State regional budget professional educational institution

"Lipetsk College of Municipal Economy and Industrial Technologies"

Methodological development lesson

« Ah, Nevsky... Almighty Nevsky Prospect" (based on N.V. Gogol's story "Nevsky Prospect""

for older age group

Lipetsk, 2017

Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….3

Technological map lesson……………………………………………………………..4

Lesson structure………………………………………………………...6

List of references………………………………………………………14

Appendix A. Drawing by D.N. Kardovsky “Nevsky Prospekt”……..15

Appendix B. Drawing by D. N. Kardovsky. Dreams of the artist Piskarev………………………………………………………………16

INTRODUCTION

A lesson in the academic discipline “Russian Language and Literature” is conducted for groups AM-1-16, AM-2-16, Housing and Communal Services-16.

Level of education: basic general education.

IN work program The theme “Ah, Nevsky...Almighty Nevsky Prospect” (based on the story “Nevsky Prospect” by N.V. Gogol” is included in section 1 academic discipline"Russian language and literature". In this topic, students’ knowledge about the main stages of N.V. Gogol’s work is studied and systematized.

The development of literature lessons for the study of N.V. Gogol’s work involves getting to know the writer’s artistic world through a review of “Petersburg Tales”. The content of this lesson is based on work with the textbook article and on the independent work of students to familiarize themselves with and comprehend the plots of stories from the point of view of the idea of the collision of dreams and reality as one of the foundations of the writer’s artistic world.

Objects of development in this topic are:

– development of speech culture, abstract and logical thinking, long-term memory and sustained attention.

The main educational objective of the topic is fostering a culture of behavior during individual and front-line work,development of independent work skills,formation of positive motivation.

By creating a problem situation, the teacher encourages students to actively perceive the material, to a deeper understanding of the acquired knowledge and its systematization.

In the collection of works “Petersburg Tales”, special attention should be paid to the story “Nevsky Prospekt”, which will become the reference text for this lesson.

Lesson duration – 45 minutes.

Technological lesson map

Lesson goals (objectives)

educational:

reveal the ideological concept of the story, show the tragedy of man; to find out the essence of the opposition between the artist Piskarev and Lieutenant Pirogov, to reveal the ideological and semantic meaning story, show a figurative conflict, a clash of dreams and reality, identify the basic techniques for creating characters’ characters; trace how N.V. Gogol reveals universal human problems in the story;

developing:

Forming the ability to read, think about the text, find key words, and draw conclusions. Development of analytical skills of students when working with literary text, to form a speech culture.

educational : education of moral qualities, to promote the formation of civic qualities of students by introducing them to reading and understanding Russian classics

- Regulatory UUD: the ability to determine and formulate the purpose and topic of the lesson with the help of the teacher;

pronounce the sequence of actions in the lesson;

- Communicative UUD: the ability to express one’s thoughts orally, listen and understand others, and treat them with respect.

- Cognitive: the ability to navigate your knowledge system: distinguish new from already known with the help of a teacher;

gain new knowledge: find answers to questions posed with the help of educational literature, using your life experience and knowledge gained in the classroom.

Lesson Results

Subject

Be able to analyze prose text fiction

Metasubject

Be able to determine and formulate the purpose and topic of the lesson with the help of the teacher;

pronounce the sequence of actions in the lesson; express your thoughts (Regulatory UUD).

Be able to express your thoughts orally, listen and understand others, treat them with respect (Communicative UUD).

Personal

Be able to Conduct self-assessment based on the criterion of success of educational activities.

Type of lesson, pedagogical technology

Learning new material;

By sources of knowledge: verbal, visual;

According to the degree of teacher-student interaction: heuristic conversation;

Lesson equipment

Multimedia complex, board, illustrations to the work of N.V. Gogol, portrait of the writer, video fragment “The Gogol Bird” by N.L. Parfenov, audiobook by N.V. Gogol "Nevsky Prospekt", textbook, a series of drawings by D. Kardovsky (1904), L. Podlyasskaya (1951), dedicated to “Nevsky Prospekt”, watercolors by V. Serov (1951)

Basic concepts, terms

Gogol's satire

New concepts: Phantasmagoria

Control, self-control in the lesson

Frontal, individual and independent work,

Homework

Lesson progress

Epigraph on the board. Everything is a deception, everything is a dream, Everything is not what it seems.”V. G. Belinsky

Visual control of the readiness of the office and workplace for class. Perhaps they remember the writer’s works that they read earlier: “Evenings on a farm near Dikanka”, “Taras Bulba”, “Viy”, etc.

2. Updating basic knowledge.

Opening remarks teacher. The basis of “Nevsky Prospekt,” as well as the entire “Petersburg Tales” cycle, was formed by the impressions of Gogol’s St. Petersburg life. St. Petersburg as a symbol of the power of Russia and its unfading glory was sung by poets of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century. Interest in the topic of St. Petersburg began to develop from the very foundation of the city. For centuries, St. Petersburg has been the center of lively interaction between Russia and Europe and the whole world.

