Among the many beautiful noble estates destroyed by the revolution, the estate of the Princes Vasilchikovs in Trubetchino stands out especially... Nowadays it is not very well known, but more than a hundred years ago it was famous throughout Russia as an example of a rare exemplary economy in a noble estate
There are no special beauties here, but these places are very remarkable and rich in history: among the thickets, trees and modern buildings, buildings of a bygone era suddenly appear unexpectedly
School in Trubetchino, one of the rare well-preserved buildings
And the thick double oak must still remember the Vasilchikov princes
The estate in Trubetchino belonged to a rare type of “business” estate, in which the most advanced agricultural production technologies of that time were used. By the beginning of the 20th century, the number of stone and wooden buildings of the Trubetchinskaya estate exceeded a hundred. Only about ten have survived to this day.
The ancient village of Trubetchino, "Spasskoe identity", Lebedyansky district of the Tambov province (now Dobrovsky district of the Lipetsk region) arose in the second half of the 18th century on the patrimonial lands of Prince Ivan Yuryevich Trubetskoy, comrade-in-arms of Peter I and the last boyar in Russian history. The owner's surname is fixed in the name of the village. It was called Spassky after the wooden church in the name of the Savior, the Image Not Made by Hands, first mentioned in documents of 1710
Church of the Savior Not Made by Hands
Built at the expense of Prince I.V. Vasilchikov in 1831~1838
Recently restored
During the Soviet years, the temple was severely destroyed: the bell tower was demolished down to the first tier, the refectory was dismantled
(photo by A. Naydenov)
In the book by A.E. Andrievsky “Historical and statistical description of the Tambov diocese” (1911) we read:
Trubetchino. The church is stone, warm, built in 1838 at the expense of Prince Vasilchikov. There is only one throne - the Image of the Savior Not Made by Hands (August 16).
Dvorov 230, d. m. p. 945, zh. item 995, Great Russians, farmers, have land of 13 sazhs. per capita in the field.
In the parish is the village of Novoselye, 64 doors, d. m. p. 290, w. item 275, from the church in 5 ver. Countess Tolstoy's big savings. Pond and forest.
Schools: in the village zemstvo, and in the village parochial, for a teacher in the zemstvo school 60 rubles. per year. There is a savings and loan office at the post office. There is an inventory of church property and metric books from 1781.
Staff: priest, deacon and psalm-reader. The clergy of land has 35 dessiatinas. field and 2 des. estate, field land in one place from the church 4 ver. The total profitability of the postal land is 300 rubles. per year. Bratsk annual income is 600 rubles. Postal capital 226 rub. The clergy houses are church houses.
Coming from the station. "Lebedyan" in the 35th century, a post office, a hospital, a market and a parish in the village itself, a dean in the 25th century. and the city of Tambov in 120 ver. Address for correspondence: Trubetchino, Tamb. lips Zemsky chief of the 3rd section, bailiff of the 2nd camp of Lebedyansk district.
On the map of Mende Tambov province (1862)
Plan of the Trubetchino estate (1891) from the collection "Estates of the Lipetsk Region"
After I.Yu. Trubetskoy's estate came into the possession of his son-in-law, Prince Vasily Lukich Dolgorukov I. In the middle of the 18th century, Spassky was owned by the Gagarin princes, in the second half of the century - by Countess Anna Alekseevna Matyushkina, née Princess Gagarin. In 1804, Trubetchino was inherited by her grandchildren, the children of Sophia's daughter - the young Counts of Vielgorsky. In 1816, the estate was owned by Chief Jägermeister Vasily Aleksandrovich Pashkov. The estate was transferred to Vasilchikov after the marriage in 1817 of Illarion Vasilyevich Vasilchikov to the daughter of the former owner, Tatyana Vasilyevna Pashkova, who until 1861 was its official owner, giving her husband the right to independently engage in economic activities on the estate
It was Illarion Vasilyevich Vasilchikov who initiated the transformation of a typical provincial estate, which brought income to its owners only through the peasant labor of serfs, into a highly profitable estate based on the use of modern technologies and management methods
In 1861, Trubetchino, according to a separate act with his brothers, passed to Prince Viktor Illarionovich Vasilchikov, who since 1861 lived in Trubetchino, devoting the rest of his life to farming with his brother Prince Alexander Ivanovich Vasilchikov on their beloved estate
Since 1881, the estate was inherited by the daughter of Prince A.I. Olga Alexandrovna Vasilchikova with her husband Count Mikhail Pavlovich Tolstoy... Living for a long time in Trubetchino, the Tolstoy couple were able not only to preserve, but also to improve the exemplary estate farm established by the previous owners. This is how Trubetchino describes the “Handbook and Travel Book for Russian People,” edited by V.P. Semyonova: “The Trubetchinskoye estate (in the amount of 6,000 dessiatines) ... has a beet sugar factory that produces up to 60 thousand pounds of granulated sugar, and a mechanical workshop that prepares agricultural implements. In addition to intensive farming organized on the most rational principles, Simmental cattle have been bred in Trubetchino and artificial forestry has been introduced.”
