The optimal width of the terrace of a country house. Construction of a veranda to the house with your own hands. Making a veranda roof

OVER THE LAST 20-30 YEARS, THE GAZEBO AS A PHENOMENON HAS BECOME A FASHIONABLE TREND IN COUNTRY LIFE. EVEN ON OLD, LONG-EQUIPPED 6-acre plots, PEOPLE CARVED PLACE FOR A SMALL GAZABO OR CANNOT TO DRINK TEA IN THE FRESH AIR OR TO CELEBRATE A MEETING WITH FRIENDS WITH A BBQ. BUT FASHIONABLE DOES NOT MEAN RATIONAL...

It's impossible not to love the dacha, especially if you love Chekhov. “At the Dacha”, “Summer Residents”, “Dacha Pleasure” - almost a dozen stories can be counted where the word “dacha” is included in the title, and it’s impossible to count how many where the dacha serves as the setting for the action! True, Chekhov's summer residents were never seen doing garden work - they fall in love, play music, play forfeits and certainly drink wine and tea. And not just anywhere, but on the terrace. The terrace, according to the classic, is the center of dacha life and the main stage of all dacha events. Queen of the dacha!

Over the past century, everything has changed in the most sad way. Firstly, the word “summer resident” has lost its former lightness - weeding, pruning, loosening and watering have firmly taken the place of flirting and forfeits, and secondly, all the terraces have disappeared somewhere.

Recent years 30 People drink kebabs and tea from a samovar exclusively in gazebos. They discuss how to build a gazebo, what to plant around it, and how to properly lay a path to it from the porch of the house.

TERRACE IS:

1. SUMMER OPEN (WITHOUT WALLS) ANNEX TO THE HOUSE. BUILDING. COVERED TERRACE – WITH POLAR ROOF. GLASSED TERRACE.

2. HORIZONTAL LEGEND OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE (ON SLOPES, RATES) AMONG OTHERS SIMILAR. SITE. VERANDAAS. J. THE SAME. WHAT IS TERRACE IN THE 1ST MEANING. THE TERM – TERRACE – WAS CHOSEN FOR THE ARTICLE EXCLUSIVELY OUT OF RESPECT FOR THE RUSSIAN CLASSIC. CHEKHOV HAS ONLY TERRACES.

Explanatory Dictionary of S. I. Ozhegov

The fashion for gazebos has a practical basis.

Frightening difficulties

The gazebo is in no way dependent on the house and is not connected with it, and the terrace assumes close proximity to the main building on the site. The complexities of connecting two buildings on different foundations are daunting. How to build a terrace if the house already exists, but it requires a foundation and such construction will cost a little more than building a light gazebo? Many people believe that a gazebo can be erected virtually without a foundation, on stones.

But this is not so: you also need to prepare the foundation for the gazebo, otherwise it will have to be leveled every spring. In addition, gazebos are usually small, and a good terrace stretches along the entire side of the house - which means that the roof for a large terrace will be more expensive than for a small gazebo.

ADVANTAGES OF THE TERRACE

At first glance, a gazebo is simply cheaper than a terrace. Meanwhile, the advantages of the terrace more than compensate for its relative high cost.

Unlike a gazebo, a terrace is part of the house, in fact another room. Living-dining room in the fresh air - and a stone's throw from the kitchen. Setting the table and, most importantly, clearing the table after long gatherings is much faster and more convenient. You can even put a cupboard on the terrace. In the gazebo, there is usually no space for cabinets or storage areas in general. On the way from the kitchen to the gazebo, the food has time to cool down even on a summer evening. And in order to cook comfortably in a gazebo, you need a summer kitchen with an oven and burners, which will require extra space and serious investments.

To illuminate the terrace, electrical wiring already present in the house is used - required minimal changes. To illuminate the gazebo and the path to it, the wires will have to be pulled much further.

TERRACE SIZE MATTERS

The terrace can be made much more spacious than the gazebo. The gazebo is a separate building; you still need to find a suitable place for it. On a small and already developed site, it is very difficult to allocate an area sufficient for a spacious gazebo. For example, the area of a traditional hexagonal gazebo inscribed in a circle of 0 4 m is equal to 10.34 m2. A circle with a diameter of 4 m is a significant object for a small garden.