Reading an excerpt from the story dedicated to the description of St. Petersburg. History of the cycle “Petersburg Tales”. (The stories were written in different times, were not initially planned by the author as a cycle of stories, but the image of St. Petersburg, the commonality of the main characters of the stories, the author’s position made it possible to combine all the works into one cycle). The plot and the idea of the collision of dreams and reality in the stories “The Nose” and “Nevsky Prospekt”

3. Formulating the lesson topic . Setting a goal, a problematic issue

Today in class we have to

characterize each character, compare the characters, life values of the artist Piskarev and Lieutenant Pirogov,

name the details with whichthe author creates characters,

based on a comparison of characters, reveal the ideological meaning of the story “Nevsky Prospekt”.

Stage 1.

Questions for students: Does Gogol give a portrait of the heroes?

What is the portrait replaced with?

The teacher corrects and helps to structure the goals and objectives proposed by students.

N.V. Gogol was not the discoverer of the St. Petersburg theme. As a symbol of the power of Russia, it was sung by poets of the 18th and first half of the 19th centuries. Pushkin portrayed St. Petersburg in the novel “Eugene Onegin” and in the poem “The Bronze Horseman” as a city of Russian glory and at the same time a city of social contrasts.

Write down the date and topic in your notebook.

A story by a specially trained student about the creative history of “Petersburg Tales”.

“Petersburg Tales” is a conditional term; Gogol himself did not give them such a name. Nevertheless, it is true, accurate and justified, firstly, by the fact that the image of St. Petersburg, which is the hero of the cycle, runs through the story; secondly, by the fact that almost all the stories were conceived and written in St. Petersburg. In addition, in the third volume of his works, Gogol himself brought together these stories, written at different times over 10 years (1831-1842). The stories “Nevsky Prospekt”, “Portrait”, “Notes of a Madman” were first published in the collection “Arabesques” in 1835. By construction, they represent a series of plot-related paintings, and each of their stories depicts one or more aspects of life in St. Petersburg in the 30s.

4. Analytical conversation

Questions and tasks for conversation

Image of Piskarev

1. Follow and tell how Piskarev’s romantic illusions collapse ( brief retelling history of Piskarev).

2. What is the semantic role of Piskarev’s dream?

3. What is the tragic meaning of Piskarev’s story? Why does the author lead him to commit suicide?

Image of Pirogov

1. Tell the story of Lieutenant Pirogov.

2. What is its compositional role in the story?

Why did N.V. Gogol become disillusioned with this city, but still dedicated an entire cycle of “Petersburg Tales” to it?

Maybe Nevsky Prospekt will answer this question for us? .

(Watching an excerpt from Leonid Parfenov’s documentary about Nevsky Prospekt)

And now before us, as Leonid Parfenov said, Nevsky Prospekt is “the universal communication of St. Petersburg.” At the beginning of the story of the same name, the life of this main street of the main city is shown at any time of the day. The picture is full of movement, but each face and the different “circles and circles” have their own movement in their own hours; everyone is united only by a place - Nevsky Prospekt. Here, too, “everything is rushing,” but in a different way than at the Sorochinskaya fair.

View illustrations

The class is divided in advance into 3 groups, which complete the following tasks for the lesson:

First group proves the idea that St. Petersburg with its Nevsky Prospect is a city in which “everything is a deception, everything is a dream, everything is not what it seems.” Reading the text, he explains the meaning of phrases and individual words (“mercantile interest”, “universal communication”, “Phantasmagoria”, etc.), prepares an expressive reading of passages in which the duality of Nevsky Prospect is exposed, conventionally called: “Almighty Nevsky Prospect!” (from the words: “There is nothing better than Nevsky Prospect...” to the words: “How many changes it will endure in one day”), “The main exhibition of all the best works of man” (from the words: “Everything you see on Nevsky Prospect, everything full of decency” to the words: “...the exhibition ends, the crowd thins out...”; “Everything is a deception, everything is a dream, everything is not what it seems” (with the words: “How strange, how incomprehensibly our fate plays with us!” to the end of the story) .

Second group is preparing a story about the tragedy of the artist Piskarev. The focus is on the following problems: Piskarev’s belonging to the “exclusive class” - “the artist of St. Petersburg”; its main qualities; attitude towards your work; his love for beauty; painful experiences associated with the contradiction between ideal and reality. Students answer the questions: How does Piskarev’s fate touch the reader? How does the author relate to Russian reality? One student is preparing a retelling of Piskarev’s dream (from the words “Imbued with tearing pity, he sat in front of a burnt candle...” to the words “God, what a dream!”). It is proposed to talk in more detail about the “crowded hall” and the one who is “most brilliantly dressed.”

Third group talks about the funny and funny and shameful story of Pirogov, thinking through the following range of questions: the society to which Lieutenant Pirogov belongs; “many talents” of the lieutenant; Pirogov’s “bold enterprise”; the lieutenant’s behavior in a decisive test of his honor, pride, and high self-image.

5. Discussion of the ideological meaning of the work.

What time is Nevsky Prospekt shown?

At the end of the story, Gogol again returns to the conversation about Nevsky Prospect. Why did the author do this?

The teacher emphasizes the main contradiction of St. Petersburg - between appearance and the true essence of the city - through the image of Nevsky Prospekt.

What words at the end of the story express the idea of the work?

Reading the passage “Nevsky Prospekt”

Student answers:

The images of Pirogov and Piskarev are associated with opposite moral principles in the characters' characters. The comic image of Pirogov is contrasted with the tragic image of Piskarev.