Another old building, similar to a school, only plastered
Previously there was a central regional hospital here, now a clinic
All the main attractions are located mainly in the center of the village, along Pochtovaya Street
Most of the buildings of the Trubetchinskaya estate date back to 1855 - 1883 - the period of formation of the estate complex and the active economic activity of its owners during this period - princes Victor and Alexander Illarionovich Vasilchikov. At this time, they built a complex of residential and utility buildings at the central entrance to the main manor house, a stable, horse and cattle yards, barns, etc. Under M.P. and O.A. Tolsty's estate complex received its final completion. A hospital and a school, new sugar factory buildings, a calf barn, a mill and many other smaller buildings were built. By the beginning of the 20th century, the number of stone and wooden buildings of the Trubetchinskaya estate exceeded a hundred
Horse yard gate
The gate is located directly opposite the clinic, across the road. The area of the horse yard was located inside the walls of the stable, closed along a square perimeter. Walls made of sand-lime brick obviously built on later, during the Soviet years...
According to documents from 1839, a stud farm of Prince I.V. operated in Trubetchino. Vasilchikov, founded back in 1814
Now everything inside is overgrown with trees and bushes... Judging by the huge number of empty bottles, this is a refuge for local drunks. And this is on the main street
Cast iron “horse head” on the pediment of a “three-piece” stable
(photo by A. Klokov, 1988)
They say that now the “head” is kept in the Lipetsk Museum of Local Lore... But I never found this gate itself
Only the cockerel and the hens feel at ease here: they wander among the ruins
In Trubetchinsky Park:
The rooks have arrived
Savrasov motives
The Soviet stage in the old manor park is also now in ruins
The park is abandoned and heavily littered
In addition to numerous residential and outbuildings, the Trubetchino estate complex included a garden occupying several hectares to the southwest of the estate itself, and a park with an area of 15 hectares, which today contains up to 25 tree and shrub species. In addition to old-growth trees of white poplar, linden, ash, elm and maple, there are trees of European and Siberian larch and Schwedler maple, exotic for this area. Two small ponds were built in the park, now dry.
Among the thickets one can discern an ancient outbuilding
Everything around him is cluttered and littered with some kind of rubbish, fenced with ridiculous fences
Behind the gardens you can see two more ancient buildings with round dormers on the gables.
