Created 01/01/2011 03:00

Code of Practice for Design and Construction

Planning and development of low-rise housing construction areas

Date of introduction 2000-01-01

PREFACE
1. DEVELOPED by TsNIIEPgrazhdanstroy
2. REVIEWED AND APPROVED by the Department of Urban Planning, Infrastructure and Territorial Development of the State Committee Russian Federation on construction and housing and communal services (minutes No. 01-NS-15/8 dated August 17, 1999 of the joint meeting of the sections “Urban Planning” and “Architecture” of the Scientific and Technical Council of the Gosstroy of Russia and the Expert Council of the Main State Expertise of Russia)
3. ADOPTED by the State Construction Committee of Russia (resolution dated December 30, 1999 No. 94)
4. ENTERED INTO EFFECT (order of TsNIIEPgrazhdanstroy dated November 24, 1999, No. 80 T) from January 1, 2000.
5. INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

CONTENT
1. Scope of application
2. Normative references
3. Terms and definitions
4. Planning and development of low-rise housing construction areas
4.1 Fundamentals
4.2 Road network
4.3 Engineering networks and facilities
4.4 Engineering preparation and protection of territories
5. Residential formations
5.1 General provisions
5.2 Types of residential buildings
5.3 Planning and development of apartment areas
6. Institutions and service enterprises
6.1 General provisions
6.2 Organization of services in areas of low-rise buildings in settlements of various types
6.3 Planning and development of community centers
Appendix A Recommended. Types of apartments by number of rooms and their area
Appendix B Recommended. List and approximate calculated indicators of service facilities and the sizes of their plots in low-rise buildings in cities and suburban settlements
Appendix B Mandatory. Terms and definitions

1. AREA OF APPLICATION
1.1 This regulatory document of the system establishes requirements for the development of low-rise housing construction areas, both as part and as an independent planning structure of urban, rural and other settlements, developed in accordance with current standards and approved master plans for settlements.

2. REGULATORY REFERENCES
2.1 References to the following regulatory documents were used:
SNiP 2.01.01-82. Construction climatology and geophysics
SNiP 2.01.15-90. Engineering protection of territories, buildings and structures from hazardous geological processes. Design Basics
SNiP 2.07.01-89*. Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements
SNiP 2.08.01-89*. Residential buildings
SNiP 2.08.02-89*. Public buildings and structures
SNiP 2.04.01-85*. Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings
SNiP 2.04.02-84*. Water supply. External networks and structures
SNiP 2.04.03-85. Sewerage. External networks and structures
SNiP 2.04.05-91 *. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning
SNiP 2.04.07-86*. Heat networks
SNiP 2.04.08-87*. Gas supply
SNiP 2.05.13-90. Oil product pipelines laid in cities and other populated areas
SNiP II-12-77. Noise protection
SNiP II-3-79*. Construction heating engineering
SNiP 10.01-94. System regulatory documents in construction. Basic provisions
SNiP 3.05.04-85*. External networks and structures of water supply and sewerage
SNiP 21-01-97*. Fire safety buildings and structures
SNiP 23-05-95. Natural and artificial lighting
SNiP 30-02-97. Planning and development of territories gardening associations citizens, buildings and structures
SP 11-102-97. Engineering and environmental surveys for construction
SP 11-103-97. Engineering and hydrometeorological surveys for construction
SP 11-106-97. Development, coordination, approval and composition of design and planning documentation for the development of territories of gardening associations of citizens
VSN 59-88. Electrical equipment for residential and public buildings. Design standards
VSN 62-91 *. Designing a living environment taking into account the needs of people with disabilities and people with limited mobility
PUE. Rules for electrical installations
RDS 30-201-98. Instructions on the procedure for designing and installing red lines in cities and other settlements of the Russian Federation
RD 34.20.185-94. Instructions for designing urban electrical networks
RD 34.21.122-87. Instructions for lightning protection of buildings and structures
SanPiN 2.1.4.027-95. Zones sanitary protection water supply sources and water pipes for domestic and drinking purposes
SanPiN. 1.6.574-96. Hygienic requirements to protection atmospheric air populated areas
SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.567-96. Sanitary protection zones and sanitary classification of enterprises, structures and other objects

3. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
3.1 V This Code of Rules uses the terms in accordance with Appendix B.

4. PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF LOW-RISE HOUSING CONSTRUCTION TERRITORIES
4.1 FUNDAMENTALS
4.1.1 Urban planning characteristics of low-rise housing construction areas (size, number of floors, dimensions of the apartment plot, etc.) must be determined by the location of the territory in the planning and functional structure of urban, rural and other settlements, the types of which are defined by Art. 5 of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation. The exception is the settlements mentioned in paragraph 4 of Art. 6 of the Code, requiring special regulation of urban planning activities, primarily in Moscow and St. Petersburg.
4.1.2 When deciding on a master plan for low-rise buildings based on natural indicators, the following areas should be distinguished:
favorable for development;
requiring engineering protective measures in accordance with the instructions of SNiP 2.07.01, SNiP 2.01.15;
unacceptable for construction.
4.1.3 The areas of low-rise housing construction should be classified in accordance with Table 1.
4.1.4 When placing and planning organization of the territory of low-rise housing construction, the requirements for:
security environment;
protecting the territory from noise and exhaust gases transport routes, electrical and electromagnetic radiation, from radon released from the ground.
4.1.5 Comprehensive measures to protect nature and improve the environment from harmful effects related to economic and other activities should be provided in accordance with regulations regulating environmental activities.
4.1.6 Insolation of territories and premises of low-rise buildings should provide a continuous 3-hour duration in the spring-summer period or a total 3.5-hour duration.
In mixed development or when low-rise buildings are located in difficult urban planning conditions, it is allowed to reduce the normalized insolation to 2.5 hours.
The required standard duration of insolation must be justified by calculations by a licensed organization at the stage of the development project and detailed design.
4.1.7 Garbage removal from areas of low-rise residential buildings, as a rule, should be carried out by removing household waste from areas with containers, the distance from which to the boundaries of residential buildings, children's institutions, and green areas should be set at least 50, but not more than 100 m.
4.1.8 To ensure fire extinguishing individual buildings In areas of low-rise housing construction, hydrants should be provided.
Water consumption for fire extinguishing for the calculation of street ring networks and distribution lines should be taken according to table. 5.6 SNiP2.04.02.
4.1.9 If it is impossible or impractical to provide fire extinguishing for individual buildings from hydrants, it is allowed to provide it from tanks or reservoirs in accordance with Note 1 to clause 2.11. SNiP 2.04.02.
4.1.10 The minimum fire-fighting distances between buildings (as well as between outer buildings and groups of buildings in apartment areas) should be taken according to table. 1, appendix 1 SNiP 2.07.01.
4.2 ROAD NETWORK
4.2.1 The street and road network of low-rise housing construction areas should be formed in conjunction with the system of streets and roads provided for master plan settlements.
4.2.2 When designing and organizing the road network of low-rise residential areas, it is necessary to take into account:
location of territories in the settlement structure;
type of territory, according to the table. 1 classification;
type of residential building(s);
sizes and configuration of territories.
4.2.3 Planning solution low-rise residential buildings must provide vehicle access to all buildings and structures, including houses located on apartment plots.
4.2.4 The number of traffic lanes on residential streets and driveways should be:
for residential streets - at least 2 lanes;
for travel - 1 lane.
The width of the strips should be 3.5 m.
4.2.5 Passages should be provided with passing platforms at least 15 m long and at least 7 m wide, including the width of the roadway.
The distance between traveling areas, as well as between traveling areas and intersections, should be no more than 200 m.
The maximum length of a dead-end driveway, according to the requirements of SNiP 2.07.01, should not exceed 150 m. Dead-end driveways are provided with turning areas of at least 12-12 m in size. The use of a turning area for parking cars is not allowed.
4.2.6 In the territory of low-rise residential development, as a rule, it is necessary to provide 100% provision of parking spaces for storage and parking. passenger cars and other vehicles.
4.2.7 In a built-up area residential buildings with apartment plots (one-two-apartment and multi-apartment blocked), parking should be located within the designated area.

Table 1 - Classification of areas of low-rise residential buildings with apartment plots

Type territories	Urban Planning Degree	Types of residential buildings (number 1-3)	Area of apartment plots, m 2 (not less)*		Functional-typological	Social infrastructure
	development territories		on free territories	in built-up areas	signs of the site (except accommodation)
A Separate residential formations in the structure of large, large and largest cities		1 One- and two-apartment houses	450		Gardening or floriculture, children's games, recreation	Selective use of everyday service facilities, compensating for their lack in the surrounding areas of the city. Application of built-in and built-in-attached objects
B Residential formations of rural settlements, small, medium and large cities and towns	Areas free from development, including reserve areas	1 Manor houses, including places of employment 2 One- and two-apartment houses 3 Blocked apartment buildings	1000	800	Maintaining a developed private household plot**, commercial agricultural production, gardening, vegetable gardening, children's games, recreation Maintaining limited	In rural areas - basic periodic maintenance facilities for a group of settlements; daily services in each settlement or residential formation based on a combination of permanent buildings and mobile facilities;
	Territories with existing buildings****				Private household plots***, gardening, vegetable gardening, children's games, recreation	use of multifunctional buildings and microcenters. In cities - a complex of everyday service facilities linked to the city center; use of free-standing and built-in-attached objects
B Residential formations in the zone of influence of cities (suburban settlements)	Same	1 One- and two-apartment houses 2 Blocked apartment buildings	600	500	Introduction of limited private household plots, gardening, children's games, recreation Gardening, floriculture, children's games, recreation	An independent complex of daily service facilities with seasonal expansion. The use of microcenters and small-capacity facilities, including built-in ones
The area of apartment plots of residential buildings in areas with low-rise buildings is determined by the local administration of the constituent entities of the Federation. Developed private household plot is a personal subsidiary plot with large, small livestock and poultry. Limited private household plot - personal subsidiary plot keeping small livestock and poultry. **In areas with existing buildings, the first priority should be reconstruction of the stock of residential and public buildings.

4.2.8 Parking garages serving apartment buildings of various planning structures, located in public areas, should be taken in accordance with Table. 10* SNiP 2.07.01.
4.3 ENGINEERING NETWORKS AND STRUCTURES
4.3.1 The choice of design engineering solutions must be made in accordance with technical specifications for engineering support of the territory, issued by the relevant authorities responsible for the operation of local engineering networks.
4.3.2 Heating and gas networks, water supply and sewerage pipelines, as a rule, should be laid outside the roadway in order to avoid possible ruptures in the roadway area. In some cases, it is allowed to lay them along the territory of apartment plots with the consent of their owners. Laying gas networks high pressure on the territory of low-rise buildings is not allowed.
4.3.3 Heat and gas supply to low-rise residential buildings can be provided both decentralized - from apartment-based autonomous generators, and centralized - from existing or newly designed boiler houses (GRP), with appropriate utilities.
Distances from the gas distribution point to residential buildings should be taken in accordance with clause 5.3 of SNiP 2.04.08.
4.3.4 Water supply to low-rise buildings should be provided from centralized systems for apartment buildings in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.02 and can be arranged autonomously - for one- or two-apartment buildings from shaft and shallow-tube wells, captages, springs in accordance with the project.
4.3.5 Input of water supply into one- or two-apartment houses is allowed if there is a connection to a centralized sewerage system or if there is a local sewerage system.
4.3.6 It is allowed to provide for one- or two-apartment residential buildings the installation of local treatment facilities with a wastewater flow rate of no more than 3 m 3 /day.
4.3.7 Water consumption for irrigation of apartment areas of low-rise buildings should be taken up to 10 l/m2 per day; At the same time, installation of meters should be provided at water intake devices.
4.3.8. The power supply of low-rise buildings should be designed in accordance with PUE (Rules for Electrical Installations) and RD34.20.185.
4.3.9. The power of TP transformers for power supply of low-rise buildings should be taken according to calculation.
4.3.10 The 0.38 kV network should be carried out using overhead (OHL) or cable (CL) lines, as a rule, according to an open branched circuit or a loop circuit in open mode with single-transformer transformer substations.
4.3.11 The routes of overhead lines and cable lines of 0.38 kV must pass outside the boundaries of the apartment areas, be accessible for access to the overhead line supports by service vehicles and allow unhindered excavation of cable lines.
The required gaps should be taken in accordance with the PUE (Electrical Installation Rules).
4.3.12 Branches from the 0.38 kV line to the building can be made:
from overhead lines - with insulated wires, self-supporting wires, cable on a rope, cable in the ground;
from cable lines laid in the ground by installing a cable branch box outside the apartment areas.
4.3.13 The input and distribution panel (IDB) must be installed inside a multi-apartment residential building in accordance with Chapter. 7.1 PUE. It is allowed, in agreement with the energy supply organization, to install a control switchboard on the territory of the apartment area in an appropriate climatic and vandal-proof design.
When installing an input panel in a building (outside or inside), a disconnecting device must be installed on the outer part of the wall at the input at a height of 2.5 m in a sealed box, accessible only to the energy supply organization.
4.3.14 In low-rise development areas, the following should be provided: telephone communications, three-program radio broadcasting, television broadcasting, centralized fire and burglar alarm, automated system dispatch control.
4.4 ENGINEERING PREPARATION AND PROTECTION OF TERRITORIES
4.4.1 Measures for engineering preparation and protection of territories must be determined by the master plan and related to natural conditions, and must also be regulated by the choice of planning, design and engineering solutions for development.
4.4.2 To eliminate or reduce the technogenic impact of low-rise buildings on natural conditions Preventive measures must be taken:
maximum preservation of the natural topography with the provision of a surface water drainage system;
the minimum density of the network of underground utility networks and their uniform distribution over the area.
4.4.3 The territories in which low-rise housing construction is not allowed include zones of active manifestations of geological processes (landslides, screes, karsts, avalanches, mudflows, etc.).