Features of the image of St. Petersburg in Gogol’s stories:

serious social stratification, disunity;

a person is a cog in the bureaucratic system;

the human personality is of no interest to anyone, the city is filled with a faceless crowd;

a person is not visible behind his “attributes”: orders, expensive dresses; prestige is important;

everyone is interested only in themselves, indifference to others, rejection of another person - a living soul created by God;

vanity;

secular meaningless conversations, gossip, while no one hears or listens to anyone; vulgarity and emptiness;

depravity;

illusory.

6. Work on prepared homework.

Teacher: Let's look at the story of Piskarev. - What is the ideal for Piskarev?

What struck him about the appearance of the stranger he met on the avenue?

Who exactly was this girl?

Why is this so painful for Piskarev, why does he refuse to believe it?

What is the role of Piskarev’s dreams in the story - Why does Piskarev commit suicide? meaningless).

How do you feel about Piskarev?

What society does Pirogov belong to? Where can you often find him?

(About Lieutenant Pirogov, the author says that officers like him constitute “some kind of middle class society,” thereby emphasizing the typicality of the hero. Talking about these officers, the author, of course, characterizes Pirogov.

In their circle they are considered educated people, because they know how to entertain women, they like to talk about literature: “they praise Bulgarin, Pushkin and Grech and speak with contempt and witty barbs about A.A. Orlov,” that is, they put Pushkin and Bulgarin on a par, the author ironically notes. They go to the theater to show themselves. Their life goal is to “earn the rank of colonel” and achieve a wealthy position. They usually “marry a merchant’s daughter who can play the piano, with a hundred thousand or so in cash and a bunch of big-haired relatives.”

Characterizing Pirogov, the author talks about his talents, in fact, reveals such of his traits as careerism, narrow-mindedness, arrogance, self-confident vulgarity, and the desire to imitate what is in fashion among a select public.

For Pirogov, love is just an interesting adventure, an “affair” that you can brag about to your friends. The lieutenant, not at all embarrassed, rather vulgarly looks after the wife of the artisan Schiller and is sure that “his courtesy and brilliant rank give him full right to her attention.” He does not bother himself at all with thoughts about life's problems, he strives for pleasure.

Gogol returns again to Nevsky Prospect to tear off its beautiful covers and express all his hatred for the capitalist city with its corruption and indifference to everything beautiful and human. This angry monologue of the author is prepared by the entire previous story, each episode of the story. St. Petersburg in Gogol's story appears as a dual city. The writer emphasizes the contradiction between its appearance and essence. Indeed, you can’t say it better than Gogol - “everything is not what it seems.”

7. Working with the text of the story

Analyze the images with which Gogol paints a picture of Nevsky Prospekt. How does the episode outline the main problem and conflict of the entire story?Teacher: How does the author characterize Piskarev - an artist and a person?

Drawing Nevsky Prospekt, Gogol writes: “What a fast phantasmagoria takes place there in one day!”

What is "phantasmagoria"? What is the lexical meaning of this word?

Piskarev is a young man, an artist, belongs to people of art, and this is what makes him unusual. The author says that he belongs to the “class” of artists, to a “strange class,” thereby emphasizing the typicality of the hero.

Showing the falsehood of Nevsky Prospekt, the seamy side of life hidden behind its ceremonial appearance, its tragic side, exposing the emptiness of the inner world of those walking along it, their hypocrisy, the author uses ironic pathos andmetonymy . This is emphasized by the fact that instead of people, details of their appearance or clothing act:

WORKING WITH THE DICTIONARY:

PHANTASMAGORIA, -i, f. “Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language” edited by S.I. Ozhegov

quirky, unusual combination or a play of light and shadow, colors, etc., a bizarre accumulation, a combination of something.

Something unreal, illusory, a creation of dreams, imagination.

Bizarre, surprising changes, transformations or extraordinary coincidences of circumstances or events.

8. Summing up the lesson. Grading

Teacher's word

In order to summarize the results of the work, draw conclusions on comparative characteristics heroes and determine the ideological meaning of the story, you need to continue the sentences, taking into account the conclusions made during the discussion.

The image of heroes is based on the principle of contrast.

To show the contrast of the heroes, to reveal the characters of Piskarev and Pirogov, Gogol uses some details:

1... (image instead of a portrait of the social environment from which the heroes came);

2... (description of the dreams of the artist Piskarev);

3... (different language and narrative style)

The central theme of N.V. Gogol’s story is not only the depiction of two sides of life, but also the collision ... (dreams and reality).

Formulate conclusions about the story:

The story affirms the author's idea that one cannot live only by romantic illusions, or believe in pipe dreams. They will inevitably be destroyed by life itself. In life there is a constant struggle between good and evil, darkness and light, and you need to learn to distinguish between them, to understand that very much in life is deception, illusoryness. Only the grotesque and fantasy can return everything to its true form, which restore and expose the deep truth and promote its understanding.

The story affirms the author's idea that one cannot live by romantic illusions, believe in pipe dreams. They will inevitably be destroyed by life itself, because in life there is a constant struggle between good and evil, darkness and light, and you need to learn to distinguish between them, to understand that very much in life is deception, appearance, illusoryness.