A terrace 2.5 m wide, attached to the wall of a house 6 m long, has an area of 15 m2 - 1.5 times larger, and the site will visually remain much freer.

And this is not to mention the fact that the economical hexagonal shape of the gazebo does not visually suit every home and garden.

TASK FOR A LANDSCAPE DESIGNER

A gazebo is more difficult to fit into the landscape. Standing separately from the house, it can look massive, even if there is little space inside. You need to carve out a spot in the middle of the garden, think over and lay paths, decorate the gazebo with plantings and create the impression that it stands freely and does not look too large relative to the site (photo 1).

The terrace is visually part of the house, which is already the most massive object on the site. It won't look much bigger after adding a deck. This means that visually the garden will not seem truncated; the area will still be free.

Finally, a terrace is a great way to decorate the facade. A spacious terrace suits almost any home, making the simplest façade interesting and varied.

As you can see, a terrace is an excellent solution even for a small area. How to design a terrace correctly?

ORIENTATION OF THE TERRACE TO THE SIDE OF THE HORIZONT

It is known that it is better to avoid the north side and choose the southeast or southwest. But the final decision depends on the details. If you dream of a terrace like this to have breakfast with your family or meditate in the silence of the early morning, you need an east or southeast side.

If the goal is to host noisy parties, then the western side is perfect to catch more of the evening sun. It is often not recommended to orient the terrace strictly south, but in middle lane this is quite acceptable, especially if the terrace is covered.

ARCHITECTURE

Of course, the easiest way to design the perfect terrace is together with the house. In this case, you can include in the project, for example, a corner terrace with exits from the kitchen and living room. It will be perfectly protected from the wind (two walls of the house are used) and it will be easier to cover it with a roof.

If you plan to attach a terrace to a finished house, the safest solution is to make it along the entire length of the selected wall. This solution will definitely not spoil the facade. If the house has a complex shape, for example a bay window, the terrace can partially follow its contours - it will look harmonious.

Exit to the terrace is from the kitchen or living room. It is better not to combine the entrance to the terrace and the main entrance to the house: dirty shoes in the dining room (and the terrace is primarily a dining room) is clearly unnecessary. The terrace can be made closed with removable glazing, but unheated: you get a living-dining room in the summer and a vestibule - additional wall insulation in the winter (photo 2).

An open terrace on posts and with a light fence looks much more airy and openwork, but it will probably have to be covered with film to protect it from snow for the winter.

WHAT SIZES SHOULD A TERRACE BE?

It is most convenient when the floor of the terrace is level with the clean floor of the house. This way the terrace will be raised above the ground to the height of the plinth. To prevent rainwater from stagnating on it, a slope of 2% (2 cm of height per 1 m of length) from the wall of the house is required.

FOUNDATION

If you are building a house from scratch, of course, it is best to make a common foundation for the house and terrace. If you are planning to add a terrace to a finished house, you should contact a civil engineer. who will advise how to minimize the mutual displacement of the terrace and the house in heaving soils. And it greatly depends on the design of the existing foundation. If possible, repeat the design of the foundation of the house. If this is difficult, they look for a compromise engineering solution (photo 4).

The terrace is not tied to the house - it is placed closely, providing the possibility of different vertical shifts of buildings, and the joints are covered with strips. This will mask the difference in height fluctuations due to soil swelling (Fig. 1).

COATING

It should be non-slip and resistant to precipitation. Popular options are wooden deck boards (larch, teak), additionally treated with oil or deck varnish; composite decking board (photo 5).

A terrace is a covered, unheated structure raised above the ground, free-standing or attached to the main building. Such a building, decorated with light garden furniture and flowers, can not only decorate the yard, but also become a favorite vacation spot for all family members.

Terrace options

Terraces are:

open;
closed;
partially covered.

An open terrace is an area attached to the house without walls or roof. Here, in good weather, you can sit comfortably in a chair and leaf through a magazine or do yoga. On open terraces you can often see elegant fencing made of hand forged, simple lighting and a floor-mounted sleeve for attaching a sun umbrella.

Partially covered terraces have a light canopy over them, covering either the entire area or only part of it. It is possible to have decorative half-walls made of lightweight materials

A closed terrace is already a full-fledged, equipped room with many windows and furniture. It can be used all year round.

