Even slight dehydration of the body disrupts the normal course of chemical and physical processes and is very dangerous. When the body loses 12% of water, death occurs. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain constant water balance and it is important to drink quality water.
Let's figure out which water is better.
TAP WATER
Tap water is taken from ponds, rivers and lakes that are not protected from the impacts external environment. Such reservoirs are replenished with rainwater (which absorbs almost all the pollutants present in the air). When taken into the city water supply system, such water is filtered and subjected to chlorination. Chlorine has an irritating effect on the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines and suppresses beneficial microflora. To get rid of chlorine, the water should be left in an open container for at least an hour or boiled before use. With this method, only free chlorine will evaporate, while the bound chlorine at the molecular level will remain in the water. Such compounds form very dangerous carcinogens for humans - chloroform.
The A.N. Sysin Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences cites “reliable information is accumulating on the epidemiology of cases of cancer of the bladder, colon and rectum, pancreas and brain associated with the consumption of chlorinated water containing chloroform.” Boiling tap water It only helps get rid of active chlorine, but does not remove chloroform from the water. On the contrary, the content of this carcinogen triples when boiled. And finally, it is unpleasant that after purification, water travels a long way to the consumer through worn-out pipes, absorbing back much of what it was removed from during water treatment.
FILTERS-JUGS, TAP ATTACHMENTS AND CARTRIDGE (CHARCOAL, ETC.) FILTERS FOR TAP WATER
Household filters can improve the condition of tap water, but are not able to completely purify water from all harmful impurities and microorganisms. It is almost impossible to selectively filter out harmful elements while leaving useful ones.
Such filters have one important disadvantage - they do not purify water from microbes and bacteria, because the principle of purification through a filter cartridge can only remove chlorine, pesticides and mechanical suspensions. In addition, the main inconvenience in using filters is related to the difficulty of determining the moment when the filter element has exhausted its service life and needs to be replaced.
The service life of replaceable elements of pitcher filters is approximately the same - on average 150–300 liters of water; after the service life is exhausted, pathogenic microorganisms actively multiply in the filter, turning the water into a dangerous liquid. In a cartridge (charcoal) filter, the principle is the same; if the filter is not replaced, contaminants may be discharged, and this is fraught with serious poisoning.
According to professional experts, on average, the cassette should be changed once a month, maximum once every one and a half months. The faucet attachment is worse than a filter jug, since water passes through it practically without stopping, which means the water is not purified.
DISTILLED WATER AND REVERSE OSMOSIS FILTERS
Recently, household filters based on the principle of reverse osmosis have appeared on sale; these filters are capable of purifying water almost to a distilled state, but along with harmful impurities, they also remove all useful elements. As you know, distilled water is not suitable for regular use.
Natural water always contains micro and macroelements. It has been scientifically proven that distilled water leaches calcium from bones and teeth, can unbalance the functioning of the body, and is not suitable for daily use. For example, astronauts on the ISS, having only distilled water at their disposal, artificially saturate it with useful minerals to preserve their health. The astronauts have no other choice.
Recently, manufacturers of reverse osmosis filters have begun to offer additional flow-through mineralizers for condensing water with calcium and magnesium, but as studies of such water have shown, this is more of a marketing ploy than the truth. Filter sellers are active on the Internet, convincing people to buy their filters, showing electrolysis tricks at home, and supposedly debunking myths about filters. There is only one way out - not to believe the “revelations” and filter the information received.
BOTTLED PURIFIED WATER
If you find the words “purified water from a central water supply” on the label of bottled water, then you should not associate any expectations with it in terms of taste and benefits. Unfortunately, all tents and shops in our country are filled with such water.
This water, like most other similar products on Russian market, poured into bottles directly from the tap. All filtration comes down to purification using the reverse osmosis method, in which liquid under pressure passes through a special semi-impermeable membrane. After such “manipulations”, water, according to its characteristics and taste qualities, becomes similar to a distilled liquid. Then such water is additionally conditioned - useful elements are artificially added, which were filtered out during the purification process along with harmful suspensions.