Piskarev is unable to bear the fact that the beauty of a woman giving to the world new life, can be a subject of trade, because it is a desecration of beauty, love and humanity. He was overcome by a feeling of “tearing pity,” the author notes and explains: “Indeed, pity never takes possession of us so strongly as at the sight of beauty touched by the corrupting breath of depravity. Even if ugliness were friends with him, but beauty, tender beauty... it merges only with purity and purity in our thoughts.”

Being under strong psychological stress, Piskarev has a dream in which his beauty appears as a society lady, trying to explain her visit to the shelter with her secret. The dream inspired Piskarev with hope, which was destroyed by the cruel and vulgar side of life: “The desired image appeared to him almost every day, always in a position opposite to reality, because his thoughts were completely pure, like the thoughts of a child.” Therefore, he tries artificially, by taking the drug, to go into the world of dreams and illusions. However, dreams and illusions cannot replace real life.

9. Reflection.

We are moving to the last stage.

Summarizing the work in the lesson

Continue the sentences: Gogol’s Petersburg .... It is adjacent ... The city has ... an atmosphere

Residents of the city...

Petersburg deprived them..., each person -...

What is valuable for us in Gogol’s story, written in the 30s of the 19th century? What lesson do we learn from the work of a great writer?

Answer the teacher's questions.

10.Homework

Write a mini-essay answering the question “Why N.V. Gogol uses a fantastic plot and grotesque in the story"

Write down homework

List of used literature:

Arkhangelsky A.N. and others. Russian language and literature. Literature (advanced level) 10. – M.: Bustard

Gillelson M.I., Manuilov V.A., Stepanov A.N. Gogol in St. Petersburg. – L., 1961 9 chapter “Petersburg Tales”;

Basina M.Petersburg story. – L., 1974; Mann Yu.V. The courage of invention. M., 1985;

Mochulsky K.V. Gogol's spiritual path. M., 1995

Sakharov V.I., Zinin S.A. Russian language and literature. Literature (basic and advanced levels) 10. – M.: Russian Word.

Lanin B.A., Ustinova L.Yu., Shamchikova V.M. / ed. Lanina B.A. Russian language and literature. Literature (basic and advanced levels) 10. – M.: VENTANA-GRAF.

Sakharov V.I., Zinin S.A. Russian language and literature. Literature (basic and advanced levels) 10. – M.: Russianword.

APPENDIX A

Drawing by D. N. Kardovsky. Nevsky Prospekt

APPENDIX B

Drawing by D. N. Kardovsky. Dreams of the artist Piskarev.

Tatyana Alekseevna KALGANOVA (1941) - Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor at the Institute for Advanced Training and Retraining of Public Education Workers of the Moscow Region; author of many works on methods of teaching literature at school.

Study of the story by N.V. Gogol's "Nevsky Prospekt" in 10th grade

Work materials for teachers

From the history of the creation of the story

“Nevsky Prospekt” was first published in the collection “Arabesques” (1835), which was highly appreciated by V.G. Belinsky. Gogol began working on the story during the creation of “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka” (around 1831). His notebook contains sketches of “Nevsky Prospekt” along with rough notes of “The Night Before Christmas” and “Portrait”.

Gogol's stories "Nevsky Prospekt", "Notes of a Madman", "Portrait" (1835), "The Nose" (1836), "The Overcoat" (1842) belong to the cycle of St. Petersburg stories. The writer himself did not combine them into a special cycle. All of them were written at different times, do not have a common narrator or fictional publisher, but entered Russian literature and culture as an artistic whole, as a cycle. This happened because the stories are united by a common theme (the life of St. Petersburg), problems (reflection of social contradictions), the similarity of the main character (“little man”), and the integrity of the author’s position (satirical exposure of the vices of people and society).

Subject of the story

The main theme of the story is the life of St. Petersburg and fate “ little man” in a big city with its social contrasts, causing a discord between ideas about the ideal and reality. Along with the main theme, the themes of people's indifference, the replacement of spirituality with mercantile interests, the corruption of love, and the harmful effects of drugs on humans are revealed.

Plot and composition of the story

They become clear during the conversation. Sample questions.

What role does the description of Nevsky Prospect play at the beginning of the story?

What moment is the beginning of the action?

What is the fate of Piskarev?

What is the fate of Pirogov?

What role does the description of Nevsky Prospect play in the ending of the story?

Gogol combines in the story the depiction of general, typical aspects of life in a big city with the fate of individual heroes. The general picture of life in St. Petersburg is revealed in the description of Nevsky Prospect, as well as in the author’s generalizations throughout the narrative. Thus, the fate of the hero is given in the general movement of the life of the city.

The description of Nevsky Prospect at the beginning of the story is an exposition. The unexpected exclamation of Lieutenant Pirogov addressed to Piskarev, their dialogue and following the beautiful strangers is the beginning of the action with two contrasting endings. The story also ends with a description of Nevsky Prospect and the author’s reasoning about it, which is a compositional device that contains both a generalization and a conclusion that reveals the idea of the story.

Description of Nevsky Prospekt

Considered during the conversation. Sample questions.

What role does Nevsky Prospekt play in the life of the city, and how does the author feel about it?

How are the social contrasts and disunity of the city residents shown?

How is the discrepancy between the ostentatious side of the life of the noble class and its true essence revealed? What qualities of people does the author ridicule?

How does the demon motif arise in the description of the evening Nevsky Prospect at the beginning of the story? How is it continued in the subsequent narrative?