Terrace project

For a wooden country house, used only in the warm season, the best option for a terrace is the construction of a light plank extension, decorated in folk style. rustic style. The location and shape of the structure depends on the personal preferences of the owners and the layout of the house. The main thing is that it is comfortable in all respects. The most common option is to build a terrace against the wall near the entrance. This creates a wonderful recreation room that serves as a hallway and porch. The circular construction of a terrace along the entire house is also interesting.

The structure can be erected near the living room or kitchen. This placement is quite convenient, as it allows you to freely carry dishes and treat guests through the nearest passage.

When making a terrace project, the main condition that it is advisable to observe when choosing a location is that there should be an exit from the house to the building itself.

Those who want to protect this structure from prying eyes can make it at the back of the house. You can plant beautiful plants and trees nearby. This place will be a pleasure for all family members to relax.

Configuration and size

The dimensions of this structure are influenced by the purpose of its use and the space occupied. So, to comfortably accommodate two people, it is enough to allocate an area of 120 cm 2. You should calculate the number of family members and take into account the number of invited guests. It is also worth remembering the area required to install furniture: chairs, benches, sun loungers, sofas. And there should still be space for the free movement of people.

The configuration of such an extension can be absolutely any: square, round, rectangular, polygonal. The most common option is to build a rectangular terrace. The standard width of the extension is 2.5 m, and the length is equal to the size of the adjacent wall of the house.

Regardless of the configuration, any design consists of 3 main parts:

foundation;
flooring;
auxiliary elements.

Selection of materials

Before building a terrace, you need to select building materials. The best way to save money is to use those left over after building a house. Stones and bricks can be used to build a foundation. If you buy material, it is important to choose only the highest quality, since the structure will have to withstand both scorching heat and winter cold.

For finishing partially covered and open areas best option- usage natural stone or its imitation. The advantage of this material is the combination of resistance to climatic influences and external beauty. Also suitable plastic panels, cast iron and aluminum.

Enclosed terraces are most often lightweight buildings, so they are mainly built using a frame structure. The most environmentally friendly and comfortable option is to build a terrace made of wood, where the frame elements are made of timber, and the cladding is made of particle boards or lining. Wood is considered an affordable and easy-to-work material, but it rots over time, so it requires careful care. Often the load-bearing elements of the frame are replaced with a more durable steel profile. The extension of the terrace can be made of lightweight building materials, for example, aerated concrete.

Every private homeowner is thinking about adding a veranda to their home. The entrance door to a home, equipped with a canopy or canopy, looks uninteresting. Having built a veranda, you can decorate it with curtains, hang flower pots or decorate it in the style you like. Being in such a building, it is pleasant to sit with a cup of tea without fear of hot sun rays or drizzling rain. The sunset will be more beautiful if you watch it from convenient place. All this will create additional comfort.

The need for a veranda. Functions, advantages and disadvantages

The construction of a structure such as a veranda is often an important condition for creating comfortable relaxation and organizing functional areas in it. Designs come in open and closed type. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. The advantages include the following:

erecting an open-type structure is not particularly difficult and does not require additional costs for installing windows and doors.
for these structures there is no need to lay a deep foundation.
in a closed veranda you can place a winter garden that is not afraid of frost, or organize a recreation area where you can be at any time of the year.

Speaking about the disadvantages of types of verandas, it should be noted that:

Closed verandas, as a rule, are insulated and have heating installed, which entails energy consumption and requires additional construction equipment.
furniture and other interior items on open verandas quickly become covered with dust or become damp, so they must be made of moisture-resistant materials.
an open veranda will not provide protection from strong winds or low air temperatures.

The need for this extension is determined by the following criteria:

First of all, it increases the usable area of a residential building, especially if it is very small.
Arranging a stove or summer kitchen in it during the warm months of the year is more practical than inside the home. Additional heat and fumes are not retained, making the cooking process more comfortable.
The location of the dining room in it will move vacationers from the stuffy rooms of the house to fresh air.
The veranda, with appropriate design, will become an elegant architectural addition and give the house a beautiful appearance.
The glazed structure will become an intermediate space between the house and the street. This will keep you warm during the cold season.