5. RESIDENTIAL UNITS
5.1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
5.1.1 Low-rise residential buildings include buildings with a height of up to 3 floors inclusive.
5.1.2 Residential formations in low-rise housing construction areas should consist, as a rule, of single-family and semi-detached residential buildings (with apartment plots).
It is allowed to use sectional type houses and others (up to 4 floors in height) with urban planning regulations in accordance with SNiP 2.07.01.
5.2 TYPES OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
5.2.1 In individual construction, the main type of house is single-family. In addition to single-apartment houses, blocked houses are used, including two-apartment houses, with apartment plots for each apartment.
5.2.2 The main types of housing for municipal construction should be multi-apartment blocked houses, sectional type with apartment plots or courtyards in front of some of the apartments.
5.2.3 Based on the level of living, the designed housing should be divided into two main categories:
social housing for municipal construction with standardized upper limits of apartment areas (according to SNiP2.08-01);
housing for individual construction with standardized lower limits of apartment areas.
Types of apartments and their areas are presented in Appendix A.
5.2.4 In urban, suburban and rural settlements, for families engaged in individual labor activities, residential buildings with a place of work should be used (a doctor’s house, a craftsman’s house, a house of a seller of everyday goods, a farmer’s house, etc.).
The design of houses with plumbing, repair, blacksmith shops and similar premises is permitted subject to the necessary hygienic, environmental, fire safety and sanitary requirements, with the approval of the relevant government supervision services.
5.2.5 The housing needs of the population must be met not only through new construction, but also through the modernization and reconstruction of low-rise residential buildings that have retained their material value (see Table 1, footnotes).
5.3 PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF APARTMENT AREA
5.3.1 Limit dimensions land plots for manor houses, one-two-apartment and multi-apartment blocked residential buildings are established by the authorities local government in accordance with territorial building codes depending on the type of house and other local features.
The boundaries, areas and mode of use of land plots in multi-apartment residential buildings are determined by urban planning documentation, taking into account the legislation of the Russian Federation and regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Minimum areas of apartment plots for different types residential buildings are given in table. 1.
5.3.2 A manor house, one or two-apartment house must be at least 5 m from the red line of streets, and at least 3 m from the red line of driveways. The distance from outbuildings to the red lines of streets and driveways must be at least 5 m.
5.3.3 In rural settlements and in areas of low-rise buildings in cities and suburban settlements (where keeping livestock is permitted), it is allowed to provide outbuildings for keeping livestock and poultry, storing feed, equipment, fuel and other household needs, bathhouses, as well as outbuildings on adjacent land plots. entrances and cattle runs. The composition and area of outbuildings and buildings for individual work activities are taken in accordance with regional characteristics and design assignments.
5.3.4 To the border of the neighboring apartment plot, the distances for sanitary conditions must be no less than: from a manor house, one-two-apartment and semi-detached house - 3 m, taking into account the requirements of clause 4.1.5 of this Code of Rules; from buildings for keeping livestock and poultry - 4 m; from other buildings (bathhouse, garage, etc.) - 1 m; from the trunks of tall trees -4 m; medium height - 2 m; from the bush - 1 m.
5.3.5 Buildings for keeping livestock and poultry may only be attached to manor houses with one or two apartments if they are isolated from living rooms by at least three utility rooms; in this case, premises for livestock and poultry must have an isolated external entrance located no closer than 7 m from the entrance to the house.
5.3.6 When installing garages (including attached ones) in the ground and basement floors of one- or two-story manor houses, single-apartment and semi-detached houses (in manor houses, one-two-apartment houses and on the ground floor), it is allowed to design them without complying with the standards for the design of automobile service enterprises.
5.3.7 In rural settlements and in low-rise suburban areas for residents of apartment buildings, outbuildings for livestock and poultry can be allocated outside the residential areas. For apartment buildings, it is allowed to install built-in or free-standing collective storage facilities for agricultural products, the area of which is determined by the design assignment.
5.3.8 In areas where manor houses and one- and two-apartment houses are built, the distance from the windows of living rooms to the walls of the neighboring house and outbuildings (barn, garage, bathhouse) located on adjacent land plots must be at least 6 m,