How are the descriptions of Nevsky Prospekt at the beginning of the story and at the end connected?

The author begins the story with solemnly upbeat phrases about Nevsky Prospekt and notes that this is “the universal communication of St. Petersburg,” a place where you can get “true news” better than in the address calendar or the information service, this is a place for walking, this is an “exhibition.” all the best works of man." At the same time, Nevsky Prospekt is a mirror of the capital, which reflects its life, it is the personification of the whole of St. Petersburg with its striking contrasts.

Literary scholars believe that the description of Nevsky Prospekt at the beginning of the story represents a kind of “physiological” sketch of St. Petersburg. Its depiction at different times of the day allows the author to characterize the social structure of the city. First of all, he singles out ordinary working people, on whom all life rests, and for them Nevsky Prospekt is not a goal, “it serves only as a means.”

Ordinary people are opposed to the nobility, for whom Nevsky Prospect is the goal - this is a place where one can show oneself. The story about the “pedagogical” Nevsky Prospekt with “tutors of all nations” and their students, as well as about nobles and officials walking along the avenue, is permeated with irony.

Showing the falsehood of Nevsky Prospect, the seamy side of life hidden behind its ceremonial appearance, its tragic side, exposing the emptiness of the inner world of those walking along it, their hypocrisy, the author uses ironic pathos. This is emphasized by the fact that instead of people, the details of their appearance or clothing act: “Here you will meet a wonderful mustache, impossible to depict with any pen or brush.<...>Thousands of varieties of hats, dresses, scarves<...>Here you will find such waists as you have never even dreamed of.<...>And what kind of long sleeves you will find.”

The description of the avenue is given in a realistic manner, at the same time, the story about the changes on Nevsky is preceded by the phrase: “What a fast phantasmagoria is happening on it in just one day.” The illusory, deceptive nature of the evening Nevsky Prospekt is explained not only by twilight, the bizarre light of lanterns and lamps, but also by the action of an unconscious, mysterious force influencing a person: “At this time, some kind of goal is felt, or, better, something similar to a goal that something extremely unaccountable; Everyone’s steps speed up and generally become very uneven. Long shadows flicker along the walls of the pavement and almost reach the Police Bridge with their heads.” Thus, fantasy and the demon motif are included in the description of Nevsky Prospect.

The hero’s experiences and actions are explained, it would seem, by his psychological state, but they can also be perceived as the actions of a demon: “...The beauty looked around, and it seemed to him as if a light smile flashed on her lips. He trembled all over and couldn’t believe his eyes<...>The sidewalk rushed under him, carriages with galloping horses seemed motionless, the bridge stretched and broke on its arch, the house stood with its roof down, the booth was falling towards him, and the sentry's halberd, along with the golden words of the sign and painted scissors, seemed to shine on his very eyelash eye. And all this was accomplished by one glance, one turn of the pretty head. Without hearing, without seeing, without heeding, he rushed along the light tracks of beautiful legs...”

Piskarev’s fantastic dream can also be explained in two ways: “The extraordinary diversity of faces led him into complete confusion; it seemed to him that some demon had chopped up the whole world into many different pieces and mixed all these pieces together without meaning, to no avail.”

At the end of the story, the motive of the demon is revealed openly: the source of lies and falsehood of the incomprehensible game with the destinies of people, according to the author, is the demon: “Oh, don’t believe this Nevsky Prospect!<...>Everything is a deception, everything is a dream, everything is not what it seems!<...>He lies at all times, this Nevsky Prospekt, but most of all, when the night falls like a condensed mass on him and separates the white and fawn walls of the houses, when the whole city turns into thunder and brilliance, myriads of carriages fall from the bridges, postilions shout and jump on horses and when the demon himself lights the lamps only to show everything in an unreal form.”

Artist Piskarev

Sample questions for conversation.

Why did Piskarev follow the girl? How does the author convey his feeling?

Who was the girl? Why did Piskarev escape from the “disgusting shelter”?

How it changes appearance girls?

Why did Piskarev choose real life over illusions? Could illusions replace real life for him?

How did Piskarev die, why was he wrong in his crazy act?

Like other young artists of St. Petersburg, the author characterizes Piskarev as a poor man, living in a small room, content with what he has, but striving for wealth. This is a “quiet, timid, modest, childishly simple-minded person who carried within himself a spark of talent, perhaps over time that flared up widely and brightly,” a person. The hero's surname emphasizes his ordinariness and recalls the type of “little man” in literature.

Piskarev believes in the harmony of goodness and beauty, pure, sincere love, and lofty ideals. He followed the stranger only because he saw in her the ideal of beauty and purity; she reminded him of Perugin’s Bianca. But the beautiful stranger turned out to be a prostitute, and Piskarev tragically experiences the collapse of his ideals. The charm of beauty and innocence turned out to be a deception. Ruthless reality destroyed his dreams, and the artist fled from the disgusting shelter where he was brought by a seventeen-year-old beauty, whose beauty, which had not had time to fade from debauchery, was not combined with a smile filled with “some kind of pathetic impudence,” all she said was “ stupid and vulgar<...>It’s as if the person’s mind leaves along with his integrity.”