The functionality of this structure, depending on the type of construction, is as follows:

thanks to its design, the veranda protects the house from various atmospheric phenomena;
the existing veranda fences will prevent direct debris from entering the home;
the designs of closed verandas allow the placement of a large number of plants and even trees in them in winter;
the sliding frame of this extension allows you to adjust the shading areas and provide shelter from the rain;
The extension makes it possible to be in the fresh air even in unfavorable weather conditions.

Design gallery of possible options

This option will serve as a dining room and kitchen at the same time A fireplace in the veranda will create a special atmosphere Adjustable roof allows you to stay in the shade all day long Thanks to a convenient sliding system, this design will turn into an open veranda It won't be cold here even in the colder months TO residential building two verandas are attached: glazed and without a roof The extension serves as an intermediate zone between housing and the street Even in cold weather this design will warm up sun rays Tall plants it will be comfortable in such a building

How to attach a veranda to your house: preparation

Before you start building the veranda frame, you need to decide on the type of future construction. Before you start construction work it is necessary to select a place for its location, make the necessary measurements, prepare materials and install one of the suitable foundations. To accurately calculate required quantity materials and the area of occupied land for this extension, it should be carefully designed and drawn up.

Types of suitable foundation

If you are installing a foundation made of logs, you should pay attention special attention quality of wood. For supports, oak and larch species that have been previously treated with a bitumen mixture or burned are suitable. For these purposes, logs with a diameter of at least 25 cm are used. The method of installing these supports is similar to the construction of a columnar foundation: the bottom of the holes is covered with sand and compacted, after which the logs are placed there. For better stability, concrete is poured onto the sand layer or a wooden cross is installed.

Installing a strip base will require a lot of concrete and reinforcement cage. This foundation consists of solid walls hidden in the ground. It is intended for heavier buildings. The lower part of this base has an extension, which creates additional stability for the entire building. In cases of unstable or loose soil, the strip foundation can be increased. When installing this base, you need to leave holes for the necessary communications.

Tape blocks are very popular. To do this, ready-made concrete blocks are purchased and installed in a shallow (20 to 30 cm) trench, the bottom of which is compacted with sand. In this case, the block will be deepened into the ground by 2/3 of the slab. It will simultaneously play the role of foundation and basis for the floor of the veranda.

The column-pile foundation consists of long columns. To install it, you need to dig holes using a construction drill. Their depth should be from 40 to 50 cm. The bottom of the pit is covered with a layer of crushed stone or gravel. Then a sleeve with roofing material rolled into a pipe is inserted into it. Concrete is poured into the resulting cavity. The supporting column is built on top of the resulting base.

A screw foundation involves the use of metal pile elements, to the ends of which blades of various sizes are welded. This type of foundation is most suitable for unstable soil. Piles are screwed into the ground using manual force or pile-drilling equipment. The strength of the base, in this case, depends on the material of manufacture and the diameter of the pipes. The screw-in depth must be below the freezing point. Typically this value is from 70 to 12 cm. Installation of screw piles is convenient because they can be installed in frozen ground.

Project drawings, dimensions

As an example, an open veranda with a pitched roof, installed on a columnar foundation, is presented.

Materials for this design should be selected taking into account the design of the house

This design is a square shape, measuring 490x500 cm. The height to the ceiling beam is 230 cm. The roof angle is 20°. The distance from the bottom frame to the rafters adjacent to the wall of the house will be 420 cm. Since the width of the structure is more than 3 m, intermediate racks made of beams with a section of 100x150 mm will be used to strengthen it. The distance between the first and second row from the wall of the house is 277 cm. From the second to third row is 180 cm. On the front side, the racks are 166 cm apart from each other. The distance between the longitudinal load-bearing beams should be from 80 to 110 cm. For the roof it is necessary roofing material with a total area of 24.5 m². The height of the foundation pillars, from the ground to the bottom frame of the veranda frame, is 145 cm.

On a veranda with these parameters you can place a couple of chairs with a table and hang a garden swing.

1 - support board; 2 - longitudinal load-bearing beams; 3 - transverse beam; 4 - racks; 5 - foundation pillars

Material selection and calculation

The most common material for constructing verandas is wood. It has a clear advantage over brick, metal and metal-plastic buildings. The material is easy to process, which is not typical for a metal structure. If you use when building a veranda profile pipes, channels or corners, then it is convenient to install double-glazed windows to such a frame.