And in the distance on the right there rises a pipe
Oh, this is the famous trumpet! She's not modern. This is a chimney from an old sugar factory. The main high-rise dominant of the village is visible from everywhere... An unusual ornament is laid out in the upper part
In 1839 they(Prince I.V. Vasilchikov) A fire-fired sugar factory was set up in Trubetchino, which significantly increased the profitability of the estate. In 1858, the plant was converted into a steam plant in accordance with the latest advances in this field. Thus, at first a small industrial enterprise for processing agricultural products became over time the main economic sector of the Trubetchinsky estate, forever determining the specialization and specificity of the estate of the Vasilchikov princes
Beet sugar production was the central branch of economy. Providing two-thirds of the plant's beet needs from its own plantations, the estate purchased up to 34% of the raw materials from suppliers, mainly peasants from neighboring villages. Constantly increasing the pace of sugar production, Vasilchikov turned the plant into a large industrial enterprise with spacious premises in one- and three-story brick buildings and modern equipment. In 1876 there were 4 hydraulic press, producing 33,000 poods of sugar per year worth 132,000 rubles. The factory equipment was serviced by a mechanic, who is also the director of the plant, 31 artisans and up to 350 civilian laborers. All sugar was sold in Moscow. Beet sugar production brought the owners of the estate a net profit of up to 50-70 thousand rubles. per year
The pipe is not made of ordinary red brick, but of heat-resistant yellowish brick
It has been standing safe and sound for almost 180 years! And only at the top did it crack. We knew how to build well before
The brick is not simple: it is much larger than usual and has cavities inside
Left wing of the manor house
What was the manor house itself like?
The main manor house in Trubetchino (or rather, the palace) was built according to the design of the famous “nugget” architect Pyotr Samoilovich Boytsov, the author of many famous buildings, including the main manor house of the Vyazemsky princes in Lotarevo, whose traces I looked for last December
On January 12-14, 1918, the estate was destroyed by residents of the surrounding villages. The main manor house was looted and burned, live and dead equipment from numerous outbuildings was stolen, farmsteads were destroyed, grain was stolen
Only in the spring of 1918 did the new government come to its senses and transfer the Trubetchinskoe estate to the jurisdiction of Glavsakhar, which established the protection of the estate property and restored production at the sugar factory. The staff of the Lipetsk Museum also tried to save at least something from the estate for future generations. It is not known how these attempts ended, but the white marble statues stored today in the collections of the Lipetsk Regional Museum of Local Lore are most likely from Trubetchino
After the sugar factory was closed and the equipment was transferred to the Borinsky sugar factory, the estate lost its last owner, who had the need and opportunity to somehow maintain order in it. Now only time and local residents (both the first and the second are absolutely inexorable) have become the absolute masters of the Trubetchinsky estate
Now only a few surviving residential and outbuildings with a factory chimney towering over the entire surrounding area remind us of a large estate complex and a thriving economy
Rural picture
Sun through the clouds
Dormitory for workers and employees of the estate (now a residential building)
Behind it on the left you can see a pond
On the eve of the brewing peasant reform and even before the division of property, Alexander and Viktor Illarionovich began to prepare their estates, including Trubetchino, for management on the basis of civilian labor. In the late 1850s and early 1860s, residential buildings for hired workers, an extensive work yard with stables for working horses, workshops and storerooms were built in Trubetchino. First of all, V.I. Vasilchikov drew attention to the beet sugar factory, which remained the main source of income for the economy. It was necessary to improve the beet culture grown on the estate. Viktor Illarionovich began cultivating beets, formulating the slogan of the “revived” Trubetchinsky farm as “improved tillage and fertilization of fields”
Another old house
With the help of a craftsman brought from Germany, and taking into account the characteristics of the local soil, Viktor Illarionovich designed his own plow and subsoiler. This design of the plow, which went down in history under the name “Vasilchikovsky” and was shown for the first time at the St. Petersburg manufacturing exhibition in 1870, fully satisfied the needs of not only its creator, but also many farmers of the surrounding provinces for decades. In addition to plows, the Trubetchinsky farm used various types harrows, cultivators, steam threshers, sorters, rollers, seeders (most of which are ordinary), reapers, haymowers, etc.
