientific and technical field:

obtains secret information about the nuclear missile weapons of the countries of the main enemy and their allies in military-political blocs, about other means of mass destruction and protection against them, as well as specific data about the prospects for directions in science, technology and production technology in the leading capitalist states, the use which could contribute to strengthening the military-economic and scientific-technical progress of the USSR;
promptly identifies and predicts new discoveries and trends in the development of foreign science and technology that could lead to a significant jump in the enemy’s scientific, technical and military potential or the creation of new types of weapons that can radically change the existing balance of forces in the world;
analyzes, summarizes and, through the relevant departments, implements the obtained intelligence materials on theoretical and applied research, created and existing weapons systems and their elements, new technological processes, issues of military economics and control systems.

In the field of foreign counterintelligence:

obtains information abroad about the hostile intentions, plans, forms and methods of practical activities of the intelligence and counterintelligence services of the main enemy, psychological warfare agencies and centers of ideological sabotage against the Soviet Union, the entire socialist camp, communist and national liberation movements;
identifies hostile intelligence officers and agents being prepared to be sent to the Soviet Union, methods and channels of their communication, and assignments. Together with other divisions of the KGB and security agencies of socialist countries, it takes measures to suppress their subversive activities;
carries out measures to compromise and misinform enemy intelligence services, distract and disperse their forces;
ensures the safety of state secrets abroad, the safety of Soviet institutions and seconded Soviet citizens, as well as the activities of KGB intelligence residencies;
accumulates and analyzes information about the subversive work of the main enemy’s special services, and, on the basis of the received material, develops recommendations for improving intelligence and counterintelligence work behind the cordon.

In the field of active operations, carries out activities that contribute to:

solving foreign policy problems of the Soviet Union;
exposing and disrupting the enemy's ideological sabotage against the USSR and the socialist community;
consolidation of the international communist movement, strengthening of the national liberation, anti-imperialist struggle;
the growth of the economic, scientific and technical power of the Soviet Union;
exposing military preparations of states hostile to the USSR;
enemy misinformation regarding foreign policy, military and intelligence actions being prepared or carried out by the USSR, the state of the country's military, economic, scientific and technical potential;
compromising the most dangerous anti-communist and anti-Soviet figures, worst enemies Soviet state.

When conducting active reconnaissance operations, depending on specific conditions, use not only your own forces, specific means and methods, but also the capabilities of the KGB as a whole, other Soviet institutions, departments and organizations, as well as the armed forces.

In the field of special operations, using especially sharp means of combat:

carries out acts of sabotage in order to disrupt the activities of enemy special forces, as well as individual government, political, and military facilities in the event of a special period or a crisis situation;
carries out special measures against traitors to the Motherland and operations to suppress anti-Soviet activities of the most active enemies of the Soviet state;
carries out the capture and secret delivery to the USSR of persons who are carriers of important government and other sectors of the enemy, samples of weapons, equipment, and secret documentation;
creates the prerequisites for the use in the interests of the USSR of individual centers of the anti-imperialist movement and partisan struggle on the territory of foreign countries;
provides communications on special assignments and provides assistance with weapons, instructors, etc., to the leadership of fraternal communist parties, progressive groups and organizations waging armed struggle in conditions of isolation from the outside world.

Based on the possibility of a crisis situation and the outbreak of a nuclear missile war against the Soviet Union by progressive circles, the foreign intelligence of the USSR in advance and systematically ensures the survivability and effectiveness of reconnaissance apparatus, their deployment in the most important points and countries, the introduction of agents into main objects, and the uninterrupted receipt of information about the enemy . For these purposes, it constantly trains the intelligence network and other forces, maintains their combat effectiveness, and also ensures the training of all intelligence personnel, and especially its illegal apparatus.

POLITICAL INVESTIGATION - FIFTH DIRECTORATE OF THE KGB OF THE USSR

The central apparatus of the Fifth Directorate of the KGB of the USSR consisted of fifteen operational and analytical departments, a personnel group, a secretariat, a mobilization work group and a financial department. Let's briefly talk about each of the departments.

The head of the department, his first deputy and two other deputies. The maximum military rank of lieutenant general was established for two department heads, major general for deputies, and colonel for department heads.

1st Department - counterintelligence work on cultural exchange channels, development of foreigners, work through creative unions, research institutes, cultural institutions and medical institutions.