ARTESIAN NATURAL DRINKING WATER
Artesian water lies in pre-anthropogenic (untouched by humanity) sediments at a depth of 100-500 m, forming underground sea basins.
This water rained on the earth hundreds, and maybe thousands of years ago, then it underwent long-term natural filtration, sinking to the depth of its occurrence.
Such water does not require additional purification, since it is reliably protected from external pollution. Artesian “living” water is ideal for daily raw consumption and cooking. It contains all the minerals and trace elements necessary for life. However, there are some nuances here: the best natural drinking water is obtained in the territories of natural reserves.
For example, natural drinking water "Stelmas" is extracted and produced in an ecologically clean area, from a natural source located in the Aleksinsky district of the Tula region, far from industrial enterprises, from an artesian well at a depth of 135 meters. There are many on the product website interesting information, you can see where the plant and well should be located, what should not be in the vicinity of the well, and how water should be bottled to produce the highest quality product.
All more people Lately, people have been using bottled water for drinking and cooking. The reason is that in some regions the quality of tap water leaves much to be desired, and in others people are worried about the dangers of chlorine and possible impurities. Bottled water is now widely available – it is supplied to Russian shelves by about 700 manufacturers.
However, such significant diversity also poses problems. The risk of purchasing a counterfeit or low-quality product increases.
Rating of drinking bottled water: how to understand
Before analyzing the offers of different manufacturers, it is necessary to understand that there are three main types of bottles sold drinking water: simple purified, natural mineral and artificial.
Purified water made easy fresh water. Free from all harmful impurities. It is used for regular use and cooking. Mineral water is divided into table water, medicinal-table water and medicinal water.
Medicinal water is not intended for regular drinking. It is used as prescribed by a doctor in limited quantities. Its most famous species in Russia are “Lysogorskaya” and “Essentuki-17”.
Medicinal table water differs from medicinal water in having a lower concentration of minerals. The most famous brands are of Georgian origin: “Narzan”, “Borjomi”, “Essentuki-4”. But it is also better not to abuse these waters.
Table mineral water can be drunk regularly, since the concentration of salts in it is very low. Its most famous brands are “Sarova” and “Silver Dew”.
Many companies produce simple purified water. The most common are “Holy Spring”, “Bon Aqua”, “Aqua Minerale”.
Within each group, you can also create a rating of bottled water.
Best bottled drinking water: ranking
Among all producers of medicinal table mineral and purified waters, Georgian ones are now leading. However, domestic companies also occupy a worthy place there.
- "Holy Spring"
- "Borjomi"
- "Narzan"
- "Santalovsky source"
- "Bon Aqua".
However, not all manufacturers not included in this top five are untrustworthy. The following companies are in the middle of the bottled water rating:
- GG&MW Co. N.V (from Borjomi);
- Nestle Waters (from Holy Spring);
- "Kavminvody".
- JSC NPO "ULANSKAYA"
There are also the last ones on the list, which should hardly be preferred by those who really care about their health:
- Biba company;
- Ulanskaya water
- "Mercury";
- "Avka";
- "Raifa Spring".
Fake bottled water rating
It is clear that dishonest manufacturers who have nothing to do with respectable companies often try to get close to the leaders. You can spot a fake if you shop carefully.
A sloppy bottle and label should raise suspicions. Reputable companies that hold first places in the ranking of drinking bottled water care about aesthetics.
You should also study the information on the label. If there is very little of it, this is a reason for suspicion, especially when it comes to mineral water.
Finally, it is better to buy water in large shopping centers. They make purchases in large quantities and deal only with trusted sellers.
Sometimes you can contact a laboratory for quality control.
If you use the available information about the rating of bottled water and follow simple rules protection against counterfeiting, you don’t have to worry that water will cause harm.
What could be safer than drinking water? It definitely won’t cause any harm to your health, many are sure. Alas, it's not that simple.
Experts from the Roskontrol association tested 12 popular brands of bottled water and found out which of them did not meet the standards.