6. INSTITUTIONS AND SERVICE ENTERPRISES
6.1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
6.1.1 Institutions and enterprises serving the population in low-rise development areas in urban, suburban and rural settlements should be located taking into account the type of settlement, the size of the population served and the general urban planning situation, including the proximity of other service facilities and the organization of transport links, providing, as a rule, the formation of public centers, in connection with a network of streets, roads and pedestrian paths.
For people with disabilities, it is necessary to provide access, including in wheelchairs, to public buildings and structures, taking into account the requirements of VSN 62-91.
6.2 ORGANIZATION OF SERVICE IN LOW-RISE DEVELOPMENT TERRITORIES IN VARIOUS TYPES OF SETTLEMENTS
6.2.1 In accordance with the classification of territories (see Table 1), low-rise construction is located in the form of separate residential formations in the structure of cities - from large to largest, as well as in residential formations of small, medium and large cities, suburban and rural settlements, which determines the differences in organizing services for their population.
In cities and suburban settlements, the list of institutions for daily maintenance of low-rise residential areas, as a rule, should include the following facilities:
preschool institutions, secondary schools, a sports and leisure complex, outpatient clinics, pharmacy kiosks, retail and household facilities, a communications office, a Sberbank branch, a stronghold for law enforcement, an administrative self-government center, as well as sites (sports, recreation, field services , children's games). At the same time, in a suburban area, it is necessary to take into account the seasonal expansion of stationary facilities.
In rural areas, provision should be made for the division of institutions and service enterprises into essential facilities in each settlement, starting with 50 residents, and basic facilities for more than high level to a group of populated areas located in the center of local government (rural district, volost, etc.). In addition to stationary buildings, it is necessary to use mobile equipment and seasonal structures.
6.2.2 When calculating the number and capacity of institutions and service enterprises and their location, one should proceed from the need to meet the needs of various socio-demographic groups of the population.
In cities and suburban settlements, for approximate calculations of the number and capacity of institutions and enterprises serving low-rise buildings and their areas, it is allowed to take the indicators given in Appendix B. In rural areas, for approximate calculations of the capacity of objects and the size of their plots, it is allowed to take the indicators of Appendix 7 of SNiP 2.07. 01.
6.2.3 The placement of institutions and service enterprises in low-rise residential areas should be carried out:
a) in cities and suburban settlements - taking into account the accessibility radii no more than those indicated in the table. 2.
Table 2 - Pedestrian accessibility radii of service facilities
When locating service facilities, it is necessary to take into account the institutions and enterprises available in neighboring territories while observing the standard accessibility radii (except preschool institutions And primary schools, the approach routes to which should not cross the roadway);
b) in rural areas, provision of essential services to residents of each settlement should be carried out within walking distance of no more than 30 minutes. (2-2.5 km); at the same time, the placement of institutions of a higher level of service, including periodic ones, must be provided within the boundaries municipalities with pedestrian and transport accessibility no more than 60 minutes.
Regional restrictions on service radii, accessibility of medical facilities in rural areas and requirements for student traffic safety primary classes are accepted according to clause 5.4 of SNiP 2.07.01.
6.2.4 Distances from buildings and land boundaries in relation to preschool institutions and secondary schools should be taken according to clause 5.5 of SNiP 2.07.01.
6.3 PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY CENTERS
6.3.1 The public center of the territory of low-rise housing construction is intended to accommodate primarily cultural facilities, retail and consumer services, administrative, sports, recreational and leisure buildings and structures.
The list of development objects in the center may include multi-apartment residential buildings with service facilities.
In a public center, a system of interconnected space-platforms (for recreation, sports, receiving outreach services) and pedestrian paths should be formed.
Within the public center, general parking for vehicles should be provided at the rate of: per 100 one-time visitors - 7-10 parking spaces and 15-20 bicycles and mopeds.
6.3.2 In small towns and suburban settlements, in areas of low-rise residential development, the use of small enterprises is allowed, the location of which is coordinated with state supervisory authorities. In rural settlements, it is allowed to locate small enterprises, including those combining services and production of services, which do not require the construction of sanitary protection zones larger than 50 m.
6.3.3 The development of a public center in a low-rise construction area can be formed either by separate buildings, or by institutions and enterprises, which together, thanks to the methods of cooperation and blocking, form multifunctional public service complexes, as well as by objects included in the structure of a residential building.
The design of public buildings and structures should be carried out in accordance with SNiP 2.08.02.
6.3.4 Compared to free-standing public buildings, the calculated site area indicators for buildings should be reduced: attached by 25%, built-in and attached - up to 50% (with the exception of preschool institutions).
6.3.5 To organize services in the areas of low-rise housing construction, it is permitted to locate institutions and enterprises using an individual form of activity - kindergarten, shop, cafe, fitness and leisure complex, hairdresser, photo studio, etc., built into low-rise residential buildings, with accommodation mainly in the 1st and ground floors. In this case, the total area of built-in institutions should not exceed 150 m2. The mentioned institutions and enterprises may have central significance and be located in the central part of the settlement or residential formation. When setting up built-in workshops for car repair and rental, repair household appliances, as well as premises for funeral services, such facilities should be located on the outskirts of the settlement. The construction of built-in enterprises that are harmful to public health (X-ray machines, building materials stores, mosquito and chemical stores, etc.) in low-rise buildings is not allowed.
Built-in public institutions must have entrances isolated from the residential part of the building. The site of the built-in institution should be divided into residential and public parts, with a zone for visitors and a utility yard located in the latter. Parking for vehicles must be provided before entering the building.
6.3.6 The service needs of the population must be met through both new construction and reconstruction of existing facilities, especially in rural areas and suburban settlements.