2nd Department - planning and implementation of counterintelligence activities together with the PSU against the centers of ideological sabotage of imperialist states, suppression of the activities of the NTS, nationalist and chauvinistic elements.

3rd Department - counterintelligence work on the student exchange channel, suppression of hostile activities of students and teaching staff.

4th Department - counterintelligence work among religious, Zionist and sectarian elements and against foreign religious centers.

5th department - practical assistance to local KGB bodies in preventing mass antisocial manifestations. Search for the authors of anti-Soviet anonymous documents and leaflets. Checking terror signals.

6th Department - generalization and analysis of data on enemy activities to carry out ideological sabotage. Development of activities for long-term planning and information work.

7th Department - (created in August 1969). Officially, its functions were designated as “identifying and verifying persons harboring intentions to use explosives and explosive devices for anti-Soviet purposes.” The same department was given the functions of searching for the authors of anti-Soviet anonymous documents, checking signals for “central terror”, developing persons according to this “coloring” and monitoring the behavior of such developments in local KGB bodies. Terror was understood as any verbal and written threats against the country's leaders. The investigation of threats against local leaders (“local terror”) was carried out by local KGB agencies.

8th Department - (created in July 1973) - “identifying and suppressing acts of ideological sabotage by subversive Zionist centers.”

9th Department (created in May 1974) - “conducting the most important investigations on persons suspected of organized anti-Soviet activities (except for nationalists, churchmen, sectarians); identifying and suppressing the hostile activities of persons producing and distributing anti-Soviet materials; carrying out intelligence and operational activities to uncover the anti-Soviet activities of foreign revisionist centers on the territory of the USSR.”

10th Department - (created in May 1974) - “conducting counterintelligence activities (together with the PSU) against centers of ideological sabotage of imperialist states and foreign anti-Soviet organizations (except for hostile organizations of Ukrainian and Baltic nationalists).”

11th department - (created in June 1977) - “implementation of operational security measures to disrupt subversive actions of the enemy and hostile elements during the preparation and holding of the Summer Olympic Games in Moscow.” However, after the Games were held in the summer of 1980, the department was not closed, but was entrusted with the work of monitoring sports, medical, trade union and scientific organizations.

12th group (as a department) - coordination of the work of the department with the security agencies of socialist countries.

13th Department (created in February 1982) - “identifying and suppressing manifestations that tend to develop into politically harmful groups that facilitate the enemy’s ideological sabotage against the USSR.” In fact, we were talking about informal youth movements - Hare Krishnas, punks, rockers, mystics, etc., which in the early eighties of the last century began to appear like mushrooms after rain. The emergence of this department was the KGB’s reaction to the emergence of young people from the control of the Komsomol.

14th Department (created in February 1982) - “work to prevent acts of ideological sabotage aimed at the Union of Journalists of the USSR, media workers and socio-political organizations.”

15th department (created in November 1983) - counterintelligence in all departments and at all facilities of the Dynamo sports society.

According to Order No. 0096 of July 27, 1967, the staff of the formed Fifth Directorate of the KGB amounted to 201 official units, and its supervisor through the leadership was the First Deputy Chairman of the KGB S.K. Tsvigun. By 1982, the management staff had increased to 424 people. In total, 2.5 thousand employees served in the USSR under this department. On average, in the territorial departments of the KGB, 10 people worked in the 5th service or department. The intelligence apparatus was also optimal, with an average of 200 agents per region.

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE KGB OF THE USSR

Let's briefly talk about higher educational institutions, which were part of the structure of the KGB of the USSR.

Higher Red Banner School of the KGB named after. F.E. Dzerzhinsky (VKSh).

The main “personnel forge” for various departments (except for foreign intelligence and border troops) of the KGB. This university included the following faculties:

Investigative Faculty (from 1969 to 1979, the department for training investigators at the High School);

Faculty No. 1 - training of military counterintelligence officers;

Faculty No. 2 - training of counterintelligence operatives who speak Western and Eastern languages;

Faculty No. 3 - training of counterintelligence operatives who speak oriental languages (created on September 1, 1974);

Faculty No. 5 - “Faculty for advanced training of management staff and specialists of the State Security Committee.” Created June 11, 1979. Main tasks: training the leadership of the KGB of the USSR from party, Soviet and Komsomol workers; advanced training of management personnel and specialists of the KGB of the USSR;

Faculty No. 6 - training of certified specialists and advanced training of operational and management personnel of security agencies of friendly countries. Created July 12, 1971;

Retraining and advanced training courses for management and operational staff of operational and technical units. Opened on September 3, 1971. Since 1996 - Faculty No. 7;

Faculty No. 8 - distance learning;

Faculty No. 9 - training of operational personnel proficient in foreign languages states of the Middle East and Africa (languages: Fula, Hausa and Sauhili). Created September 1, 1980;

Faculty of Technology.