And this is a Soviet building, as indicated by the date on the pediment
These were probably repair shops with garages on the sides
The "good quality" of Soviet construction is no longer the same
It’s obvious that they sculpted a “bummer”
Ancient building near the chimney
And a few more pictures from the “modern realities” series
Contrasts:
Burnt house
And directly opposite, across the road, is a modern “palace”, of simple standard architecture, clearly of some bureaucrat or deputy. What is missing from it?.. That’s right, a solid three-meter fence, with which it will soon be surrounded
On the shore of the pond
Medvedka on the water
The Barsky Pond is large, beautiful, created back in those days, on the Martynchik River
But the amount of garbage is off the charts. Apparently, such a national Russian trait as swinishness is ineradicable
View from the stop
(1820-1878)
Russian general, participant Crimean War(1853-1856). On July 16, 1867, he submitted a request to refuse service and decided to devote himself to agriculture on his Trubetchino estate, Lebedyansky district, Tambov province. Achieved great success in agriculture and acquired a reputation as an expert in this matter, to whom both private individuals and government officials turned for advice. In retirement, he was engaged in a lot of literary activities, publishing articles and brochures on agricultural issues, among them it is worth especially noting: “A few words about civilian labor” (Moscow, 1869); "Wouldn't you like it?" (Moscow, 1870)
Alexander Illarionovich Vasilchikov (1818-1881)
Russian writer and public figure, founder of the cooperative movement in Russia, active state councilor. At the beginning of 1840, he accepted an invitation to go to the Caucasus to see Baron Gan, who was supposed to introduce a new administrative structure there. Member of the people's militia during the Crimean War (1853-1856). I witnessed a quarrel between Lermontov and Martynov in the Verzilins' house... Second at the last duel M.Yu. Lermontov
Children of A.I. Vasilchikova and E.I. Senyavina: Boris, Olga and Evgenia
If you believe the signature, then in the center is Princess Olga Alexandrovna Vasilchikova (married Tolstaya), the future last owner of the Trubetchino estate
Mikhail Pavlovich Tolstoy (1845-1913)
Count, Major General, Hero Russian-Turkish war(1877-1878), revered in Bulgaria as a hero-liberator, commanded the Forward position during the defense of Shipka, wounded. In 1910-1912, by order of M.P. Tolstoy was built in St. Petersburg a huge apartment building, which later became famous, receiving the unofficial but widely known name Tolstoy House (architect F.I. Lidval)
*The following sources were used in this post (quotations from them are in italics):
1)
Andrey Naydenov from the book "Lipetsk Land" (2003)
2)
Fast Vadim Razumov on LiveJournal
3) Materials from Wikipedia (Free Encyclopedia)
Program
The secret life of the famous inhabitants of Prechistensky, and now Gogolevsky Boulevard, and a visit to the luxurious mansion of the Vasilchikovs, whose family descends from the legendary Indris, a native of the Holy Roman Empire. The Tolstoys, Golitsyns, and Razumovskys were related to this Moscow family.
Small The Vasilchikov mansion was erected in “post-fire” Moscow, in the very early XIX century. The owners' son Nikolai Aleksandrovich Vasilchikov was a member of a secret society and his Decembrist friends gathered here. Then the grandson of Generalissimo Suvorov lived here, and the great-granddaughter of Suvorov lived with her husband, Prince S.A. Obolensky rebuilt Vasilchikov’s modest mansion into a very representative mansion. Then the mansion passed to the richest merchant A.V. Alekseev, uncle of the great founder of the Moscow Art Theater Stanislavsky. After them, the family of Nadezhda Filaretovna von Meck lived here. The mansion has been associated with the name of the famous composer P.I. since the time of the Alekseev merchants. Tchaikovsky. Since 1889, his beloved niece lived here. And at the beginning of the 20th century, Lyubov Ivanovna Zimina lived in the mansion.
Since 1956, the mansion with a rich biography has become the Central Chess Club of the USSR (now - Central house chess player named after M.M. Botvinnik)
Many romantic and amazing stories are hidden in the magnificent halls of the amazing palace, which today has found new life, and which you will visit today.
The Vasilchikov-Obolensky estate - von Meck became winner of the Moscow Restoration 2016 competition, and you will be able to admire the fruits of the colossal work. As a result of meticulous restoration, the pre-revolutionary interior of the palace was restored in all its wealth, luxury and splendor, which you can admire for hours!