APPENDIX B
(Required)
TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Basic objects- institutions and enterprises that organize and provide periodic services to a group of settlements within the boundaries of the local government territory.
Blocked residential building- a house consisting of two or more apartments, each of which has direct access to its own apartment area.
Built-in, built-in-attached and attached institutions and enterprises - institutions and enterprises included in the structure of a residential building or other facility.
Residential Education- functional planning formation in the form of: a settlement (village) of low-rise buildings, a complex of low-rise buildings, a group of low-rise buildings.
Individual housing construction- a form of providing citizens with housing through the construction of houses on the right of personal ownership, carried out with the direct participation of citizens or at their expense.
Individual developers ( individuals) - citizens who received, in accordance with the established procedure, a plot of land for the construction of a residential building with outbuildings for running personal subsidiary plots and carrying out this construction either on their own or with the involvement of other persons or construction organizations.
Low-rise residential development - residential development with up to 4 floors inclusive, ensuring, as a rule, a direct connection between apartments and the land plot.
Microcenters - facilities that unite institutions and enterprises of basic necessity and minimum capacity to serve small settlements.
Public service- providing residents with necessary services; in areas of low-rise residential development, as a rule, daily services are organized, providing residents with essential services, and in some cases - periodic services, providing services of weekly and less frequent demand.
Community Center- a territory for the primary placement of service facilities and the implementation of various social processes (communication, recreation, trade, etc.). The public center has boundaries and a target mode functional purpose established by urban planning documentation.
Single-family residential building - a residential building intended for single-family residence and having an adjacent plot.
Apartment area- a plot of land adjacent to the apartment (house), with direct access to it.
Social infrastructure- a complex of service objects and relationships between them, ground-based and remote, within an urban planning formation (territory, settlement, group of settlements, etc.).
Territory of low-rise housing construction- part of the residential territory of the settlement or the settlement as a whole. Designed to accommodate low-rise residential buildings, social infrastructure facilities, engineering and transport communications.
Manor residential house- single-apartment house with an adjacent plot, buildings, for subsidiary farming.

Valid Editorial from 30.12.1999

Name of document	"PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION OF LOW-RISE HOUSING CONSTRUCTION TERRITORIES. CODE OF RULES FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION. SP 30-102-99" (approved by Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation dated December 30, 1999 N 94)
Document type	decree, rules
Receiving authority	Gosstroy of the Russian Federation
Document number	SP 30-102-99
Acceptance date	01.01.1970
Revision date	30.12.1999
Date of registration with the Ministry of Justice	01.01.1970
Status	valid
Publication	At the time of inclusion in the database, the document was not published
Navigator	Notes

"PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION OF LOW-RISE HOUSING CONSTRUCTION TERRITORIES. CODE OF RULES FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION. SP 30-102-99" (approved by Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation dated December 30, 1999 N 94)

unacceptable for construction.

4.1.3 The areas of low-rise housing construction should be classified in accordance with Table 1.

4.1.4 When placing and planning organization of the territory of low-rise housing construction, the requirements for:

environmental protection;

protecting the territory from noise and exhaust gases from transport highways, electrical and electromagnetic radiation, and from radon emitted from the ground.

4.1.5 Comprehensive measures to protect nature and improve the environment from harmful impacts associated with economic and other activities should be provided in accordance with regulations governing environmental activities.

4.1.6 Insolation of territories and premises of low-rise buildings should provide a continuous 3-hour duration in the spring-summer period or a total 3.5-hour duration.

In mixed development or when low-rise buildings are located in difficult urban planning conditions, it is allowed to reduce the normalized insolation to 2.5 hours.

The required standard duration of insolation must be justified by calculations by a licensed organization at the stage of the development project and detailed design.

4.1.7 Garbage removal from areas of low-rise residential buildings, as a rule, should be carried out by removing household waste from areas with containers, the distance from which to the boundaries of residential buildings, children's institutions, and green areas should be set at least 50, but not more than 100 m.

4.1.8 To ensure fire extinguishing of individual buildings in the areas of low-rise housing construction, hydrants should be provided.

Water consumption for fire extinguishing for the calculation of street ring networks and distribution lines should be taken according to table. , SNiP 2.04.02.

4.1.9 If it is impossible or impractical to provide fire extinguishing for individual buildings from hydrants, it is allowed to provide it from tanks or reservoirs in accordance with Note 1 to clause 2.11. SNiP 2.04.02.

4.1.10 Minimum fire distances between buildings (as well as between outer buildings and groups of buildings in apartment areas) should be taken according to table. 1, appendix 1 SNiP 2.07.01.

4.2 ROAD NETWORK

4.2.1 The street and road network of low-rise housing construction areas should be formed in conjunction with the system of streets and roads provided for by the master plan of settlements.

4.2.2 When designing and organizing the road network of low-rise residential areas, it is necessary to take into account:

location of territories in the settlement structure;

type of territory, according to the table. 1 classification;

type of residential building(s);

sizes and configuration of territories.

4.2.3 The planning solution for low-rise residential development must ensure the passage of vehicles to all buildings and structures, including houses located on apartment plots.

4.2.4 The number of traffic lanes on residential streets and driveways should be:

for residential streets - at least 2 lanes;

for travel - 1 lane.

The width of the strips should be 3.5 m.

4.2.5 Passages should be provided with passing platforms with a length of at least 15 m and a width of at least 7 m, including the width of the roadway.

The distance between traveling areas, as well as between traveling areas and intersections, should be no more than 200 m.

The maximum length of a dead-end driveway, according to the requirements of SNiP 2.07.01, should not exceed 150 m. Dead-end driveways are provided with turning areas measuring at least 12 x 12 m. The use of a turning area for parking cars is not allowed.

4.2.6 In the territory of low-rise residential development, as a rule, a 100% provision of parking spaces for storing and parking cars and other vehicles should be provided.

4.2.7 In areas built up with residential buildings with apartment plots (one-two-apartment and multi-apartment blocks), parking should be located within the designated area.

Table 1

Classification of low-rise residential areas with houses with apartment plots

Territory type	The degree of urban development of the territory	Types of residential buildings (number 1-3)	Area of apartment plots, m2 (not less)*		Functional and typological characteristics of the site (except for residence)	Social infrastructure
			in free territories	in built-up areas
A Separate residential formations in the structure of large, large and largest cities		1 One - two-flat houses	450		Gardening or floriculture, children's games, recreation	Selective use of everyday service facilities, compensating for their lack in the surrounding areas of the city. Application of built-in and built-in-attached objects
			250
B Residential formations of rural settlements, small, medium and large cities and towns	Areas free from development, including reserve areas	1 Manor houses, including places of employment	1000	800	Maintaining a developed private household plot**, commercial agricultural production, gardening, vegetable gardening, children's games, recreation	In rural areas - basic periodic maintenance facilities for a group of settlements; daily services in each settlement or residential formation based on a combination of permanent buildings and mobile facilities; use of multifunctional buildings and microcenters. In cities - a complex of everyday service facilities linked to the city center; use of free-standing and built-in-attached objects
		2 One - two-flat houses	600	500	Maintaining a limited private household plot***, gardening, vegetable gardening, children's games, recreation
		3 Blocked apartment buildings	400	350
	Territories with existing buildings****
B Residential formations in the zone of influence of cities (suburban settlements)	Same	1 One - two-flat houses	600	500	Introduction of limited private household plots, gardening, children's games, recreation	An independent complex of daily service facilities with seasonal expansion. The use of microcenters and small-capacity facilities, including built-in ones
		2 Blocked apartment buildings	400	350	Gardening, floriculture, children's games, recreation

* The area of apartment plots of residential buildings in areas with low-rise buildings is determined by the local administration of the constituent entities of the Federation.

