Space Force
- Space Force - a separate branch of the military armed forces Russian Federation, responsible for Russian defense in space.
- On June 1, 2001, formations, formations and launch units and RKO were reorganized (allocated) into a separate branch of the military, allocated from the Strategic Missile Forces, and continued to perform tasks as the Space Forces of the Russian Armed Forces.
- According to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of October 3, 2002, Tribute is celebrated on October 4
- space forces. The holiday is timed to coincide with the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite, which opened the chronicle of astronautics, including military ones.
Historical background
June 1, 2001 year, a new page was opened in the history of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation: in pursuance of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 24, 2001 and the decision of the Security Council of the Russian Federation of February 6, 2001, the Space Forces were formed and began to carry out their intended tasks.
The creation of the Space Forces is dictated by the real increase in the role of national space complexes and systems in information support for the activities of the Russian Armed Forces and is an essential element in the further strengthening of the country's defense and security.
Space Force - a fundamentally new branch of the military, which is designed to ensure Russia’s security in the space sector.
The integration of formations, formations and units of launch, spacecraft control, missile attack warning, space control and missile defense into one branch of the military was dictated, first of all, by the fact that they have one field of application - space.
The complexes and systems of the Space Forces solve problems of a national strategic scale not only in the interests of the Russian Armed Forces and other law enforcement agencies, but also of most ministries and departments, the economy, and the social sphere.
The use of outer space and the capabilities of space systems around the world is assessed as one of the most important factors in the political, military and economic security of the state.
The main tasks of the Russian Armed Forces HF are:
- timely warning to the country's top military-political leadership about the start of a nuclear missile attack;
- creation, deployment and management of orbital constellations of military, dual and socio-economic spacecraft;
- control of the developed near-Earth space, constant reconnaissance of the territories of a potential enemy with the help of satellites;
- missile defense of Moscow, destruction of attacking enemy ballistic missiles (Golden Ring of Air Defense).
Story
First parts (institutions) for space purposes were formed in 1955, when by decree of the USSR Government it was decided to build a research site, which later became the world-famous Baikonur Cosmodrome.
Before 1981 responsibility for the creation, development and use of space assets was assigned to the Central Directorate of Space Assets (TSUKOS) of the Strategic Missile Forces of the Armed Forces of the USSR. At the end of the 70s, a contradiction objectively arose and began to intensify between the interspecific nature of the tasks being solved and the subordinate subordination of military space.
In 1957 . In connection with the preparation for the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite, the Command and Measurement Complex (CMC) for spacecraft control (UCA) was created (now the Main Test Center for Testing and Control of Spacecraft named after G. S. Titov, GITSIU KS). In the same year, in the city of Mirny, Arkhangelsk region, construction began on a test site intended for launches of R-7 intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) - the current Plesetsk cosmodrome.
October 4 In 1957, parts of the launch and control of spacecraft carried out the launch and control of the first artificial Earth satellite "PS-1", and on April 12, 1961 - the launch and control of the flight of the world's first manned spacecraft "Vostok" with cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin on board. Subsequently, all domestic and international space programs were carried out with the direct participation of military units in launching and controlling spacecraft.
IN 1997 The VKS became part of the Strategic Missile Forces.
IN 1964 G. To centralize work on the creation of new assets, as well as to quickly resolve issues of using space assets, the Central Directorate of Space Assets (TSUKOS) of the USSR Ministry of Defense of the Armed Forces of the USSR was created. In 1970, TsUKOS was reorganized into the Main Directorate of Space Facilities (GUKOS) of the Ministry of Defense.
Under these conditions, the leadership of the USSR Ministry of Defense (USSR Ministry of Defense) in 1981 decided to remove the Main Directorate of Space Facilities (GUKOS) from the Strategic Missile Forces and subordinate it directly to the General Staff. In 1986, GUKOS was transformed into the Office of the Chief of Space Facilities (UNKS). In 1992, UNKS was transformed into a branch of troops of central subordination - the Military Space Forces (VKS), which included the Baikonur, Plesetsk, Svobodny cosmodromes (in 1996), as well as Main center testing and control of military and civil spacecraft named after German Titov, located 40 kilometers from Moscow - Golitsyno-2 (aka Object 413 or Krasnoznamensk). Space Force units are also located in Olenegorsk and the village. Lekhtusi (Leningrad region).