You will climb the luxurious main staircase with graceful figures of caryatids, visit the antechamber with a large wall panel in the form of a peacock and a magnificent chandelier with cascading crystals, go to the luxurious double-height Great Main Hall, where magnificent balls were held, to which the whole city of Moscow gathered. You will visit the incredible, fabulous Moorish room, this is one of the first rooms in Moscow, designed in the oriental style that has been fashionable since the mid-19th century, several living rooms and a dining room.
The main decoration of the royal mansion is the magnificent, mesmerizing ceilings, with completely recreated stucco molding in the original color scheme! The richness and grace of the ceiling stucco molding amazes and fascinates with its motifs and incredibly skillful artistic execution.
Our acquaintance with the royal mansion of the Vasilchikovs will precede a walk along the former Prechistensky, and now Gogolevsky Boulevard - the most comfortable boulevard in the capital! It is from Gogolevsky Boulevard that the famous Boulevard Ring of Moscow begins; the most famous personalities of Russian history, science, art and literature lived and visited here. And it was on Gogolevsky Boulevard that episodes of their favorite films were filmed - “Moscow Doesn’t Believe in Tears” and “Pokrovsky Gates”.
You will enjoy the subtle beauty of the ancient Church of the Resurrection of the Word and see the house of the main characters of the film “Pokrovsky Gates”, see the luxurious House of the Secretary, decorated with intricate stone ligature, admire the unique “white stone chambers” of the Zamyatin-Tretyakov mansion and the House of the Specific Department, look at the mosaics of the magnificent modern masterpiece “ Luzhkov" period - "Pompeii House" and get acquainted with the unique monuments of Gogolevsky Boulevard.
And during this fascinating walk you will learn:
Why was Gogolevsky Boulevard formerly called Prechistensky
Where does the Chertory flow?
On which monument is its creator depicted?
Where did the route of the famous “Annushka” take place?
Where is the Jerusalem Compound located?
Where is part of the ensemble of the non-existent Palace of Soviets located?
Why did Muscovites call one of the monuments on Gogolevsky Boulevard a “meat processing plant”?
What does a “show house” look like for workers?
From which mansion did architect Ton watch the construction of the main “object” of his life?
In which house did rumors put Vasily Stalin in and where did he actually live?
Place and time of collection
Collection at 14:45, departure at 15:00. Meeting point at the Kropotkinskaya metro station in the center of the hall.
Attention! As of November 18, 2018, collection is at 14:15, departure at 14:30.
Attention! Chess tournaments are often held at the Vasilchikov mansion; therefore, tour dates may be rescheduled. Please be understanding.
When booking, you must indicate the full name of each tourist.
Where did Bulgakov live after “Bad Apartment” or the Vasilchikov Estate on Bolshaya Nikitskaya Street December 14th, 2016
At first, life in Moscow was difficult for Bulgakov, as one of his friends recalled: “It was clear that his life was bad, I could not imagine that he had loved ones. He gave the impression of a terribly lonely man. It was heated in our house, although we ourselves lived poorly then. He was hungry, I gave him tea with saccharin and black bread”...
02.
Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov
In 1921, he went to work at Lito Glavpolitprosvet, worked in newspapers as a chronicler, and later as a feuilletonist in a number of newspapers, and began publishing his first short stories in newspapers and magazines, including “A Note on the Cuffs.” Here he met and worked at Gudok together with Yu. Olesha, V. Kataev, I. Ilf and E. Petrov. At first, his works were difficult to sell; he sold them to the Berlin publishing house “Nakanune”, where they were eagerly published. Bulgakov's works, mainly feuilletons, very quickly attracted the attention of Moscow readers and publishers to the author. He began to be invited to other publications. So he gradually became famous.
03.
Tatyana Lappa, Bulgakov's first wife
At the beginning of 1924, things went well for Bulgakov, and along with the money, women appeared...
...At an evening organized in Moscow by the editors of “Nakanune”, Lyubov Belozerskaya, Bulgakov’s future second wife, met the Master. She noticed his bright yellow shoes and immediately called them “chicken shoes” out loud. At first Bulgakov was offended, but then they were brought together by intimate, frank conversations...