Dirt under the lid
The Rostest-Moscow laboratory found that 5 out of 12 bottles of water submitted for examination could cause health problems. Thus, in the Russian water “Simply ABC” the number of microbes exceeded the permissible norm by 70 (!) times, and in the Armenian “Aparan” - by 3.5 times. This means that the liquid may contain bacteria that cause intestinal infections. In addition, in a bottle from Armenia they found 2 times more nitrates (salts of nitric acid, harmful to the human body) than SanPiN allows. And in premium water from France, the total amount of nitrates and nitrites (nitrate derivatives) exceeded the threshold by 40 times.“Most likely, nitrates got into the source from which the water was taken, along with wastewater- perhaps there were industrial enterprises nearby, sewage treatment plants, collective farms or farms,” explained Irina Konokhova, leading expert of NP Roskontrol, to AiF.
Before pouring water - as taken from natural sources, and from the water supply - into bottles, it must be cleaned. But, as you can see, not everyone can do this efficiently.
In addition, too pure water is also unhealthy. “Modern purification technologies (especially reverse osmosis) make it possible to obtain almost sterile water,” says Rufina Mikhailova, head of the laboratory of drinking water supply hygiene and sanitary protection reservoirs Research Institute of Human Ecology and Hygiene environment named after A. N. Sysin. “But, unfortunately, in this case the water is deprived of both harmful and beneficial substances, approaching in its qualities distilled water.”
No taste or benefit
This is exactly what happened with some of the specimens that participated in the examination. Useful calcium and magnesium were almost absent in “Shishkiny Les” and “Aqua Minerale”. Fluoride, necessary for bone strength and caries prevention, was missing not only in the budget waters “Holy Source”, “Lipetsk Pump Room”, etc., but even in expensive bottles.And in the Shishkin Les water, among other things, the content of bicarbonates turned out to be exceeded. “You should not drink this water if you have kidney disease or decreased secretion of gastric juice,” explained I. Konokhova. She explained to AiF why water with an unbalanced mineral composition: Of course, you won’t get poisoned with it, like a liquid with a lot of microbes, but drinking such water increases your susceptibility to various diseases. And the body’s reaction to an imbalance is always the same: it removes excess elements along with water and the necessary salts. Therefore choose better water, balanced in mineral content. You can evaluate this yourself by looking at our table.
| Drinking water research results | |||||
| brand of water, country origin | Type of water | Pathogenic microbes, nitrates/ nitrites | Calcium. Useful values* - 25-130 mg/l | Magnesium. Useful values* - 5-65 mg/l | Fluorine. Useful values* - 0.5-1.5 mg/l |
| "Evian" France | mineral | No | 87,2 | 23,1 | <0,1 |
| Vittel France | mineral | No | 84,9 | 16,3 | 0,1 |
| “Lipetsk pump-room”, Russia | first category drinking water | No | 25 | 5 | <0,1 |
| Nestle Pure Life, Russia | first category drinking water | No | 27,5 | 5,1 | 0,3 |
| "Bon Aqua" Russia | first category drinking water | No | 22,6 | 19,1 | <0,1 |
| "Holy Spring", Russia | first category drinking water | No | 32,9 | 8,4 | <0,1 |
| Aqua Minerale, Russia | first category drinking water | No | <1 | <1 | 0,7 |
| "D (Dixie)", Russia | first category drinking water | No | 52,8 | 14,8 | 0,7 |
| "Shishkin Forest", Russia | first category drinking water | No | <1 | <1 | 0,4 |
| “Just ABC”, Russia | first category drinking water | The microbial content is 70 times higher than permissible | 20,8 | 16,3 | 0,1 |
| "Aparan" Armenia | first category drinking water | For nitrates and microbes does not correspond to the highest category | 25,6 | 5,1 | 0,6 |
| "Cristaline" France | drinking water of the highest category | The nitrite content does not correspond to the highest category | 122
| 3,9
(does not correspond to the highest category) | 0,8 |
* Useful values according to SanPiN “Drinking water”. They are not provided for mineral water.
The data applies only to samples provided for examination. According to the protocols of the Rostest-Moscow laboratory
There are a lot of different mineral waters in our world, each of which is endowed with its own unique feature. All of them can be different in mineral composition, and also treat different diseases. And today, we want to tell you about the ten best mineral waters in the world and Russia. You will learn which water is better to buy and how to distinguish a fake from the original.