In 1997, the VKS became part of the Strategic Missile Forces.
Taking into account the increasing role of space assets in the system of military and national security of Russia, the country's top political leadership in 2001 decided to create, on the basis of associations, formations and launch and missile launch units allocated from the Strategic Missile Forces, an independent branch of the military - the Space Forces. At the same time, it was taken into account that space forces and means, forces and means of the RKO have a single sphere of problem solving - space, as well as close cooperation of industrial enterprises, ensuring the creation and development of weapons.
Orbital constellation
The Russian orbital group consists of 100 spacecraft. Of these, 40 are defense satellites, 21 are dual-use and 39 are spacecraft for scientific and socio-economic purposes.
For comparison, the United States has the largest orbital constellation, which owns 413 artificial satellites. In third place is China with 34 satellites.
India maintains 7 operational Earth imaging satellites in polar orbits.
Commanders (Heads of Department)
1992-1997 - Vladimir Leontievich Ivanov
2001-2004 - Anatoly Nikolaevich Perminov
2004-2008 - Vladimir Alexandrovich Popovkin
Educational institutions
The training of officers for the space forces is carried out by:
Military Space Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky (formerly Military Space Engineering University named after A.F. Mozhaisky)
Military Academy of Aerospace Defense named after Marshal Soviet Union G.K. Zhukova
Moscow Military Institute of Radioelectronics of Space Forces
Average full general education carries out:
Military space of Peter the Great cadet corps.
Structure of the Space Forces
Currently, the Space Forces include:
- Space Forces Command;
- State Test Cosmodrome Plesetsk;
- Main Test Center for Testing and Control of Space Facilities (GITSIU KS) named after. G.S. Titova;
- Main Missile Attack Warning Center (MC RRN);
- Main Space Control Center (MC KKP);
- Missile Defense (BMD) Unit;
- Directorate for the Introduction of New Systems and Complexes of the Space Forces;
- Military Space Academy (VKA) named after. A.F. Mozhaisky;
- Military Space Cadet Corps.
Armament and military equipment Space Force
Launch vehicle "Proton-M"
Launch vehicle
Soyuz-2
Soyuz-U
Launch vehicle "Soyuz-2" and "Soyuz-U"
Launch vehicle "Cosmos - ZM"
Launch vehicle "Molniya-M"
Launch vehicle "Angara 1.2"
NACU funds
Command and measuring system "Taman-Baza"
Radar stations
Multifunctional radar station "DON-2N"
Radio-optical complex for recognition of space objects "KRONA"
Optical-electronic complex "OKNO"
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
1 slide
Slide description:
2 slide
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The aerospace defense forces were formed on the basis of the Space Forces and the troops of the operational-strategic command of the aerospace defense]. The creation of the Aerospace Defense Forces was required to combine the forces and assets responsible for ensuring the security of Russia in space and from space, with formations problem solvers air defense (air defense) of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. This was caused by the objective need to integrate, under unified leadership, all forces and assets capable of fighting in the air and space spheres, based on modern global trends in armament and rearmament of the armed forces of leading countries towards expanding the role of aerospace in ensuring the protection of state interests in the economic, military And social spheres. Aerospace Defense Forces facilities are located throughout Russia - from Kaliningrad to Kamchatka, as well as beyond its borders. Facilities of missile attack warning and space control systems are deployed in neighboring countries - Belarus, Kazakhstan and Tajikistan. In 2015, the Aerospace Defense Forces were merged with the Air Force and formed a new type of force - the Aerospace Forces, which, in accordance with the decree of the President of Russia, began fulfilling its tasks on August 1.