** Developed private household plot - personal subsidiary plot with keeping large, small livestock and poultry.

*** Limited private household plot - personal subsidiary plot with small livestock and poultry.

**** In areas with existing development, the reconstruction of the stock of residential and public buildings should be carried out first.

4.2.8 Parking garages serving apartment buildings of various layout structures located in public areas should be accepted in accordance with Table. 10* SNiP 2.07.01.

4.3 ENGINEERING NETWORKS AND STRUCTURES

4.3.1 The selection of design engineering solutions must be made in accordance with the technical specifications for the engineering support of the territory, issued by the relevant authorities responsible for the operation of local engineering networks.

4.3.2 Heating and gas networks, water supply and sewerage pipelines, as a rule, should be laid outside the carriageway of roads in order to avoid possible ruptures in the carriageway area. In some cases, it is allowed to lay them along the territory of apartment plots with the consent of their owners. Laying high-pressure gas networks through low-rise buildings is not permitted.

4.3.3 Heat and gas supply to low-rise residential buildings may be provided both decentralized - from apartment-based autonomous generators, and centralized - from existing or newly designed boiler houses (GRP), with appropriate utilities.

Distances from the gas distribution point to residential buildings should be taken in accordance with clause 5.3 of SNiP 2.04.08.

4.3.4 Water supply to low-rise buildings should be carried out from centralized systems for apartment buildings in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.02 and can be arranged autonomously - for one-two-apartment buildings from shaft and shallow-tube wells, captages, springs in accordance with the project.

4.3.5 Input of water supply into one- or two-apartment buildings is permitted if there is a connection to a centralized sewerage system or if there is a local sewerage system.

4.3.6 It is allowed to provide for one- or two-apartment residential buildings the installation of local treatment facilities with a wastewater flow rate of no more than 3 m3/day.

4.3.7 Water consumption for irrigation of apartment areas of low-rise buildings should be taken up to 10 l/m2 per day; At the same time, installation of meters should be provided at water intake devices.

4.3.8. The power supply of low-rise buildings should be designed in accordance with PUE (Rules for Electrical Installations) and RD 34.20.185.

4.3.9. The power of TP transformers for power supply of low-rise buildings should be taken according to calculation.

4.3.10 The 0.38 kV network should be carried out using overhead (OHL) or cable (CL) lines, as a rule, according to an open branched circuit or a loop circuit in open mode with single-transformer transformer transformers.

4.3.11 The routes of overhead lines and cable lines of 0.38 kV must pass outside the boundaries of the apartment areas, be accessible for access to the overhead line supports by service vehicles and allow unhindered excavation of cable lines.

The required gaps should be taken in accordance with the PUE (Electrical Installation Rules).

4.3.12 Branches from the 0.38 kV line to the building can be made:

from overhead lines - with insulated wires, self-supporting wires, cable on a rope, cable in the ground;

From cable lines laid in the ground by installing a cable branch box outside the apartment areas.

4.3.13 The input and distribution panel (IDB) must be installed inside a multi-apartment residential building in accordance with Ch. 7.1 PUE. It is allowed, in agreement with the energy supply organization, to install a control switchboard on the territory of the apartment area in an appropriate climatic and vandal-proof design.

When installing an input panel in a building (outside or inside), a disconnecting device must be installed on the outer part of the wall at the input at a height of 2.5 m in a sealed box, accessible only to the energy supply organization.

4.3.14 In low-rise development areas, the following should be provided: telephone communications, three-program radio broadcasting, television broadcasting, centralized fire and security alarm systems, and an automated dispatch control system.

4.4 ENGINEERING PREPARATION AND PROTECTION OF TERRITORIES

4.4.1 Measures for engineering preparation and protection of territories must be determined by the master plan and related to natural conditions, and must also be regulated by the choice of planning, design and engineering solutions for development.

4.4.2 To eliminate or reduce the technogenic impact of low-rise buildings on natural conditions, it is necessary to provide preventive measures:

maximum preservation of the natural topography with the provision of a surface water drainage system;

the minimum density of the network of underground utility networks and their uniform distribution over the area.

4.4.3 Areas in which low-rise housing construction is not permitted include zones of active manifestations of geological processes (landslides, screes, karsts, avalanches, mudflows, etc.).

5 RESIDENTIAL PROVISIONS 5.1 General provisions

5.1.1 Low-rise residential buildings include buildings with a height of up to 3 floors inclusive.

5.1.2 Residential formations in low-rise housing construction areas should, as a rule, consist of single-family and semi-detached residential buildings (with apartment plots).

It is allowed to use sectional type houses and others (up to 4 floors in height) with urban planning regulations in accordance with SNiP 2.07.01.

5.2 TYPES OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

5.2.1 In individual construction, the main type of house is single-family. In addition to single-apartment houses, blocked houses are used, including two-apartment houses, with apartment plots for each apartment.

5.2.2 The main types of housing for municipal construction should be multi-apartment blocks, sectional type houses with apartment areas or courtyards in front of some apartments.

5.2.3 Based on the level of living, the designed housing should be divided into two main categories:

social housing for municipal construction with standardized upper limits of apartment areas (according to SNiP 2.08-01);

Housing for individual construction with standardized lower limits of apartment areas.

Types of apartments and their areas are presented in Appendix A.