Before ending up in a container, this mineral water goes through a complex and thorny path 400 km long through the rocks of Nepal. Discovered in 1997, the source is essentially a gift from ancient glaciers, whose melt water formed the basis of this variety. Enriched with an impressive amount of trace elements and minerals, thanks to its long underground journey, this life-giving moisture is extremely beneficial for health and strengthening human immunity. This can be verified by taking into account the fact that the monks of Tibet use this water exclusively, considering it the most suitable for all living things.
This type of mineral water is perhaps the most unique on the planet, since this water is nothing more than the rain that irrigates the lands of Tasmania. At first, these are just clouds making a celestial voyage of 16 thousand km in order to descend to the ground in the form of precipitation, where specially designed containers await them for collecting liquid. The main highlight is that water is collected in an area that, according to the meteorological organization, has the cleanest air on Earth. Manufacturers claim that this water is cleaner than mine water, because water in the ground also has non-zero pollution. Water is bottled in environmentally friendly containers, including a minimum of impurities in its composition. The average price per bottle is $4.
This type of water is considered one of the most popular in the world. Ask show business and movie stars what they drink and you will hear the name "Voss". This water is also served in luxury five-star hotels. In many ways, water gained its fame thanks to its chemical composition and the fact that it is a champion in terms of minimal salt content. That is why it is so soft and beloved in dozens of countries. The source of the water base is located in the southern part of Norway, from where the mineral queen disperses throughout the world. The unit price of a bottle ranges from an average of $8.00.
Already from the name you can understand that the homeland of this water is the island of Fiji, in particular, the Ugara Valley of Viti Levu. Manufacturers carefully ensure that water does not come into contact with air, just as it existed in natural conditions under the remains of an ancient volcanic crater, tightly closed on all sides. The first contact of water with air occurs only after opening the lid. Fiji mineral water was chosen by many stars and politicians, including Paris Hilton, Nicole Kidman and US President Barack Obama. It is very useful for people with dermatological problems, as it boasts a high presence of fluoride, silicon and calcium, which, in addition to skin and nails, also have a great effect on hair.
This water is a real record holder among mineral waters for oxygen content. There is 35 times more of it here than in any other water. Thanks to this, it works very well if consumed, for example, after hard physical work or after active exercise in the gym. This “breathing” water came from the north-west of Europe, the city of Tilburg in the Netherlands. Some time ago, in addition to two standard options - with and without gas, a new one appeared on the shelves - with the aroma of elderberry and lychee flowers. The water is bottled in interesting 0.33l ball bottles, and its price ranges from 2 euros.
The full name of this water is "Cape Karoo Natural Mineral Water", and its source is located in the savannah of South Africa. In order to fully guarantee the quality of the product, before going on sale, manufacturers subject the water to a very detailed examination in a number of independent laboratories, thereby once again confirming its health benefits. The water contains a very small amount of nitrate compounds and a neutral pH level, which makes it possible not only to consume it internally, but also to use it for cosmetic purposes.
A characteristic feature of this mineral water is the complete absence of carbon at all stages of its production. The variety dates back to 2003, and the country that gave this water to the world is Iceland. Manufacturers report that their product is the basis of waterfalls and glaciers, which is true. A volcanic eruption that happened many centuries ago caused the formation of a drainage basin called Olfus, from where this water comes, which tastes like a piece of ice. The shape of the bottle in the form of a volcano is also interesting, by which you can immediately identify the variety.
The famous brand of medicinal table water, which arose back in the 30s of the 19th century in Georgia. To this day, mineral water of this brand is the main drink of a huge number of people who drink it both for preventive and medicinal purposes. "Borjomi" is recommended for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and digestive organs. Its composition of mineral substances has remained to this day the same as it was at the time of the discovery of the first spring, of which there are now 9, located within the Borjomi Nature Reserve.