3 slide
Slide description:
By decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 28, 2001, Colonel General Anatoly Nikolaevich Perminov was appointed commander of the Space Forces. On June 1, the Space Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation were formed and began to carry out their assigned tasks. 2002 On March 26, the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation presented a personal standard (banner) to the commander of the Space Forces. On October 3, Presidential Decree No. 1115 of the Russian Federation introduced Space Forces Day, celebrated annually on October 4.
4 slide
Slide description:
The Aerospace Defense Forces are a separate branch of the military (formation, association), which existed in 2011-2015 as part of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (Russian Armed Forces). The abbreviated name is VVKO. The first duty shift of the command post of the Aerospace Defense Forces took up combat duty on December 1, 2011. On August 1, 2015, by decree of Russian President V.V. Putin, the Aerospace Defense Forces were merged with the Air Force into the Aerospace Forces of the Russian Federation.
5 slide
Slide description:
The main tasks of the Russian Armed Forces' HF are: warning the country's top military-political leadership about a missile attack; missile defense of the city of Moscow; control of outer space; creation, deployment, maintenance of the domestic orbital constellation and control of spacecraft for military, dual, socio-economic and scientific purposes.
6 slide
Slide description:
Organizational structure of the Aerospace Defense Forces: Aerospace Defense Forces Command of the Aerospace Defense Forces Space Command (CC): Main Test Space Center named after. G.S. Titova Main Center for Missile Attack Warning Main Center for Space Situation Intelligence Air Defense and Missile Defense Command (Air Defense and Missile Defense): Air Defense Brigades Missile Defense Unit State Test Cosmodrome "Plesetsk" (GIK "Plesetsk") Separate scientific research station (test site "Kura" ") Arsenal
7 slide
Slide description:
These troops include: the Main Missile Attack Warning Center (Missile Attack Warning System); Main center for space reconnaissance (Space Control Center); Main Test Space Center named after German Titov; Air and Missile Defense Command (Air Defense and Missile Defense) (Operational-Strategic Command of Aerospace Defense), comprising air defense brigades (former troops of the Operational-Strategic Command of Aerospace Defense and the Command special purpose Moscow Air Defense District) and missile defense formations; State Test Cosmodrome Plesetsk (1st State Test Cosmodrome), including a separate scientific research station (Kura test site). Kura Missile Range - test site of the Russian Strategic Missile Forces; Arsenal (a military institution for storing, repairing and assembling, accounting, issuing weapons and ammunition to troops, as well as for carrying out work on their assembly, repair and production of some parts for them).
“On ensuring the construction and development of the armed forces of the Russian Federation, improving their structure,” and the decision of the Security Council of the Russian Federation dated February 6, 2001.
Slide 3
On December 24, 2012, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, Major General Alexander Golovko was appointed commander of the Aerospace Defense Forces
Slide 4
Troop composition
- Rocket and space defense,
- State test cosmodromes of the Russian Ministry of Defense - Baikonur, Plesetsk, Svobodny,
- Main Test Center for Testing and Control of Spacecraft named after G. S. Titov,
- Department for depositing cash settlement services,
- Military educational institutions and support units. Number of people: more than 100 thousand people.
Slide 5
Main tasks of VKS
- timely warning to the country's top military-political leadership about the start of a nuclear missile attack;
- creation, deployment and management of orbital constellations of military, dual and socio-economic spacecraft;
- control of developed near-Earth space, constant reconnaissance of potential enemy territories with the help of Moscow's missile defense system, destruction of attacking enemy ballistic missiles.
Slide 6
Space Forces of the Russian Armed Forces
Slide 7
- Orbital constellation
- 100 spacecraft:
- 40 defense satellites,
- 21 - dual purpose
- 39 spacecraft for scientific and socio-economic purposes
Slide 8
Slide 9
Fighting
AIR AND SPACE DEFENSE
- the totality of coordinated combat actions of all systems of strategic defensive forces carried out according to to a single plan and a plan in all areas to repel an aerospace attack by nuclear and conventional weapons in order to protect a certain territory (water area)
AIR AND SPACE OFFENSIVE
- a set of strikes by nuclear forces and conventional weapons, delivered according to a single plan and plan against all means of aerospace attack at any stage of armed confrontation in order to seize the strategic initiative and achieve war goals
Slide 10
Shamanov Vladimir Anatolievich
Born February 15, 1957 After graduating from the Military Academy in 1998 General Staff Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Chief of Staff - First Deputy Commander of the Combined Arms Army of the Moscow Military District, and since August 1999 - Commander of the Army of the North Caucasus Military District.
By decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 4, 1999, for the courage and heroism shown during the liquidation of illegal armed groups, Major General Vladimir Anatolyevich Shamanov was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation with a special distinction - the Gold Star medal (No. 519).
Slide 11
Influence of the Space Force
The activities and development of the Space Forces directly or indirectly affect many industries national economy and nature, not only in Russia, but also in neighboring countries and the world as a whole.
The successes of space science are making noticeable progress, and communication systems are being improved.
At the same time, the operation of rocket and space technology has a negative impact on the atmosphere, including stratospheric ozone, as well as on the underlying surface and ecosystems of the areas where the separated parts of launch vehicles fall
Slide 12
Symbolism
- Flag of the Russian Aerospace Forces
- Emblem of the Russian Aerospace Forces
- Coin 1 ruble 2007 "Armed Forces"
- Sleeve badge
Slide 13
Professional holiday
- According to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation
- dated October 3, 2002,
- October 4th is Space Forces Day.
- The holiday is timed to coincide with the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite, which opened the chronicle of astronautics, including military ones.
Slide 14
Preparation
- The training of officers for the space forces is carried out by:
- Military Space Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky (formerly Military Space Engineering University named after A.F. Mozhaisky), St. Petersburg
- Moscow Military Institute of Radioelectronics of Space Forces, Kubinka, Moscow Region
- Military Academy of Aerospace Defense
- them. Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukova, Moscow
- Secondary complete general education provides:
- Military Space Peter the Great Cadet Corps, St. Petersburg
View all slides
Slide 1
Space Forces of the Russian Federation Work performed by: Soya Anastasia. Student of class 10B of Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 2 in Zherdevka. Tambov region. The work was checked by: teacher-organizer of life safety Burbakh A.I.Slide 2
Space Forces Space Forces are a fundamentally new branch of the military, which is designed to ensure the security of Russia in the space sector.
Slide 3
communicating a warning to the country's top military-political leadership about a missile attack; missile defense of Moscow; creation, deployment, maintenance and management of an orbital constellation of military, dual, socio-economic and scientific spacecraft; the use of outer space and the capabilities of space systems around the world is assessed as one of the most important factors in the political, military and economic security of the state. The main tasks of the Space Forces are:
Slide 4
Historical background On June 1, 2001, a new page was opened in the history of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation: in pursuance of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 24, 2001 and the decision of the Security Council of the Russian Federation of February 6, 2001, the Space Forces were formed and began to carry out their intended tasks. The creation of the Space Forces is dictated by the real increase in the role of national space complexes and systems in information support for the activities of the Russian Armed Forces and is an essential element in the further strengthening of the country's defense and security.
Slide 5
Commander of the Space Forces Lieutenant General OSTAPENKO Oleg Nikolaevich Born on May 3, 1957.
Slide 6
Currently, the Space Forces include: Space Forces Command; State Test Cosmodrome Plesetsk; Main Test Center for Testing and Control of Space Facilities (GITSIU KS) named after. G.S. Titova; Main Missile Attack Warning Center (MC RRN); Main Space Control Center (MC KKP); Missile Defense (BMD) Unit; Directorate for the Introduction of New Systems and Complexes of the Space Forces; Military Space Academy (VKA) named after. A.F. Mozhaisky; Military Space Cadet Corps. Structure of the Space Force
Slide 7
Weapons and military equipment of the Space Forces Launch vehicles Ground-based automated control complex (NACU) Radar stations Information resources
Slide 8
Launch vehicles Launch vehicle "Proton-M" Class in terms of mass of the launched payload - heavy. Lead developer - GKNPTs im. M.V. Khrunicheva. Customers - KV, Roscosmos.