A brick extension requires a deep foundation, which is an additional expense. In addition, its construction will take much more time than a wooden structure. To cover closed verandas, glass (double-glazed windows) or polycarbonate is installed. Metal tiles, bitumen coatings, slate and polycarbonate alloys are used for roofing. However, for better sound insulation, you should pay attention to soft tiles.

To make a frame veranda made of wood, the following materials are required:

For the bottom and top trim:

four beams with a cross section of 100x200 mm, 500 cm long;
ten beams with a similar cross-section, 490 cm long.

For vertical racks you need:

five beams with a cross section of 100x200 mm, 430 cm long (posts attached to the wall of a residential building), and the same number - 285 cm each (intermediate posts);
six beams with a section of 100x200 mm, a length of 230 cm (facade racks).
For longitudinal load-bearing elements (rafters) you need seven beams with a cross-section of 100x150 mm and a length of 540 cm.
For flooring, tongue and groove boards with a cross-section of 100x40 mm and a length of 490 cm are required, for a total area of 24.5 m².
OSB boards are needed for roof sheathing.
For the railing, beams with a cross section of 100x100 mm and a total length of 15 m are required.
For an x-shaped fence, similar beams with a total length of 40 m are needed.
Concrete M-300.
Roofing felt or boards for formwork.
Reinforcing bars with a diameter of 10 mm.
The roof requires soft tiles to cover 26.5 m².
Waterproofing material.

Required Tools

To build an open veranda structure, you will need the following tools:

Screw, bayonet and shovel.
Concrete mixer.
Water container.
Screwdriver.
Jigsaw.
Grinding machine.
Electric planer.
Hammer.
Construction level.
Roulette.
Large square.
Ladder.
Cord.
Pencil.

Step-by-step instructions: how to build a summer terrace

To build a frame veranda, it is necessary to lay a foundation. When installing it, you should adhere to some construction nuances:

pits and trenches for the veranda should be at the same depth as the foundation of the house to which it is attached;
if the built-up area has unstable soil or there are abundant groundwater, then a pile-screw foundation will be able to cope with this problem;
it is necessary to determine the ability of the soil to absorb moisture and the homogeneity of the soil at the construction site.

Depending on the composition and quality of the soil, the appropriate base for the frame is selected. In our case it is columnar foundation.

The base consists of individual concrete pillars installed in the ground. A grillage or frame for erecting walls is attached to them.

Make markings for the future veranda using a cord and wooden pegs.
1 - cast-offs from boards; 2 - cord; 3 - plumb line; 4 - level
Using a screw shovel, dig holes with a diameter of 40 to 50 cm, to a depth of 60 cm.
Place wet sand at the bottom of each hole. It must be compacted to form a sand cushion 20 cm thick.
To prevent liquid concrete from being absorbed into the sand, you need to lay a waterproofing layer. For these purposes, use roofing material.
Make formwork from the boards. The size of each wall should be 40x90 cm.
Place reinforcing bars inside the formwork.
Pour the concrete mixture there so that its level rises 40 cm above the ground.
The reinforcement cage will strengthen the concrete pillar
Use stops to hold the formwork walls.
Leave the concrete to harden.
When the base has hardened sufficiently and the pillars have formed, remove the formwork.
Using a building level, check the vertical position of each pillar.
Optimal dimensions for the base under the veranda
Treat them with bitumen mastic.
Compact the soil around the posts and install a fence.
Lay a waterproofing layer on the finished foundation. To do this, you need to roll the roofing material twice.
Install the bottom frame of the structure on top. For this you need beams with a cross section of 100x200 mm. You need to cut grooves in them to install vertical supports.
On wooden joists install a floor made of tongue-and-groove boards with a cross-section of 100x40 mm.
Install vertical supports from similar beams into the grooves.
Grooves make the structure strong
Attach long supports to the wall of the house using anchors and screws.
Mount the top frame of the structure. The connections of the wooden elements are similar to the bottom trim
TO top harness, on the one hand, and the wall of the house on the other, install the rafter system of the extension. Arrange its elements in increments of 50 cm. To do this, you need beams with a cross-section of 100x150 mm.
The structure is ready for insulation and finishing
The frame of the rafter system is attached to the top frame using metal corners or plates.
Metal connections will not be visible after finishing
Install veranda side railings.
Attach waterproofing to the rafter system, on top of which fill the sheathing with a section of 20x40 mm, in increments of 40 cm. Attach OSB boards to it using self-tapping screws.
Soft tiles are easy to install and repair
Now you can proceed to installing the roofing material. Laying of soft tiles is carried out from the eaves from the center of the slope. The first row of this covering must be laid 2 cm from the edge of the cornice. Lay the layers of tiles with an overlap of 5 - 10 cm. Cover the joints with bitumen mastic. Secure the tiles on four sides with nails.
Exists large number colors and shades of soft roofing