As paradoxical as it sounds, “Kona Deep” is sea water. It is extracted not from natural springs or from artificially created wells, but directly from the ocean very close to Hawaii. Research there has been carried out for more than 30 years and has revealed that, while preserving minerals and beneficial properties, at a depth of 2-3 km, the water is purified from a number of pathogenic microorganisms and other unfavorable factors. It is recommended to drink this desalinated and commercially available water during active training or during the hot season. If it seems too salty, then you can add ordinary water to it. Its price is usually a little less than 2 dollars.
The birthplace of this water is several natural springs near the French city of Evian-les-Bains, which is located on the shores of Lake Geneva. The history of water begins at the end of the 18th century, when it helped the noble Marquis Lessert in the treatment of kidneys and liver. Almost 200 years later, water has gained worldwide fame, and now, despite its comparative high cost, it is very popular on all continents. Its benefits are not limited to the liver and kidneys, but extend to the entire gastrointestinal tract. Due to its mineral balance, it is very useful for pregnant women and children. Its quality is confirmed by the fact that the water is not artificially purified, but when bottled at the source, it retains its authentic taste and purity.
The best mineral water in Russia
All these waters are considered elite, some of them you will not find in Russia, and their prices are simply outrageous. Remember that high price does not always mean quality, as a rule it is the fault of excessive marketing. But don’t be upset, we can also find good mineral water, which in its composition can compete with the leaders in the rating. Here are several high-quality, not very expensive and healthy mineral waters that can be found on the shelves in Russia:
- Narzan
- Slavyanovskaya
- Essentuki
- Arkhyz
How to spot a fake
The main problem is that mineral water is very easy to counterfeit, while the costs are minimal - tap water, soda, salt and iodine. And the worst thing is that about 3/4 of the water on the Russian market (70%) is fake. There have been cases when police departments discovered tens of thousands of counterfeit bottles of water. In large supermarkets, the percentage of counterfeits is much lower; there you can ask for a quality certificate, but even this does not give a 100% guarantee.
According to the State Trade Inspectorate, the most frequently adulterated waters are: Borjomi, Narzan, Holy Spring, Bon Aqua, Essentuki. And this is not surprising, because they are all considered market leaders and are in great demand. Almost every one of these manufacturers can be found in all stores in Russia and the CIS countries, some of them do not even produce nearly as much water. Now we will give you some useful recommendations that will help protect you from counterfeiting.
- Look at the price. Making fake water is not very expensive, which is why the price of such water can be significantly lower, and this is the very first sign of a fake. Sellers of kiosks and stalls buy water at small wholesale markets, where there are most fakes, where the price of fake water is 15-20% lower than the original. Be sure to look at the price, if it is lower than the market average, then it is better not to buy this water.
- Look at the manufacturing date and container of the bottle. As a rule, original mineral water does not stay in warehouses for a long time, and if you get a bottle with a manufacturing date more than six months ago, it is better to refrain from purchasing it. If the water container is made of glass, this is a significant plus; such water is more difficult and more expensive to counterfeit, and on its bottle and lid, as a rule, there are various embossings.
- Look at the quality of the bottle and label.
More and more people associate their health with drinking water, realizing that it dissolves and carries nutrition to the cells, and then flushes out toxins. Therefore, interest in healthy, healing and environmentally friendly bottled water is growing every day. But do you think when buying water in a store where it is obtained and from what source it comes?
In Russia, water is allowed to be bottled from the following sources: water supply, open sources (rivers and lakes), and from artesian wells.
Plumbing
Open
sources
Artesian
well
Information about where it was bottled is on the label.
Let's consider which waters are spilled from which sources.
1. Purified water from central water supply systems (BonAqua, Aqua Minerale).
Some large producers use central water supplies to produce their water.
Why do they do this?
Extraction of artesian waters is very costly event. It is not enough to drill a well in the right place and pump water from it. You need at least a year of design work to obtain a production license and use one well AND it must have a sufficient amount of water.
In the case of large producers, dozens of such wells are needed, since it is impossible to produce unlimited volumes of water from one well. Typically, a subsoil use license specifies the maximum possible daily water withdrawal from a well.