5.2.4 In urban, suburban and rural settlements, for families engaged in individual labor activities, residential buildings with a place of employment should be used (a doctor’s house, a craftsman’s house, a house of a seller of everyday goods, a farmer’s house, etc.).

The design of houses with plumbing, repair, blacksmith shops and similar premises is permitted subject to the necessary hygienic, environmental, fire and sanitary requirements, and with the approval of the relevant state supervision services.

5.2.5 The housing needs of the population must be met not only through new construction, but also through the modernization and reconstruction of low-rise residential buildings that have retained their material value (see Table 1, footnotes).

5.3 PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF APARTMENT AREA

5.3.1 Limit sizes of land plots for manor houses, one-two-apartment and multi-apartment blocked residential buildings are established by local governments in accordance with territorial building codes, depending on the type of house and other local features.

The boundaries, areas and mode of use of land plots in multi-apartment residential buildings are determined by urban planning documentation, taking into account the legislation of the Russian Federation and regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The minimum areas of apartment plots for different types of residential buildings are given in table. 1.

5.3.2 A manor house, one or two-apartment house must be at least 5 m from the red line of streets, and at least 3 m from the red line of driveways. The distance from outbuildings to the red lines of streets and driveways must be at least 5 m .

5.3.3 In rural settlements and in areas of low-rise buildings in cities and suburban settlements (where keeping livestock is permitted), it is allowed to provide outbuildings for keeping livestock and poultry, storing feed, equipment, fuel and other household needs, bathhouses, and also utility entrances and cattle runs. The composition and area of outbuildings and buildings for individual work activities are taken in accordance with regional characteristics and design assignments.

5.3.4 To the border of the neighboring apartment plot, the distances for sanitary conditions must be no less than: from a manor house, one-two-apartment and semi-detached house - 3 m, taking into account the requirements of clause 4.1.5 of this Code of Rules; from buildings for keeping livestock and poultry - 4 m; from other buildings (bathhouse, garage, etc.) - 1 m; from the trunks of tall trees -4 m; medium height - 2 m; from the bush - 1 m.

5.3.5 Buildings for keeping livestock and poultry may only be attached to one- or two-apartment manor houses if they are isolated from living rooms by at least three utility rooms; in this case, premises for livestock and poultry must have an isolated external entrance located no closer than 7 m from the entrance to the house.

5.3.6 When constructing garages (including attached ones) in the ground and basement floors of one-two-story manor houses, single-apartment and semi-detached houses (in manor houses, one-two-apartment houses and on the ground floor), their design is allowed without complying with the standards for the design of service enterprises cars.

5.3.7 In rural settlements and in low-rise suburban areas, outbuildings for livestock and poultry may be allocated outside residential areas for residents of apartment buildings. For apartment buildings, it is allowed to install built-in or free-standing collective storage facilities for agricultural products, the area of which is determined by the design assignment.

5.3.8 In areas built up with manor houses, one- and two-apartment houses, the distance from the windows of living rooms to the walls of the neighboring house and outbuildings (barn, garage, bathhouse) located on adjacent land plots must be at least 6 m,

6 INSTITUTIONS AND SERVICE ENTERPRISES 6.1 General provisions

6.1.1 Institutions and enterprises serving the population in low-rise development areas in urban, suburban and rural settlements should be located taking into account the type of settlement, the size of the population served and the general urban planning situation, including the proximity of other service facilities and the organization of transport connections, providing, as a rule, the formation community centers, linked to a network of streets, roads and pedestrian paths.

For people with disabilities, it is necessary to provide access, including in wheelchairs, to public buildings and structures, taking into account the requirements of VSN 62-91.

6.2 ORGANIZATION OF SERVICE IN LOW-RISE DEVELOPMENT TERRITORIES IN VARIOUS TYPES OF SETTLEMENTS

6.2.1 In accordance with the classification of territories (see Table 1), low-rise construction is located in the form of separate residential formations in the structure of cities - from large to largest, as well as in residential formations of small, medium and large cities, suburban and rural settlements, which determines differences in the organization of services for their population.

In cities and suburban settlements, the list of institutions for daily maintenance of low-rise residential areas, as a rule, should include the following facilities:

preschool institutions, secondary schools, a sports and leisure complex, outpatient clinics, pharmacy kiosks, retail and household facilities, a communications office, a Sberbank branch, a stronghold for law enforcement, an administrative self-government center, as well as sites (sports, recreation, field services , children's games). At the same time, in a suburban area, it is necessary to take into account the seasonal expansion of stationary facilities.

In rural areas, it is necessary to provide for the division of institutions and service enterprises into essential facilities in each settlement, starting with 50 residents, and basic facilities of a higher level for a group of settlements located in the center of local government (rural district, volost, etc.). In addition to stationary buildings, it is necessary to use mobile equipment and seasonal structures.

6.2.2 When calculating the number and capacity of institutions and service enterprises and their location, one should proceed from the need to meet the needs of various socio-demographic groups of the population.

In cities and suburban settlements, for approximate calculations of the number and capacity of institutions and enterprises serving low-rise buildings and their areas, it is allowed to take the indicators given in Appendix B. In rural areas, for approximate calculations of the capacity of objects and the size of their plots, it is allowed to take the indicators of Appendix 7 of SNiP 2.07. 01.

6.2.3 The placement of institutions and service enterprises in low-rise residential areas should be carried out:

A) in cities and suburban settlements - taking into account the accessibility radii no more than those indicated in the table. 2.

Table 2

Pedestrian accessibility radii of service facilities

Institutions and enterprises serving the population	Service radii, m
Preschools	500
Secondary schools:	750
for primary classes	500
Premises for sports, recreational and leisure activities	800
Outpatient clinics	1000
Pharmacies	800
Retail and consumer services enterprises for everyday use	800
Post office and Sberbank, stronghold for law enforcement	800
Center for Administrative Self-Government	1200

When locating service facilities, it is necessary to take into account the institutions and enterprises located in neighboring territories while observing the standard accessibility radii (except for preschool institutions and primary schools, the approach routes to which should not cross the roadway);

b) in rural areas, provision of essential services to residents of each settlement should be carried out within walking distance of no more than 30 minutes. (2-2.5 km); at the same time, the placement of institutions of a higher level of service, including periodic ones, must be provided within the boundaries of municipalities with pedestrian and transport accessibility of no more than 60 minutes.