Final finishing

The selected materials for finishing the veranda should have not only aesthetic value, but also practical value. Open design is susceptible to environment. It follows from this that finishing materials must be resistant to high humidity and temperature changes.

The most common material that meets all the requirements of open structures is wooden lining. This is an environmentally friendly coating that is ideal for wall coverings. A veranda with this finish has a pleasant woody smell. For better joining of wooden elements, their sides are equipped with grooves. To increase service life, this finishing material pre-treated with antifungal impregnations.

The lining is easy to install, thanks to the cutouts along the edges

MDF boards are used as the final finishing of the veranda walls. This material is more suitable for closed structures. This is due to the fact that moisture has a detrimental effect on the slabs, causing them to deform and lose quality.

Inexpensive and reliable material- MDF boards

The opposite of MDF boards are PVC panels, which are moisture resistant. This coating is easy to clean, fire-resistant, and comes in a variety of textures and colors. Installation of these plates is very simple.

Easy to process and install PVC panels

An affordable and practical material for finishing verandas is siding. Its texture usually resembles stone or wood. Available in the form of long panels of various colors and shades. The material is resistant to fire, rotting, and has long term operation.

Siding is securely attached thanks to convenient holes

Thanks to the variety of shades, it is easy to choose according to color scheme buildings on your site. Vinyl siding is often used for this.

To make the external decoration of the veranda you need:

How and with what to insulate floors and ceilings

When insulating a veranda, first of all you need to pay attention to the floor. This is especially important when the foundation is piled, columnar or does not have a continuous strip. In this case, from below, it is covered with penofol, after which all the cracks between the boards are puttied. Carpet or linoleum on a polypropylene base is suitable as floor surface insulation.

If you do high-quality insulation, then it is necessary to arrange a subfloor, followed by filling and installing a finished surface with a coating.

Floors on the veranda can be insulated using expanded clay granules. To do this, wooden logs are installed on the existing surface from beams with a cross-section of 40x150 mm, with a pitch of 60 cm. Expanded clay is poured between them, the height of which should not exceed the upper edge of the boards. OSB boards are fixed on top of the logs, onto which the finished floor is installed.

The granules must be evenly spaced

Also, floors and walls are insulated using mineral wool. For ease of installation, it is sold in the form of rectangular slabs of various thicknesses. To insulate the floor with cotton wool, you need to cover it with waterproofing material. For this, foamed foil propylene foam is used. Wooden logs with the same cross-section and pitch are installed on top of this layer. Mineral wool slabs are tightly laid between them. If its thickness is insufficient, then the slabs are stacked on top of each other, with the condition that they do not rise above the wooden frame. Otherwise, the insulation will wrinkle and lose its thermal insulation properties. Attach a vapor barrier material on top of it, to the joists. Then the finishing is installed.

The form of mineral wool in the form of slabs is convenient for installation

Penoplex and foam plastic have proven themselves well as insulation. These materials have the same base, but penoplex has a uniform structure, and polystyrene foam tends to crumble. This insulation is available in the form of slabs of various thicknesses. Just as in the previous options, its installation requires a waterproofing and vapor barrier layer. The slabs are fastened to the joists using plastic dowels. The joints of the slabs are filled polyurethane foam, which serves as an additional adhesive material. OSB boards or tongue and groove boards are fixed on top. The ceiling is also insulated using the same principle.

Lightweight and durable material - penoplex

If the veranda is an open structure, walls made of beams are built along its perimeter. Then, using the above methods, insulation is installed. Double-glazed windows are inserted into the walls.