Slide 9
Launch vehicles Launch vehicle "Proton-K" Class in terms of mass of the launched payload - heavy Customer - KV. FKA The main development company is the Salyut Design Bureau of the State Research and Production Space Center named after. M.V. Khrunicheva
Slide 10
Launch vehicles Launch vehicle "Rokot" Class in terms of mass of the launched payload - light. Customers - KV, Roscosmos. Lead developer - GKNPTs im. M.V. Khrunicheva.
Slide 11
Launch vehicle "Soyuz-2" The class in terms of mass of the launched payload is medium. Customers - KV, Roscosmos. Lead developer - State Research and Production Space Center "TsSKB-Progress". Launch vehicles
Slide 12
Launch vehicles Launch vehicle "Soyuz-U" Class in terms of mass of the launched payload - medium Customer - KV, FKA Main enterprise-developer - State Scientific Research and Production Space Center "TsSKB-Progress" Main enterprise-manufacturer - State Scientific Research and Production Space Center "TsSKB-Progress"
Slide 13
Launch vehicles Class in terms of mass of the launched payload - light Customer - KV Leading enterprise-developer - State Design Bureau "Yuzhnoye" Leading enterprise-manufacturer - PA "Polyot" Launch vehicle "Cosmos-ZM"
Slide 14
Launch vehicles Launch vehicle "Molniya-M" Class in terms of mass of the launched payload - medium Customer - KV. Federal Space Agency (FKA) Leading enterprise-developer - TsSKB GNPRKTs "TsSKB-Progress"
Slide 15
NAKU facilities Designed to control near and mid-space spacecraft located in elliptical, circular and stationary orbits. Available in a stationary version, located in technical building Lead developer – FSUE “RNII KP” Command and measuring system “Taman-Baza”
Slide 16
NAKU facilities Designed to control near and mid-space spacecraft located in elliptical, circular and stationary orbits. Available in a movable version located on a vehicle chassis. The lead developer is FSUE RNII KP. Command and measuring system "Pheasant"
Slide 17
NAKU tools Designed for trajectory measurements in active mode using repeater and transponder signals and in passive mode using reflected signals. The station has two design options: stationary (in a technical building with an antenna on a pylon and mobile (four trailers and an antenna post). Lead developer - OKB "Kuntsevo" Radar station "Kama"
Popov Dmitry, group 67 GBPOU VO "RTSiST" (head - Brykalo A.A.)
The presentation can be used in the “Fundamentals of Life Safety” lessons on the topic “Aerospace Forces (VKS), their composition and purpose,” as well as during extracurricular activities. For example, class hour"Cosmonautics Day"
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“SPACE EQUIPMENT of the Russian Aerospace Forces” Popov Dmitry Aleksandrovich, 17 years old GBPOU VO “Rossoshansky College of Agricultural and Construction Transport”
Space Forces Space Forces are a branch of the military as part of the Russian Aerospace Forces (Russian Aerospace Forces). The Space Forces are designed to ensure Russia's security in the space sector. It existed as a separate branch of the military in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (Russian Armed Forces) in 2001 - 2011. On December 1, 2011, they were transformed into aerospace defense troops. On August 1, 2015, they were recreated as a branch of the military as part of the Aerospace Forces. Flag Small, medium, large emblem of the Russian Space Forces
surveillance space objects and identifying threats to Russia in and from space, and, if necessary, countering such threats; providing senior management levels with reliable information about the detection of ballistic missile launches and warning about a missile attack; launching spacecraft into orbit, controlling military and dual-purpose (military and civil) satellite systems in flight and using individual of them in the interests of providing the troops (forces) of the Russian Federation with the necessary information; The main tasks of the space forces are to maintain the established composition and readiness for use of military and dual-use satellite systems, means of launching and controlling them, and a number of other tasks.