...Mikhail Afanasyevich was writing “The White Guard” at that time. One day he read a passage to Tatyana: it was Elena’s prayer, bringing the dying Alexei back to life. - Well, why are you writing this? After all, Turbines, they are educated people! - You’re just a fool, Tasya!... And Bulgakov dedicated “The White Guard” not to Tatyana, but to his new passion - Lyubov Belozerskaya, although Tatyana, as always, took upon herself all the hardships of this period of writing it. When he came to her with this newly published book to give, Tatyana, seeing the dedication to Belozerskaya, said - Could you dedicate the first book to me too!? “Well, you know, she asked - I couldn’t refuse,” Bulgakov answered. And his book was thrown at the feet of the writer... The Bulgakovs soon divorced... The master then left her an apartment on Bolshaya Sadovaya...
After the revolution and until 1976, school No. 48 was located in the main house of the Vasilchikov estate, the director of which in the 1920s was Nadezhda Zemskaya, Bulgakov’s sister. In the summer of 1924, she sheltered her brother and his second wife Lyubov Belozerskaya after the author of “The Master and Margarita” left the “bad apartment.” Bulgakov lived on the mezzanine. He was not registered in this square.
05.
What’s good about winter photos is that there is no greenery and you can see some details of buildings that are buried in thick green foliage in the summer. In particular, here you can guess where Bulgakov lived - in this mezzanine of the main building of the estate, at that time a school.
06.
The building is currently undergoing reconstruction/restoration. Below will be summer photos 2015 and some old ones - everything will be better visible there)
07.
Belozerskaya wrote in her memoirs about moving here: “Sister M.A. Nadezhda Afanasyevna Zemskaya accepted us into the bosom of her family, and she was the school director and lived on the mezzanine of the former gymnasium building. The result was a “terem-teremok”. Here we also appeared. Fortunately, it was summer, and we were settled in the teacher’s lounge on an oilcloth sofa, from which I rolled off at night, under a portrait of the stern Ushinsky.”
08.
09.
10.
After the divorce, Tatyana moved out of her apartment on Sadovaya and broke off relations with all her old acquaintances. She married the doctor Alexander Kreshkov and went with him to Siberia... Subsequently, Kreshkov continually received criticism about his work, and took his irritation out on his wife. He was jealous of her first husband. He destroyed all the manuscripts, documents, photographs that remained with her from Bulgakov... The war began, Kreshkov went to the front. He returned with another woman...
11.
Soon after the war, Tatyana Nikolaevna was found by David Kiselgoff. Thirty years ago, as a student of the Faculty of Medicine, on occasion entering literary houses, he looked at Bulgakov’s wife with tenderness and admiration, which terribly irritated the unfaithful but jealous Mikhail Afanasyevich. It turns out that he remembered her and loved her. The elderly woman got married for the third time and left for Tuapse.
12.
Eastern wing
In 1970, it was found by researchers of Bulgakov’s work. Tatyana Nikolaevna gave interviews for 15 days in a row, the recording lasted 31 hours. She told her dream - the late Misha came to her and said:
My Margarita is you. Your ability for sacrificial love was passed on to her...
13.
Tatyana Nikolaevna Lappa-Kiselgof
14.
Bolshaya Nikitskaya Street
15.
The main building of the estate was erected at the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th century. It is based on a house that burned down during the Moscow fire of 1812, built in 1781 by Lieutenant Colonel Pyotr Ivanovich Bibikov.
16.
The mansion underwent its first reconstruction in the 1860-1870s, during which the arched mezzanine window was changed, a cast-iron balcony was built, and the main façade was decorated with sparse relief. The main entrance hall and the oval hall with choirs have been preserved unchanged since the construction of the building.
In fact, house 46 is a complex of buildings, in different years united by passages and galleries, as well as two utility buildings. In front of the house there is a small garden - cour d'honneur (French cour d'honneur) with an oak tree, planted, as they say, by Derzhavin himself...
17.