The federal license allows you to sample about 500 m³ water per day and this is clearly not enough for large water producers. Moreover, one well, in accordance with the law, must be located in an environmental zone with a radius of up to 2 kilometers. For 10 wells the environmental protection zone will be larger 20 km, which is impossible to implement within, for example, the Moscow region, where there is dense urban development and many settlements. And the land will cost tens of millions of dollars.
In the video you can see what requirements must be met in order to bottle water from a well.
Therefore, many large enterprises bottle water from central water supply sources, that is, from water supply Of course, before getting into the bottle this water goes through several degrees of purification, as a result of which we receive sterilized water, safe from the point of view of the requirements of standards and laws, but of little benefit to the body.
To give such water a taste and at least some benefit, it is artificially added mineral powders and other complex additives, which are produced by special enterprises. 90% of additives in Russia are sold under the Severyanka brand, which contain a complex of minerals - calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate and other elements.
Mineral additives produced under the Severyanka brand are intended to increase the physiological value of drinking water by enriching it with vital macro- and microelements, for water that has been completely purified from bacteria and impurities contained in the original low-quality water, water from open sources or central water supply.
On the labels of such waters you can find a direct indication of the source of the water, often it is designated as “purified conditioned drinking water from the central water supply.”
One of the striking examples of such waters is brand "BonAqua" owned by the Coca-Cola HBC Eurasia group of companies. It is also known that "Aqua Minerale" owned by the American company PepsiCo, Inc., is also bottled from tap water, although recently PepsiCo has been taking a number of steps to improve its water and some bottles already indicate bottling wells.
2. Water from open bodies of water (lakes, springs, rivers...). BAIKAL, Legend of Baikal
Water from open sources, just like tap water, requires a certain degree of filtration. The law does not prohibit spilling water from lakes, reservoirs and rivers. Everyone knows that open water bodies are inhabited by plants, fish and, of course, bacteria, and organic matter is present in much greater quantities than in tap water.
The largest amount of water from open sources sold in Russia is bottled from freshwater lake Baikal, which has always been considered the cleanest open reservoir in Russia. But everything does not stand still, and recent water studies have shown that the ecosystem Lake Baikal has been undergoing a serious environmental crisis since 2011.
According to the latest published “monitoring of the sanitary and microbiological state of the pelagic zone of Lake Baikal and the mouths of large rivers flowing into it from 2010 to 2018.” In the waters of the lake, filamentous algae Spirogyra developed in large quantities, the concentrations of nutrients increased, which led to an increase in the time of preservation of intestinal bacteria in the water.
It is believed that one of the reasons is an increase in anthropogenic load. As a result of the monitoring of sanitary and microbiological indicators, it was revealed that poor-quality wastewater treatment in old and collapsing wastewater treatment plants of large coastal settlements, mass construction of tourist centers and hotels, which, as a rule, are not provided with a centralized system for treating fecal wastewater, massive discharge of fecal and subsoil waters from numerous ships lead to intense pollution of the lake.
Of course, water from open sources must undergo either complete purification and sterilization to eliminate the presence of microbes and pathogenic microorganisms in the water, or partial purification at the peril and risk of the individual manufacturer.
In the latter case, the natural mineral composition of the water is preserved, it contains more oxygen and also saved natural pH level up to 7.5 units, but microbiological indicators cannot be stable and require constant and expensive quality monitoring from the manufacturer.
3. Mineral water from artesian wells
Drinking and mineral water obtained directly from high-quality natural sources - artesian wells, without the use of complete purification and filtration methods that change its natural chemical composition. Of course, provided that the mineral composition of artesian water initially meets the requirements established for drinking water.
Under certain conditions, namely:
Artesian water can be bottled without filtration directly from the source. This water will be called "mineral". For mineral waters by law the use of reverse osmosis filtration systems and other filtration methods is prohibited, suggesting a change in the mineral composition of the source water.
Simply put, this is natural water that does not undergo purification and is bottled directly from a well.
Thus, it preserves all useful micro- and macroelements in the most digestible ionic state for humans.
And finding the source at a sufficient depth protects the water from the external environment. For this reason, its cleaning is not required; the output is living and healthy water for the body.