Historical background The first military formations for space purposes were formed in the second half of the 1950s as part of the Strategic Missile Forces in connection with preparations for the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite. By the end of the 1950s, the organizational structure of space units included a test department, separate engineering test units and a range measurement complex at the Baikonur test site, scientific testing departments and separate scientific measurement points of the Command and Measurement Complex Center. On October 4, 1957, the launch and control units of spacecraft carried out the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite "PS-1", and on April 12, 1961 - the launch and control of the flight of the world's first manned spacecraft "Vostok" with cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin on board. Subsequently, all domestic and international space programs were carried out with the participation of military units for launching and controlling spacecraft. To centralize work on the creation of new assets, as well as to quickly resolve issues of the development and use of space assets, the Central Directorate of Space Assets of the Ministry of Defense (TsUKOS MO) was created in 1964 as part of the Strategic Missile Forces. In 1970, TsUKOS MO was reorganized into the Main Directorate of Space Facilities of the Moscow Region (GUKOS MO). Due to the increased volume of tasks being solved, in 1982 the GUKOS MO and the units subordinate to it were withdrawn from the Strategic Missile Forces and subordinated directly to the USSR Minister of Defense. GUKOS MO as the central control body for space units functioned until August 1992, when the Military Space Forces (VKS) were formed. In 1998, the Aerospace Forces were included in the Strategic Missile Forces with the status of managing space assets. In 2001, due to the increasing role of space assets in the military and national security system of Russia, the Space Forces were created on the basis of military units for launching and controlling spacecraft and military formations of missile and space defense. They included all military formations that were previously part of the Aerospace Forces, as well as the missile and space defense association. On December 1, 2011, the Space Forces became part of the created new branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - the Aerospace Defense Forces (ASD). With the introduction of the Aerospace Defense Forces in Russia, the Space Forces, as an independent branch of the military, ceased to exist, but from August 1, 2015 they were recreated as a branch of the military within the Aerospace Forces, formed from the Air Force and Aerospace Defense Forces. The creation of a new branch of the Armed Forces was due to a shift in the center of gravity of the armed struggle to the aerospace sphere.
On December 24, 2012, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, Lieutenant General Alexander Golovko was appointed commander of the Aerospace Defense Forces
15th Army of the Aerospace Forces (special purpose) Main Test Space Center named after. G.S. Titov Main Center for Missile Attack Warning Main Center for Space Situation Intelligence 1st State Test Cosmodrome of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (Plesetsk Cosmodrome) centers for testing and application of space assets separate scientific research station (Kura test site) Arsenal (where the maintenance space technology) Military Space Academy named after. A.F. Mozhaisky Composition of the Space Forces
Russian orbital constellation: 149 spacecraft As of September 2015, the Russian orbital satellite constellation is the second in the world and consists of 149 satellites. Together with orbital constellations of the CIS countries - 167 devices. The largest orbital constellation is owned by the United States, which owns 446 artificial satellites. In third place is China with 120+ satellites. India maintains 40+ operational Earth imaging satellites in polar orbits.