The author, sharing Piskarev’s shocked feeling, writes with bitterness: “...A woman, this beauty of the world, the crown of creation, turned into some strange ambiguous creature, where she, along with the purity of her soul, lost everything feminine and disgustingly appropriated to herself the grasp and impudence of a man and has already ceased to be that weak, that beautiful and so different from us being.”

Piskarev is unable to bear the fact that the beauty of a woman who gives the world new life can be an object of trade, because this is a desecration of beauty, love and humanity. He was overcome by a feeling of “tearing pity,” the author notes and explains: “Indeed, pity never takes possession of us so strongly as at the sight of beauty touched by the corrupting breath of depravity. Even if ugliness were friends with him, but beauty, tender beauty... it merges only with purity and purity in our thoughts.”

The dream of quiet happiness in a village house, of a modest life provided for by one’s own labor, is rejected by the fallen beauty. “How can you! - she interrupted her speech with an expression of some kind of contempt. “I’m not a laundress or a seamstress to do the work.” Assessing the situation, the author says: “These words express the entire low, despicable life, a life filled with emptiness and idleness, faithful companions of depravity.” And further, in the author’s thoughts about the beauty, the demon’s motif again arises: “... She was thrown with laughter into its abyss by some terrible will of a hellish spirit, eager to destroy the harmony of life.” During the time that the artist did not see the girl, she changed for the worse - sleepless nights of debauchery and drunkenness were reflected on her face.

The poor artist could not survive, as the author puts it, “the eternal conflict between dreams and reality.” He could not stand the confrontation with harsh reality; the drug completely destroyed his psyche, depriving him of the opportunity to do work and resist fate. Piskarev commits suicide. He is wrong in this crazy act: the Christian religion considers life the greatest good, and suicide a great sin. Also, from the point of view of secular morality, taking one’s own life is unacceptable - this is a passive form of resolving life’s contradictions, for an active person can always find a way out of the most difficult, seemingly insoluble situations.

Lieutenant Pirogov

Sample questions for conversation.

Why did Pirogov follow the blonde?

Where did Pirogov end up after the beauty, who did she turn out to be?

Why is Pirogov courting a married lady?

What is ridiculed in the image of Schiller?

How does Pirogov's story end?

What is being ridiculed in the image of Pirogov, and how does the author do it?

What is the meaning of comparing the images of Piskarev and Pirogov?

The author says about Lieutenant Pirogov that officers like him constitute “some kind of middle class of society in St. Petersburg,” thereby emphasizing the typical character of the hero. Talking about these officers, the author, of course, characterizes Pirogov.

In their circle they are considered educated people because they know how to entertain women, they like to talk about literature: “they praise Bulgarin, Pushkin and Grech and speak with contempt and witty barbs about A.A. Orlov,” that is, they put Pushkin and Bulgarin on a par, the author ironically notes. They go to the theater to show themselves. Their life goal is to “earn the rank of colonel” and achieve a wealthy position. They usually “marry a merchant’s daughter who can play the piano, with a hundred thousand or so in cash and a bunch of big-haired relatives.”

The test of Pirogov’s honor and dignity was the “section” to which Schiller subjected him. Quickly forgetting his insult, he discovered a complete lack of human dignity: “he spent the evening with pleasure and distinguished himself so much in the mazurka that he delighted not only the ladies, but even the gentlemen.”

The images of Pirogov and Piskarev are associated with opposite moral principles in the characters of the heroes. The comic image of Pirogov is contrasted with the tragic image of Piskarev. “Piskarev and Pirogov - what a contrast! Both of them began on the same day, at the same hour, the pursuit of their beauties, and how different were the consequences of these pursuits for both of them! Oh, what meaning is hidden in this contrast! And what an effect this contrast produces!” - wrote V.G. Belinsky.

Schiller, tinsmith

Images of German craftsmen - tinsmith master Schiller, shoemaker Hoffmann, carpenter Kunz - complement the social picture of St. Petersburg. Schiller is the embodiment of commercialism. Accumulating money is the goal of this artisan’s life, therefore strict calculation, limiting himself in everything, suppressing sincere human feelings determine his behavior. At the same time, jealousy awakens a sense of dignity in Schiller, and he, while drunk, not thinking about the consequences at that moment, together with his friends, flogged Pirogov.

In the draft version, the hero's surname was Palitrin.

This refers to a painting by the artist Perugino (1446–1524), Raphael’s teacher.

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Literature. 10th grade
Lesson #2
Topic: Artist and " scary world"in N.V. Gogol's story "Nevsky Prospekt".