Professor J. Davis (Switzerland) over 30 years of study has established that water becomes artesian hundreds and thousands of years after it rains, absorbs the energy of the earth, dissolves and activates vital chemical elements that most quickly help us restore health and prevent diseases .
Artesian activated water
From a brief description of the features of each source for drinking water, it became clear that the most preferable are waters from artesian wells because of their undeniable benefits for human health. But what if you found the perfect artesian water and made bottled water even more effective and healthier.
By studying water, people have established that water sees, hears, stores and transmits information, and they have learned to activate and saturate artesian water with energy, making it close to the water that works in the body. It quickly dissolves and delivers nutrients, as well as oxygen, through the walls of capillaries to cells, and after processing and obtaining energy, it flushes CO2 and waste from the intercellular space. Such water has energy and capabilities many times greater than in the original artesian water.
What is active water
Active or energy-saturated water is water that is capable of performing certain work in our body:
Active waters transfer energy very quickly, in waves, like an avalanche, and the body’s functioning improves within a few minutes.
Water is active with the following characteristics:
In 2018 at Moscow State University. Lomonosov, studies were carried out to measure activity with several types of water obtained from different sources.
The study was aimed at determining the activity, electrical conductivity, pH changes and oxygen content in the following drinking (mineral) waters:
“Aqua Minerale”, “Bon-Aqua”, “Svetla”, “Bio-Vita”, “Baikal Pearl”, “Evian”.
Bottles of all waters were opened on September 11, 2018 and were poured into 150 ml glass glasses. The glasses were covered with filter paper, and the waters were kept in contact with air at room temperature in a shaded room.
Measurements of water activity using the “reagent” method (luminol + Fe(II)) were carried out immediately after pouring water into glasses, and over the next 7 days.
Rice. 1. 09.11.18 (0 day of measurement) Chl of water: (1) Bonaqua, (2) AquaMineral, (3) Svetla, (4) Biovita, (5) Baikal Pearl, (6) Evian. Reagent (undiluted).
In Figure 1 primary data on the activity of the tested waters, obtained no more than 1 hour after opening the bottles of water, are presented.
The graph shows that 3 waters - Bon-Aqua, Aqua Minerale, Baikal Pearl - have extremely low activity, while She confidently registers the other 3.
Rice. 2. Water activity measured with undiluted reagent on 09/12/18 (1 day of incubation). The presented average values are for 3 parallel measurements for each water.
Rice. 2 and 3 experimental data.
Data on Rice. 2 indicate that after just 2 days of incubation of waters in air, the activity of 3 out of 6 waters increased sharply. It should be noted that activity the waters of Bon Aqua and Aqua Mineral almost did not increase in 6 days their incubation in contact with air. The activity of these waters was 40 pulses/sec on September 11 and 80 and 170 pulses/sec on September 17 .
Rice. 3 (A). Change in water activity, from 09/12/18 (1 day of incubation in air) to 09/17/18. (6 days of incubation in air). The reagent diluted 100 times was used. The average values for 3 parallel measurements for each water are presented.
The activity of all other waters increased during their incubation, although in different ways, as can be seen from the data presented in Fig. Rice. 2 and 3 experimental data.
Data on Rice. 2 indicate that after just 2 days of incubation of waters in air, the activity of 3 out of 6 waters increased sharply. It should be noted that the activity of Bon Aqua and Aqua Minerale waters almost did not increase during 6 days of incubation in contact with air. The activity of these waters was 40 pulses/sec on September 11 and 80 and 170 pulses/sec on September 17.
Rice. 3 (B). The same results presented in the form of curves of changes in water activity during their incubation
Long-term monitoring of changes in water activity (Figure 3 A and B) showed that of all the waters, Svetla water stands out the most in terms of activity and the preservation of its activity during incubation, followed by Biovita. In the first days, the activity of Evian water is high, but after 3 days of incubation it decreases significantly. The lowest activity among these waters is the Baikal Pearl water. Water Bon-Aqua and Aqua Minerale showed no activity when using a reagent diluted 100 times.*