The side wings were built in different times: eastern - approximately in the 80s of the 18th century, western - at the very beginning of the 19th. The appearance of the facades dates back to the time of the first reconstruction of the estate.
18.
Eastern wing
One of the Vasilchikov children was at one time a pupil of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol, and members of the noble family were lucky enough to become the first listeners of the classic’s early works. In later years, living nearby in Moscow, Gogol attended literary evenings in the Vasilchikovs’ salon. Westerners often clashed with Slavophiles in disputes, and Nikolai Vasilyevich himself was a participant in these battles. In the same decade, F.I. visited the Vasilchikovs. Tyutchev, M.S. Shchepkin, I.K. Aivazovsky, S.M. Soloviev, T.N. Granovsky, V.A. Sollogub...
19.
Western wing
20.
Western wing
Two-story galleries with a stone lower and wooden upper floors, were erected in 1834. Their facades with semi-columns of the Doric order are interesting. In 2002, during reconstruction, the original galleries were demolished, and new copies were recreated in their place.
21.
This is what they looked like in the original.
22.
In 1800-1859, the owner of this architectural structure was Prince B.M. Cherkassky, who rented the house in 1845-1855 to the Vasilchikov princes, whose guests were famous personalities of Moscow of that time... In 1881, the estate came into the possession of a banker, commercial adviser, and Jewish public figure Lazar Solomonovich Polyakov. He also used the building as an apartment building. Since 1903, the main house of the estate housed the Kiriena Alelekova girls' gymnasium.
23.
The main house of the Vasilchikov estate
The old photo below clearly shows the same mezzanine where Bulgakov was sheltered.
24.
The central part of the facade of the main house of the Vasilchikov estate.
25.
Bibikovs' estate. Rear facade of the main house. Photo: TsIG Archive
Currently, the Moscow Union of Musicians, as well as numerous other organizations, are located here. The Vasilchikov estate is one of the cultural heritage sites of federal significance.
26.
In 1924, Bulgakov, together with Lyubov Belozerskaya, moved, as they themselves said, to the “dovecote”...
Sources:
News. The estate where Bulgakov lived will be given to the Russian Union of Copyright Holders. 2015.
Elena Pugacheva. Three times three destinies about the wives of Mikhail Bulgakov. 2006. Proza.ru.
Natalia Sudets. Say a word about the poor estate. Portal Strana.ru.
Home page of V.V. Gubanova. Moscow addresses of Bulgakov.
Wikipedia
In March 1822, the property of Colonel A.F. Turchaninova, empty after the fire of 1812, at the corner of Prechistensky (now Gogolevsky) Boulevard and Kolymazhny Lane, was bought by Ekaterina Ivanovna Vasilchikova, a representative of the Old Moscow noble family. She built two mansions along the boulevard - one in classic style, second in Russian. Her son Nikolai, a cadet of the Cavalry Regiment, joined the Decembrists and often received comrades in the secret society in his house. During the uprising itself, he was on vacation in Moscow and did not take part in it. But a few days after the uprising on Senate Square, N.A. Vasilchikov and his friend P.N. Svistunov were arrested in this house.
At the end of the 1830s, E.I. Vasilchikova sold her house to Countess Ekaterina Alexandrovna Zubova. Her husband, Valeryan Nikolaevich, was the great-grandson of the great commander A.V. Suvorov. Ekaterina Alexandrovna’s brother Sergei Alexandrovich Obolensky-Neledinsky-Meletsky lived here with them. In the early 1860s, the mansion was registered in his name. The Zubovs carried out a major restructuring of the property. They connected two houses into a single whole. Between the houses they built a room with a large hall, choirs and a series of living rooms. The living area of the building has doubled, and the decoration of the halls has become much richer. The walls were decorated with tapestries, crystal chandeliers, marble fireplaces appeared, main staircase, rooms with exotic name: Moorish and Persian - one of the early manifestations of historicism in the design of Moscow mansions. Abundant stucco decorated the façade and interiors.