I. Work based on homework materials.
Comment on the author's assessments in the description of Nevsky Prospekt.
How does the episode outline the main problem and conflict of the entire story?
Prove that this description contains features of romanticism and realism. Give examples.
What is the function of this episode in the entire story?
Tell us how Piskarev’s romantic illusions fail.
What significance do the features of romantic irony, fantasy, and grotesque have in his story?
What is the semantic role of Piskarev’s dream?
What is the tragic meaning of Piskarev’s story? Why does the author lead him to commit suicide?
Tell the story of Lieutenant Pirogov. What is its compositional role in the story?
What role do Schiller and Hoffmann play in Pirogov’s story? How is the author's irony and grotesque manifested here?
Can Pirogov’s story be considered a triumphant farce? Give reasons for your opinion.
How are the principles of romantic dual worlds reflected in the story?
Prove that Gogol's story is autobiographical in nature and reflects his religious ideas about morality and ethics?
The teacher sums up the results.
The running theme of the St. Petersburg stories is the deceptiveness of the external splendor of metropolitan life, its imaginary splendor, behind which lies low and vulgar prose. “Oh, don’t believe this Nevsky Prospect. Everything is a deception, everything is a dream, everything is not what it seems!” These words from the story “Nevsky Prospekt” can be used as an epigraph to the entire St. Petersburg cycle.
Instead of people, moving along Nevsky Prospekt (“Nevsky Prospekt”) are “sideburns, hats, waists, ladies’ sleeves, smart frock coats, Greek noses, a pair of pretty eyes, a foot in a charming shoe, a tie that excites surprise, a mustache that plunges into amazement,” etc. . n. The spiritless world became dead and crumbled into details and things. A person is replaced by an object of his toilet. When a high spirit leaves the world, the hierarchy of values in it is violated - and everything crumbles and falls into a shapeless heap. Man can no longer distinguish good from evil, high from low. He loses the integrity of perception, loses orientation.
It seems to the St. Petersburg romantic dreamer, artist Piskarev that “some demon chopped up the whole world into many pieces and mixed all these pieces together without meaning, uselessly” - “sparkling ladies’ shoulders and black tailcoats, chandeliers, lamps, airy flying gases, ethereal ribbons and a thick double bass peeking out from behind the railings of the magnificent choirs - everything was brilliant for him.” But this is the brilliance of chaos, reflecting the absurdity of a world that has lost its meaning, which has lost the spiritual vertical that organizes it.
In the phantasmagoria of St. Petersburg life, everything is confused and displaced, ideas about beauty are distorted. The artist Piskarev finds angelic beauty where she never spent the night, in the pathetic arrogance and stupid vulgarity of a corrupt woman.
The “romantic” Piskarev is contrasted with the “realist” Pirogov, who is a prisoner of the vulgarity surrounding him. The very antithesis of the two heroes - Pirogov and Piskarev - turns out to be imaginary. “He lies at all times, this Nevsky Prospekt, but most of all when the night falls like a condensed mass on him and separates the white and fawn walls of the houses, when the whole city turns into thunder and brilliance, myriads of carriages fall from the bridges, postilions scream and jump on horses, and when the demon himself lights the lamps just to show everything not in its real form.”
The replacement of genuine values with imaginary ones leads to the destruction of the Divine image in man.
Homework: pp. 84-89. Answer questions regarding the story “The Nose”.
What is the reality of the beginning of the story?
Where did Major Kovalev like to walk?
What words describe Major Kovalev’s favorite places?
What is the reality of the people “inhabiting” the pages of the story? Give signs of real life of real people.
What unreal events serve as the beginning of the story of Major Kovalev?
How do further events related to the nose unfold?
Why was Major Kovalev upset and upset?
Are the characters in the story surprised that all this could happen not to a real person, but to separate part his face?

THANK YOU SO MUCH IN ADVANCE!
1.Insert the missing letters and explain the spelling.

Sh...sweat- whispers, h...lka- brow, odd... honor, condensed...nka- thicken, sh...nok- whelping dog, cat... lek- wallet, bech...vka- twine, desh...vy- cheaper, set fire to the house - arson, he set the house on fire - set fire to, gluttony- glutton, sh...mouths-, sh...roh- under the accent it is written "O" - without the accent "Yo", kryzh...penetrated- under the accent it is written "O" - without the accent "Yo", piz...n- vocabulary word, juggle...r- vocabulary word, abroad...m- milestone, stranger...e- zhi/shi write with the letter and, coffee- coffee, walrus...howl, cherry plum...howl, pear...howl, face...howl, fallen...howl, calico...howl, itch...howy, glossy...howy, yellow...yellow, stew...nka, ch...rt, old man...k, cut knife...m, shoulder...m to shoulder, stove...n, click...click, bear...knock, small soul...nka, brush...fabric, cottage cheese...k, be interested in report...m, bake...m pie, smoked...ness, marriage ...m, walk with a heavy load, drink on the way...k., sh...vinism, sh...kirovat, sh...sse, hard...hard, zach...t, sh...lka, izzh...ha, pch...lka, lattice . _k, enjoy the borscht.

2. Place punctuation marks and explain the conditions for separating or not separating different types definitions; What are the rules for choosing a dash or hyphen? In the article “Woe from Wit” V.G. Belinsky examines Russian literature, which dialectically continues the traditions of history and culture. The division of verbal art into three types - lyrical, epic and dramatic - is a reflection of the artistic understanding of life. Russian literature is distinguished by amazing transformations that attract the combination of funny and sad “high” and “low” in the context of one work. N.V. Gogol’s comedy “The Inspector General” is an example of brilliant satire, complete in form and content. “In “The Inspector General” there are no better scenes because there are no worse ones, everything is a single artistically closed world,” wrote Belinsky.6 According to the critic, the main character of the comedy is the fear of the mayor as a result of the frightened imagination of an ignorant official who was afraid not only of his superiors but also of his own sins. It is interesting that Khlestakov appears in the second act and disappears in the fourth. The ghost inspector and everything that happens on stage is a kind of fantastic reality that, by the will of the author, satirical writer, acquires its own space and time.