Special courses of the KGB of the USSR at the High School of the KGB (other official names: KUOS (advanced training courses for officers) and military unit 93526 - were created on March 19, 1969 by decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR as an autonomous educational unit as a separate faculty - department of special disciplines (special department). The duration of training was seven months. They were part of the Faculty No. 1 of the Higher Comprehensive School of the KGB of the USSR.

During the years 1970-1990, special courses annually graduated 60-65 commanders of operational reconnaissance groups for operations behind enemy lines.

Red Banner Intelligence Institute of the KGB of the USSR. Trained personnel for foreign intelligence units.

Higher training courses for operational personnel with a one-year training period. They trained personnel for various operational units of the KGB from among those who already had a higher education. Located in various cities of the Soviet Union:

Higher training courses for KGB operational personnel in Minsk;
Higher training courses for KGB operational personnel in Kyiv;
Higher training courses for KGB operational personnel in Tbilisi;
Higher training courses for KGB operational personnel in Tashkent;
Higher training courses for KGB operational personnel in Sverdlovsk;
Higher training courses for KGB operational personnel in Novosibirsk;
Higher training courses for KGB operational personnel in Leningrad.

A separate training center (military unit 35690) is located in Balashikha-2 (Moscow region), the training center of the Alpha group (Priboy).

KGB Military Technical School.

In accordance with the order of the Chairman of the KGB under the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 0287 dated September 27, 1965, by June 1, 1966, a Military Technical School was formed in the city of Bagrationovsk, Kaliningrad Region, on the basis of the military camp of the 95th border detachment and the first building of the Higher Border Command School (VTU) of the KGB under the Council of Ministers of the USSR for the training of liaison officers of the KGB bodies and troops.

The training period for VTU cadets was set at 3 years, and for students of retraining courses - 3-5 months. All cadets graduating from the 1st and 2nd courses of training in 1966 were transferred from the Moscow Border School. S.G. was appointed head of the school. Orekhov.

On August 31, 1966, on the basis of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Deputy Chairman of the KGB, Major General L.I. Pankratov, on behalf of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, presented the Military Red Banner and the Certificate of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR to VTU. This day is celebrated annually as the day of the formation of the school. The educational process began on September 1, 1966. Organizationally, VTU was represented by: the school administration; cycles and individual disciplines (the foundations of future departments); main units (cadet divisions according to courses); officer retraining division; divisions educational support and service.

Each cadet division provided training according to profiles. More than 60% of graduates were trained directly for the government communications troops, the rest - for the bodies and troops of the KGB and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The rapid development of communications and technical re-equipment of troops dictated the urgent need for higher engineering training of communications officers.

In accordance with the order of the Chairman of the KGB under the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 02012 dated June 14, 1971, the Military Technical School on October 1, 1972 was transformed into the Oryol Higher Military Command School of Communications (OVVKUS) for the training of command officers with higher education. In July 1972, the first intake of cadets for 4-year training was made in Orel. Departments are created on the basis of cycles and individual disciplines. A transition to a battalion system of training cadets is underway. Large construction of an educational and administrative complex, lecture halls, cadet barracks and other facilities begins. In August 1973, V.A. was appointed head of the OVVKUS. Martynov. By 1975, 2,303 officers were graduated from the average profile, of which 1,454 (that is, 63.2%) were sent directly to the government communications troops. In July 1976, the first graduation of officers was made with the assignment of engineering qualifications and the presentation of diplomas higher education All-Union model. By order of the Chairman of the KGB under the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 97 of July 12, 1976, the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of June 17, 1976 No. 471 was announced on the assignment of the Oryol Higher Military Command School of Communications of the KGB under the Council of Ministers of the USSR named after M. I. Kalinin for high performance achieved in the training of officers frames. In 1993, the last graduation of officers under the 4-year program was made. From 1976 to 1993, the school trained about 4,000 specialists, of whom more than 60% were sent to government communications agencies and troops.

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