In 1865, the property was bought by the merchant Alexander Vladimirovich Alekseev, the head of the family firm Vladimir Alekseev and Sons, which owned a gold-plating factory in Alekseevskaya Sloboda and wool-washing factories in the south of Russia. After the sale of the family mansion on Bolshaya Alekseevskaya, Alexander and his wife Elizaveta Mikhailovna Bostanjoglo, son Nikolai Alexandrovich (the future famous Moscow mayor) and three daughters, as well as brother Semyon Vladimirovich, moved to live here on Gogolevsky Boulevard. Friends and relatives often gathered in the house, and a nephew, the future great director (Alekseev), visited. Under the Alekseevs, in 1875, the architect built a two-story extension on the courtyard side.
After the death of her husband in 1884, Elizaveta Mikhailovna divided the estate into two parts and sold the house at number 14 to Vladimir Karlovich von Meck, the son of Nadezhda Filaretovna, a close friend of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Unfortunately, after moving to the mansion, Vladimir Karlovich became seriously ill, and in 1891 Nadezhda Filaretovna moved here to help her daughter-in-law and care for her seriously ill son. In 1892, in the arms of his mother and wife, Vladimir Karlovich died.
In February 1895, the von Mecks sold the house, where everything reminded them of the tragic years, to Sofya Stepanovna Falz-Fein and her husband Alexander Ivanovich, the uncle of the creator of the Askania-Nova reserve. His great-nephew, Baron Eduard Aleksandrovich Falz-Fein, would later become famous for devoting his life to returning works of art stolen by the Nazis while in Liechtenstein. In less than three years, Sofya Stepanovna rebuilds the wooden canopy from the yard into stone ones, installs modern ventilation, water heating and electric lighting. But in 1898, the owner unexpectedly dies, and the inconsolable widower sells the mansion to Lyubov Ivanovna Zimina.
Lyubov Ivanovna Zimina (from a wealthy merchant family of owners of the Zuev textile manufactory) soon after purchasing the mansion married Sergei Isidorovich Shibaev, a hereditary honorary citizen, a representative of a prominent Bogorodsk merchant family of Old Believers. This marriage lasted 10 years and was dissolved in 1909.
In 1904, her younger brother Sergei Ivanovich created a private opera, to which he invited Nazar Grigorievich Kapitonov, a tradesman from the city of Lublin who studied opera singing in Warsaw and Italy. Lyubov Ivanovna began a dizzying affair with him, as a result, in 1909 she married her idol and took the name Kapitonov. The couple combined their passion for music with a hobby that was rare at that time, namely, a passion for cars. They had four cars - three cars and one truck, which were parked in a spacious garage. In the main building, an apartment on the first floor, consisting of 12 rooms, was rented to Princess Urusova for 7 thousand rubles a year. Lyubov Ivanovna herself lived on the second floor. Her apartment consisted of 23 rooms - 13 rooms on the second floor and 10 rooms in the mezzanine. Music was constantly playing in their living room, there were opera rehearsals, classes with students - this was the life that Lyubov Ivanovna so strived for. She was not mistaken in her chosen one - he later became the most famous vocal teacher, doctor of art history, professor at the Moscow Conservatory, mentor of the incomparable tenor Sergei Yakovlevich Lemeshev.
Lyubov Ivanovna Zimina owned the house in 1899–1918 and after nationalization lived there in a small apartment.
During Soviet times, the building also changed several owners. Has been here since 1923 Supreme Court RSFSR. At the end of the 1930s - a residential building for political emigrants. After 1945 - a construction organization. Since 1956, the mansion with a rich biography became the Central Chess Club of the USSR (now the Central House of Chess Players of Russia).
During the restoration of 2015-2016, the historical interiors of the front vestibule, the second floor hall, the Great Front Hall, the Chigorinsky and Portrait Halls, and the director’s office were restored. The original color scheme of the interiors has been recreated. The original niches and doorways were revealed, the later ones were blocked. Decorative elements have been restored.
The estate became a laureate of the "Moscow Restoration 2016" competition in the " best project restoration/adaptation."