Weapons and military equipment of the Space Forces Launch vehicles for spacecraft (launch vehicles) Launch vehicle "Rokot" Launch vehicle "Soyuz-2" Launch vehicle "Soyuz-U" Launch vehicle "Cosmos-3M" Launch vehicle "Molniya" - M" Equipment of the space command troops (Technique of the KK troops) Command and measuring system "Taman-Base" Command and measuring system "Fazan" Radar station "Kama" Radar station of high factory readiness "Voronezh-DM" Radar station of high factory readiness "Voronezh" -M" Radar station "Volga" Radar station "Daryal" Optical-electronic complex "Window"
Launch vehicle "Rokot" Specifications The class of the mass of the launched cargo is light Launch mass, t. 107.5 Weight of the payload launched into orbit, t.: - Ncr = 200 km, i = 63 deg. - Nkr=20000 km. i=63 degrees - Np/Na=200/20000 km., i=63 deg 1.9 0.5 0.25 Fuel components (oxidizer/fuel) AT/UDMH Length/diameter, m. 29.1 (with KGC)/2, 5 Launch complex 14P25 Technical complex 14P46 Plesetsk cosmodrome Upper stage used as the third stage of the Briz-KM
Launch vehicle "Soyuz-2" Designed for launching spacecraft (SC) into specified orbits or interplanetary trajectories in the interests of solving scientific, socio-economic and military problems Technical characteristics Mass class of the launched cargo is average Launch mass, t. 297.5 ( without GKCh) Mass of payload launched into orbit, t.: - Np /Na=200/300 km., i=62.8 deg. - Nkr=1000 km. i=83 degrees - N/At=1000/40000 km.i=62.8 degrees. - NKr=19500 km., i=64.8 degrees 7.0/7.9 (modernization stage 1a/1b) 4.0/5.44 (stage 1a/1b with RB) 2.0 (stage 1a with RB ) 1.4/1.66 (stage 1a/1b with RB) Number of stages 3 Fuel components (oxidizer/fuel) liquid oxygen/kerosene T-1 Length/diameter, m. 49.4 (with Soyuz type KGC) / 10.3 Launch complex 14P23 Technical complex 14P63 Plesetsk cosmodrome Upper stage used as part of the Fregat launch vehicle
Launch vehicle "Soyuz-U" Designed to launch spacecraft (SC) into specified orbits or interplanetary trajectories in the interests of solving scientific, socio-economic and military problems. Technical characteristics Class on the mass of the launched cargo is average Launch mass, t. 305.0 Weight of the payload launched into orbit, t.: - Ncr=200 km, i=51 deg. 7.1 Propellant components (oxidizer/fuel) liquid oxygen/kerosene T-1 Length/diameter of launch vehicle, m. 33.88 (50.67 with Soyuz-type CGCH) / 10.3 Launch complex 17P32 Technical complex 17P61 Home cosmodrome Plesetsk Prototype Soyuz launch vehicle Launch date of the first modification. 1954 Adopted for service, 1976 Probability of trouble-free launch 0.99 Guaranteed storage period 6 years 5 months
Launch vehicle "Cosmos-3M" Designed to launch spacecraft (SC) into specified orbits or interplanetary trajectories in the interests of solving scientific, socio-economic and military problems. Technical characteristics Launch mass, t. 109 Payload mass in reference orbit, kg. 1500 Length, m. 32.4 Diameter, m. 2.4 Accuracy of spacecraft insertion into a circular orbit (H = 1,000 km), km: - in height - in inclination, ang. min. - by circulation period, pp. + 3.5 + 2.0 + 2.5 Application Cosmodrome Plesetsk
Launch vehicle "Molniya - M" Designed to launch spacecraft (SC) into specified orbits or interplanetary trajectories in the interests of solving scientific, socio-economic and military problems. Technical characteristics Class on the mass of the launched payload is average Launch mass, t. 309.0 Mass of the payload launched into orbit, t.: - Na/Np=4000/600 km., i=63 deg. 2.0 Propellant components (oxidizer/fuel): liquid oxygen/kerosene T-1 / kerosene RG-1 for the ML block Length/diameter of the launch vehicle, m. 43.4 / 10.3 Launch complex 17P32 Technical complex 17P61 Cosmodrome based at the KRK Plesetsk Prototype launch vehicle "Molniya" Launch of the first modification, 1960 Adopted into service, 1975 Probability of trouble-free launch 0.98 Guaranteed shelf life 6 years 5 months.