Video: DIY veranda

Thanks to wide range materials, the appearance of the veranda can be decorated in an original and beautiful way. By insulating this structure, you will enjoy the view not only of flowers, but also of the winter landscape. Lunch or evening tea parties will be more memorable thanks to the natural freshness and soft light at sunset, and rainy weather will not spoil the outdoor party.

The terrace, like the patio, is an open structure on a country site. It is erected slightly elevated above ground level or at the floor level of the main building and may have side fences. Sometimes the building is built in the form of an extended porch.

The main task of designing an extension is to harmoniously arrange the terrace in the landscape design of a suburban area. It is preferable that the terrace plan be included in general project plot. In this case, it is erected on a single foundation with the main building. During construction, you can use common materials and constructive solutions. Thanks to the overall design of the buildings, the terrace will organically fit into the architectural ensemble.

If it was planned after the construction of the main building, a separate project must be made for the extension.

When designing, one should take into account the climatic features of the area and the condition of the soil of the suburban area. Since the structure is planned to be attached to a wooden or brick house, the condition of its foundation and other structures that will be adjacent to the terrace are examined.

To build an open terrace, permitting documents are not required. Such structures are considered temporary by law. If a closed terrace is being built with foundation equipment and glazing, it is defined as a veranda. Its construction must be registered as a redevelopment. To obtain permission, the extension project is submitted to the chief architect of the district. Then changes are made to the general design of the suburban area.

Placement, shape and dimensions of the terrace

The choice of location for the extension will determine the convenience of its use, the suitability of the terrace and its protection from atmospheric influences. More often, a terrace is attached to the front side of the house, simultaneously serving as a porch, a canopy and a place for relaxation and feasting.

If the structure is not tied to the main front door, it is equipped from the kitchen or living room, equipping a separate exit from these rooms. This will allow you to serve dishes and invite guests to a table set in the fresh air. In another embodiment, it is located around the perimeter of the house with one or several entrances.

It is better to choose a place for the terrace in the shade of trees growing on the site. If the area near the house is not shaded, preference is given to the eastern or northern side of the main building. But such an arrangement is planned if the suburban area belongs to a region with hot summer weather.

The size of the terrace depends on the capabilities of the site and the nature of its use. For free movement along it, the width of the extension must be at least 120 cm. The area of the dining area is determined taking into account the number of residents and possible guests. Accommodating 6 people at a table on the terrace will require about 8 m2 of equipped area. For additional space for relaxation, the placement of sun loungers or a sofa is taken into account, ensuring free passage.

The shape of the terrace is chosen based on the personal preferences of the owners and the available space near the house. An open terrace can have different configurations - rectangular, round or with broken contours. For a closed building, you should take into account the convenience of erecting a roof over it. For non-standard shape structures, you can use modern glass roofing elements.

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Materials for arranging a terrace

The main criterion for choosing a material for the construction of a structure is the harmonious appearance of the terrace in the landscape of the area and compliance with the main architectural style. But there is no need to use the same types of materials as when building a house.

When adding support columns for the roof, you can make it from brick, and the balustrade and floor can be made from wood. If the house is wooden, the terrace elements are made of the same material. As an exception, roofing and fencing elements using glass look neutral. They are harmonious against the background of wood, brick or stone. Forged fences fit well into the appearance of only a stone or brick house.

The choice of floor covering for the site depends on the degree of its openness. If special requirements are placed on the floor of the terrace - resistance to large temperature changes, high humidity and loads, porcelain stoneware or ceramic tiles. In the traditional version, preference is given to wooden floor. For open types For structures, the finishing coating can be terrace or deck boards. Solid boards can only be used in indoor areas. The tongue-and-groove connection of the boards prevents the normal flow of rainwater.

If you plan to build a terrace yourself, you will need a set of the most necessary tools:

shovels, hole drills, containers for mortar - when pouring the foundation;
circular saw, jigsaw and tape measure - for cutting and processing material;
drill, hammer, screwdriver - to secure it;
chisel, plane, ax - for fitting wooden elements;
level, construction cord - for correct installation designs.

Proper construction of extensions for various purposes can not only expand the residential part of the house, but also improve its appearance and protect it from wear and tear. The construction of a veranda adjacent to the house, regardless of the type of structure, requires careful development of the project, with the determination of materials and construction technology.