Regional restrictions on service radii, accessibility of medical institutions in rural areas and traffic safety requirements for primary school students are adopted according to clause 5.4 of SNiP 2.07.01.

6.2.4 Distances from buildings and boundaries of land plots in terms of preschool institutions and secondary schools should be taken according to clause 5.5 of SNiP 2.07.01.

6.3 PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY CENTERS

6.3.1 The public center of the territory of low-rise housing construction is intended to accommodate primarily cultural facilities, retail and consumer services, administrative, sports, recreational and leisure buildings and structures.

The list of development objects in the center may include multi-apartment residential buildings with service facilities.

In a public center, a system of interconnected space-platforms (for recreation, sports, receiving outreach services) and pedestrian paths should be formed.

Within the public center, general parking for vehicles should be provided at the rate of: per 100 one-time visitors - 7-10 parking spaces and 15-20 bicycles and mopeds.

6.3.2 In small towns and suburban settlements in areas of low-rise residential development, the use of small enterprises is allowed, the location of which is agreed upon with state supervisory authorities. In rural settlements, it is allowed to locate small enterprises, including those combining services and production of services, which do not require the construction of sanitary protection zones larger than 50 m.

6.3.3 The development of a public center in a low-rise construction area can be formed either by separate buildings, or by institutions and enterprises, which together, thanks to the methods of cooperation and blocking, form multifunctional public service complexes, as well as by objects included in the structure of a residential building.

The design of public buildings and structures should be carried out in accordance with SNiP 2.08.02.

6.3.4 Compared to free-standing public buildings, the calculated site area indicators for buildings should be reduced: attached by 25%, built-in and attached - up to 50% (with the exception of preschool institutions).

6.3.5 To organize services in the areas of low-rise housing construction, it is permitted to locate institutions and enterprises using an individual form of activity - a kindergarten, a store, a cafe, a health and leisure center, a hairdresser, a photo studio, etc., built into low-rise residential buildings , with accommodation mainly on the 1st and ground floors. In this case, the total area of built-in institutions should not exceed 150 m2. The mentioned institutions and enterprises may have central significance and be located in the central part of the settlement or residential formation. When establishing built-in workshops for car repair and rental, repair of household appliances, as well as premises for funeral services, such facilities should be located on the outskirts of the settlement. The construction of built-in enterprises that are harmful to public health (X-ray machines, building materials stores, mosquito and chemical stores, etc.) in low-rise buildings is not allowed.

Built-in public institutions must have entrances isolated from the residential part of the building. The site of the built-in institution should be divided into residential and public parts, with a zone for visitors and a utility yard located in the latter. Parking for vehicles must be provided before entering the building.

6.3.6 The service needs of the population must be met through both new construction and reconstruction of existing facilities, especially in rural areas and suburban settlements.

Application

APPENDIX B
(Required)

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

Basic facilities are institutions and enterprises that organize and provide periodic services to a group of settlements within the boundaries of the local government territory.

A blocked residential building is a house consisting of two or more apartments, each of which has direct access to its own apartment area.

Built-in, built-in-attached and attached institutions and enterprises - institutions and enterprises included in the structure of a residential building or other facility.

Residential formation is a functional planning formation in the form of: a settlement (village) of low-rise buildings, a complex of low-rise buildings, a group of sites of low-rise buildings.

Individual housing construction is a form of providing citizens with housing through the construction of houses on the right of personal ownership, carried out with the direct participation of citizens or at their expense.

Individual developers (individuals) are citizens who, in accordance with the established procedure, have received a plot of land for the construction of a residential building with outbuildings for personal farming and carry out this construction either on their own or with the involvement of other persons or construction organizations.

Low-rise residential development - residential development with up to 4 floors inclusive, ensuring, as a rule, a direct connection between apartments and the land plot.

Microcenters are facilities that unite institutions and enterprises of basic necessity and minimum capacity to serve small settlements.

Public service - providing residents with necessary services; in areas of low-rise residential development, as a rule, daily services are organized, providing residents with essential services, and in some cases - periodic services, providing services of weekly and less frequent demand.

A public center is a territory for the primary placement of service facilities and the implementation of various social processes (communication, recreation, trade, etc.). A public center has boundaries and a regime of target functionality established by urban planning documentation.

A single-family residential building is a residential building intended for living by one family and having an adjacent plot.

Apartment plot - a plot of land adjacent to an apartment (house), with direct access to it.

Social infrastructure is a complex of service objects and relationships between them, on-ground and remote, within an urban planning formation (territory, settlement, group of settlements, etc.).

The territory of low-rise housing construction is part of the residential territory of the settlement or the settlement as a whole. Designed to accommodate low-rise residential buildings, social infrastructure facilities, engineering and transport communications.

Manor residential building - a single-apartment house, a house with an adjacent plot, buildings, for subsidiary farming.

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"PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION OF LOW-RISE HOUSING CONSTRUCTION TERRITORIES. CODE OF RULES FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION. SP 30-102-99" (approved by Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation dated December 30, 1999 N 94)

1 DEVELOPED BY TsNIIEPgrazhdanstroy

2 REVIEWED AND APPROVED by the Department of Urban Planning, Infrastructure and Territorial Development of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Construction and Housing and Communal Sector (Minutes No. 01-NS-15/8 dated August 17, 1999 of the joint meeting of the sections “Urban Planning” and “Architecture” of the STC of Gosstroy Russia and the Expert Council of the Glavgosexpertiza of Russia)

3 ADOPTED by the State Construction Committee of Russia (resolution dated December 30, 1999 N 94)

4 ENTERED INTO EFFECT (order of TsNIIEPgrazhdanstroy dated November 24, 1999, N 80 T) from January 1, 2000.

5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

1.1 This regulatory document of the system establishes requirements for the development of low-rise housing construction areas, both as part and as an independent planning structure of urban, rural and other settlements, developed in accordance with current standards and approved master plans of settlements.

SNiP 2.01.01-82. Construction climatology and geophysics