Command and measuring system "Taman-Base" Designed to control near and mid-space spacecraft located in elliptical, circular and stationary orbits. Available in a stationary version, located in a technical building. Technical characteristics Spacecraft control range, km 150 - 40000 Frequency range C - D IV Transmitter output power, kW 5.0 Antenna mirror diameter, m 12.0
Command and measurement system "Fazan" Designed to control near and mid-space spacecraft located in elliptical, circular and stationary orbits. Available in a movable version located on a vehicle chassis. The lead developer is FSUE RNII KP. Technical characteristics Spacecraft control range, km. 150 - 40 000 Frequency range C - D IV Transmitter output power, kW 5.0 Antenna mirror diameter, m 5.0
Radar station "Kama" Designed for trajectory measurements in active mode based on signals from a repeater, transponder and in passive mode - based on a reflected signal. The station has two design options: stationary (in a technical building with an antenna on a pylon and mobile (four trailers and an antenna post). Lead developer - OKB "Kuntsevo" Technical characteristics Operating range, km. 2500 Frequency range decimeter Antenna diameter, m. 2 ,5 Operating ranges: - by radial speed, km/s - by azimuth, degrees - by elevation, degrees 11 0 - 360 3 - 85
Radar station of high factory readiness "Voronezh-DM" Designed for: - detection of ballistic missiles on flight trajectories within the radar coverage areas; - tracking and measuring the coordinates of detected targets and jammers; - calculation of movement parameters of tracked targets based on radar measurements; - determining the type of goals; issuing information about the target and interference conditions in automatic mode. Lead developer of the VZG radar OJSC "RTI named after A.L. Mints" Moscow. Technical characteristics Power consumption, MW. 0.7 Object detection range, km. 4200
Radar station of high factory readiness "Voronezh-M" Designed for: - detection of ballistic missiles on flight trajectories within the radar viewing areas; - tracking and measuring the coordinates of detected targets and jammers; - calculation of movement parameters of tracked targets based on radar measurements; - determining the type of goals; issuing information about the target and interference conditions in automatic mode. The main developer of the VZG radar is JSC RTI im. A.L. Mints" Moscow. Technical characteristics Power consumption, MW. 0.7 Object detection range, km. 4 200
Radar station "Volga" Designed for: - automatic detection, tracking and determination of the parameters of the trajectories of ballistic and - space objects (BKO); - determination of the type, sign and degree of danger of BKO; - determining the starting and falling points of ballistic targets; - determination of the interference situation in the radar viewing area; - automatic delivery of radar information to the monitoring system. The composition of the radar: - data transmission system - computing complex - command and operational post. Put into operation in 2003. Operates in continuous duty mode. Lead developer of the radar of JSC NPK NIIDAR, Moscow. Technical characteristics Coverage area, degrees: - by azimuth - by angle of coverage 120 4.0-70.0 Detection range, km. 2000 Wave range decimeter
Radar station "Daryal" Designed for: - detection of ballistic missiles on flight trajectories within the radar coverage areas; - tracking and measuring the coordinates of detected targets and jammers; - calculation of movement parameters of tracked targets based on radar measurements; - determining the type of goals; issuing information about the target and interference conditions in automatic mode. The composition of the radar: - command and measurement center; - transmitting radio engineering center; - repair and testing base; - communication and information transfer center. Lead developer of OJSC "RTI named after A.L. Mints", Moscow. Commissioned: 1983. Operates in continuous duty mode Technical characteristics Coverage area, deg. - in azimuth - in elevation 90 40 Wave range meter Range, km. 6000
Optical-electronic complex "Window" The optical-electronic complex "Window" is designed for promptly obtaining information about the space situation, cataloging space objects of artificial origin, determining their class, purpose and current state. The main contractor is JSC Krasnogorsk Plant named after. S.A. Zverev." The complex was put into operation in 1999 and put on duty. Composition of the complex: - Search optical-electronic station; - Search detection station; - communication and information transmission center. Technical characteristics Search optical-electronic station for detecting KOs: - operating spectral range - viewing area, azimuth, deg. - viewing area, by elevation, degrees - range of working altitudes, km. visible 0 - 360 30 - 90 30000 - 40000 Optoelectronic station for measuring angular coordinates and photometry KO: - working spectral range - viewing area, azimuth, deg. - viewing area, by elevation, degrees. - diameter of narrow-angle channel lenses, mm. - diameter of wide-angle channel lenses, mm. - maximum angular tracking speed, degrees/s. visible 360 20 - 90 500 235 3.7
The training of officers for the space forces is carried out by: A.F. Military Space Academy. Mozhaisky Military Academy of Aerospace Defense named after Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukova
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