Proper execution and approval project documentation in government agencies will not only insure you against problems with the law, but will also help you draw up a plan and estimate for the structure.

Design

A typical veranda is a roofed frame structure built on a strip or column foundation, with glass or half-glass walls. The statement that the veranda should be built from the same materials as the main building, with the emergence of new styles and fashion trends in architecture, has lost its relevance.

In the photos below - ready-made solutions verandas attached to the house, with different principles of compatibility. In some cases, the new extension is made of the same materials and is completely combined with the house, in others the new is combined with preservation common elements– roofs, beams, etc.

There are also projects in which original design The extension introduces a new architectural touch, updating the exterior.

When choosing materials and construction technologies, you should also take into account the parameters of proper ventilation, moisture resistance and thermal insulation. With full glazing, it is necessary to provide opening segments for ventilation.

If you are building an open veranda, or, as it is also called, a summer terrace, you need to take care of the frost-resistant lining and the slope of the floor towards the site.

Designs with removable frames are optimal for year-round use. Installing large sliding doors will also allow the building to be used in a dual-mode version.

IN standard project The area of the veranda is rectangular and ranges from 10 to 15 sq.m. For smaller areas it will be too cramped; for larger ones, additional reinforcement for the roof will be required. Polygonal and semicircular foundations are also possible.

According to its location, the veranda can be corner, end or facade. An original solution can be considered the construction of a terrace along the entire perimeter of the house, which can have glazed, open and closed areas for various purposes: they can accommodate a hallway, a recreation area, and a large storage room.

Foundation

The foundation of terraces and verandas attached to the house must fit tightly to the main building, but at the same time have independent supports.

A strip foundation is suitable for large and heavy structures; in all other cases, a columnar foundation can be erected. When pouring concrete, you need to leave a gap of 3-4 cm with the main wall, which will subsequently be filled with waterproofing foam.

At the first stage of preparation for construction, the soil is cleaned and compacted. Then, for the pillars, corner holes are dug along the depth of the house foundation (about 1 m on average), a cushion is made of crushed stone, gravel and sand, onto which concrete is poured.

After setting, asbestos or asbestos supports are inserted metal pipes. Concrete pillars or brick can also be used. The same method is used to lay high piles for buildings adjacent to the second floor level.

Depending on the area and weight of the terrace, intermediate posts may be needed, installed every half meter.

For a strip foundation, a 30-50 cm trench is dug, the formwork is placed 15-20 cm higher. Metal reinforcement bars or reinforcement mesh. Concrete is poured onto a layer of crushed stone and sand.

Wood frame

The frame is assembled from beams or logs with a width of at least 12 cm, which are covered with a waterproofing layer. For the strength of horizontal knitting, experts recommend using fastenings in the foot, the surface of the connection will be at an angle. Vertical posts are secured with diagonal interceptions.

At the final stage, the wooden frame is covered with rafters for the roof. For cladding you can use plywood panels, chipboards, etc.

Construction of a wooden veranda is the best budget solution in terms of materials prices, but when choosing this type of construction you need a professional approach and knowledge of the nuances of construction from wooden beams.

Other materials for verandas

The foam block structure is erected on strip foundation. This type of masonry is easy to do yourself. The masonry is carried out using a special glue, with the seams bandaged for strength.

When finishing, an internal and external waterproofing layer, finishing with plasterboard, wooden panels, moisture-resistant wallpaper and paints are provided. The outer surface can be lined with ventilated facades.

The construction of the structure is made of polycarbonate, a modern and attractive option. This material goes well in buildings with wooden and brick frames.

For a building that consists entirely of bicarbonate panels, you do not need a foundation. The earth can simply be compacted and covered with paving slabs.

The structure is created using aluminum profiles; it is necessary to provide for the possibility of ventilation and water drainage. Polycarbonate panels and frames of various types can be tailored to specific needs for lighting and thermal insulation.

Before you attach a veranda to the house, you need to decide on the functions that it will perform. In addition to the necessary drainage and ventilation systems in any case, proper connection to the permanent structure and roof structure, the schedule for using this part of the house is important.

The design and construction of summer verandas differs from the requirements for premises with year-round use. It is also important to note that any extension will require the same care and updating as permanent buildings.