3. Place punctuation marks and explain the conditions for separating or not separating circumstances and additions; what part of speech expresses adverbs and additions, what is the function and role of adverbial phrases in a sentence. In the article “On the Russian story and Gogol’s stories,” V.G. Belinsky examines the writer’s work in the context of Russian and European literature, opening up the rich possibilities of verbal art. Unlike other Russian writers early XIX century, Gogol creates a “natural school”, turning to the truth and prose of life as a source of artistic fantasy and philosophical reflection. “He does not flatter life, but he does not slander it either; he is happy to expose everything that is beautiful and human in it, and at the same time does not hide its ugliness. In both cases, he is faithful to life to the last degree. For him, she is a real portrait in which everything is covered with amazing similarity, from the expression of the original to the freckles of his face, from Ivan Nikiforovich’s wardrobe to Russian men walking along Nevsky Prospekt in boots stained with lime; from the colossal face of the hero Bulba, who was not afraid of anything in the world with a cradle in his teeth and a saber in his hands, to the stoic philosopher Khoma, who was not afraid of anything in the world, even the devil and witches when he had a cradle in his teeth and a glass in his hands.”

7. Identify all parts of speech. V.G. Belinsky in the article “Woe from Wit” noted how the comedy was received; conservatives were indignant; people of progressive thinking, especially young people, admired the caustic and evil satire on the old generation. Chatsky was perceived as a man of new times. In the same article, V.G. Belinsky, highlighting artistic features The play claimed that Chatsky is none other than the “new Don Quixote.” As you know, A.S. Pushkin agreed with the critic’s opinion. No matter how contradictory the judgments about the main character may be, it is clear that the author of the comedy took the first step in the development of a new realistic dramaturgy. In a letter to P.A. Katenin, A.S. Griboyedov talked about how he worked on the plan for the play and how he created the hero (one “sane person” was surrounded by “25 fools”). “At first he is cheerful and it’s a vice to joke and joke forever how you feel about it.”

This happens many times. In a dream, Piskarev finds the full measure of happiness, in reality - the full measure of suffering. Everything is dislocated and abnormal in this strange and terrible real world how everything is distorted in the artist’s life. One can say, the author notes, that Piskarev slept in reality, but was awake in a dream. These increasingly frequent metamorphoses became the source of his physical and moral suffering and ultimately drove him to madness.

The romantic worldview of the young Gogol was, as we know, very susceptible to contrasting perceptions of the world. The entire story “Nevsky Prospekt” is presented in sharp contrasting colors. The social and psychological contrasts of Nevsky Prospekt echo the differences in Piskarev’s perception of the world, and all this together exacerbates the feeling of a tragic contradiction between reality and the idea of what it can and should be.

The artist Piskarev was a victim, as Gogol put it, of “the eternal conflict between dreams and reality.” This is a tragic sacrifice, because the discrepancy between the lofty romantic dream and the possibilities of its implementation is too great. Life laughed cruelly at Piskarev. His devotion to the ideal of beauty and faith in the purity of human relations could not withstand contact with the rough prose of life, with a hypocritical, selfish society. In single combat with this society, he suffered a complete collapse.

Gogol's attitude towards Piskarev is ambivalent. On the one hand, he is deeply sympathetic to the character of this noble dreamer, who indignantly rejects false and vulgar foundations modern world. However, on the other hand, the writer cannot help but feel the groundlessness of the romantic ideal of his hero. The point is not only that this ideal is unsteady and unrealistic, but also that by its very nature it is a product of the same vulgar reality against which it is directed. Gogol saw Piskarev’s weakness and the instability of his position in life.

By the mid-1830s, romanticism as a philosophy of life, as a method of resolving the contradictions of reality, revealed its vulnerability. Another decade will pass - and this topic will become one of the most important in Russian literature. In 1843, Herzen wrote in his Diary: “The period of romanticism disappeared, heavy blows and years killed him” (II, 272). This observation, made in connection with the circumstances of Herzen’s personal life, undoubtedly had a more general meaning. Romanticism by that time will become synonymous with complacency, routine and flabbiness. How far this process has gone is clearly shown by the fate of Alexander Aduev in the novel “An Ordinary Story.” Long before Goncharov, Gogol shrewdly recognized the early symptoms of the same disease. Of course, Piskarev is not Alexander Aduev, there is still much that is truly attractive in Gogol’s hero; in his passionate indignation against the foundations of modern civilization and morality, youthful “ideality” and a faith and the possibility of quickly correcting people’s morals, touching in its simple-minded naivety, were visible. But Gogol’s genius lay precisely in the fact that Piskarev’s innocence is depicted as a product of the same reality that fed Pirogov’s vulgarity. They are very different people- Piskarev and Pirogov, and yet they are not just acquaintances, but “friends”!

The satirical, accusatory orientation of the story is strongly expressed in the second short story, dedicated to Pirogov.

Lieutenant Pirogov represents a completely different human material than Piskarev, who is easily vulnerable and sensitive to the slightest manifestations of injustice. Limited and brazenly self-confident, successful, successful, always in an excellent mood, Pirogov was completely alien to reflection and any kind of moral torment. Vulgar complacency expressed not his fleeting, not momentary state, but the very essence of his character. The writer created a very bright human type, which became a common noun for many aspects of contemporary social existence.