Content
Many people believe that during breastfeeding it is impossible to get pregnant. Indeed, the chance of conception is much less, however, the possibility of fertilization of the egg is not completely excluded. Therefore, for all women who have recently given birth, the issue of contraception after childbirth becomes relevant. More details about the features and methods of protection later in the article.
Features of contraception in the postpartum period
If a girl categorically refuses to use contraception after childbirth, she should know under what conditions the possibility of pregnancy is practically zero. There are several such conditions:
- Breastfeeding begins immediately after birth.
- The child should be breastfed only without complementary foods or formula.
- Breastfeeding should be as frequent as possible: at least every 3 hours during the day, and at night at intervals of 6 hours.
- Lack of menstruation.
- No more than six months have passed since the birth.
Even compliance with all these conditions does not provide a 100% guarantee. And early pregnancy prevents breastfeeding. In addition, there is a high likelihood of complications developing.
The simplest option for contraception after pregnancy is the use of condoms. It not only prevents unwanted re-pregnancy, but also protects against infectious diseases. But sometimes using a condom is not suitable for partners. There may be many reasons for this: discomfort due to vaginal dryness, dulling of natural sensations. Therefore, more attention should be paid to contraception for women after childbirth.
Modern methods of contraception for women after childbirth
Contraceptives that a girl uses after childbirth must have several properties:
- effectively protect against re-fertilization of the egg;
- have some activity against sexually transmitted infections;
- be absolutely safe for women and children;
- do not have a significant effect on hormonal levels.
The vast majority of modern types of contraception for women after childbirth have these properties.
Birth control pills after childbirth
The action of the tablets is based on changes in the level of hormones in the blood. This prevents the follicle from maturing in the ovary and the release of the egg. Also, under the influence of these drugs, the structure of the layer of the uterus (endometrium), which is located closer to its cavity, changes, due to which the egg cannot attach to the wall of this organ.
A feature of postpartum hormonal contraceptives is that they must contain only the hormone progesterone, without estrogen. Then the drug will not harm breastfeeding.
When can you take birth control pills after giving birth?
Doctors allow me to start drinking birth control pills 4 weeks after birth for non-breastfeeding mothers, and at least 6 weeks for breastfeeding mothers.
How to take birth control pills after childbirth
Oral contraceptives must be taken strictly on schedule. The woman drinks them every day, almost at the same time. A difference of one hour is acceptable. The daily dose is one tablet.
Warning! Breaks are not allowed!
It is necessary to adhere to these rules, since to prevent pregnancy a constant increased amount of the hormone in the body must be maintained.
Which birth control pills are best to take after childbirth?
Among all the abundance of contraception, preference should be given to drugs called “mini-pills”. To these medicines include:
- "Femulen";
- "Continuin";
- "Exluton";
- "Charozetta."
Their peculiarity is that they contain only a hormone called gestagen, or progesterone. It does not change the composition of breast milk, and is also not transmitted to the baby during breastfeeding. The amount of hormone in the “mini-pill” is less than in standard progestin tablets, which causes their lower effectiveness.
Advice! For the best effect, you should combine “mini-pills” and barrier methods of contraception.
“Mini-pills” are made specifically for mothers who are breastfeeding. They are also suitable for women during menopause (over 45 years of age). Taking the medicine by non-breastfeeding girls of reproductive age leads to severe menstrual irregularities.
Despite their high effectiveness, the use of oral contraceptives after childbirth has a number of disadvantages:
- do not provide protection against infectious diseases;
- the need to take pills strictly on schedule;
- may cause unwanted side reactions: nausea and vomiting;
- can affect the frequency and abundance of menstruation;
- Skipping even one dose of medication significantly reduces the effectiveness of the drug.
Intrauterine device
Another effective method of contraception is the intrauterine device (IUD). It does not affect the amount of progesterone in any way, and therefore does not cause the development of unpleasant side effects, does not distort the menstrual cycle.
If you had a natural birth without complications, you can insert the IUD after 6 weeks.
The main contraindication to inserting an IUD after childbirth is delivery by cesarean section. After this surgical intervention, a scar remains on the uterus. Constantly impacting it from the inside with a foreign object, such as an intrauterine device, can lead to rupture of this scar. The use of IUDs is also contraindicated in other pathological conditions:
- endometriosis – growth of the endometrium in places where it should not normally be;
- endometritis - inflammation of the inner lining of the uterine wall;
- severe heart and vascular diseases.
If a woman decides to use an IUD as a contraceptive after childbirth, its installation and removal should be entrusted to a gynecologist. You also need to go for a preventive examination twice a year, since wearing an IUD increases the risk of inflammation of the genital organs.
Barrier methods of contraception after childbirth
There are several barrier methods of contraception for women after childbirth:
- diaphragm;
- cap.
Installing a cap or diaphragm does not affect breastfeeding in any way. The peculiarity of contraception after childbirth using these methods is that you should choose larger size due to expansion of the birth canal. For the first time, the installation of the diaphragm and cap should be carried out by a gynecologist. You can start using them 6 weeks after birth.
Chemical contraceptives
Spermicides are drugs that have the ability to destroy sperm. They also have activity against pathogens of infectious diseases. They are considered one of the least effective contraceptives in preventing pregnancy. Therefore, it is better to use them in combination with tablet drugs.
Injectable contraceptives
Injections are another form of contraception with gestagens, which are recommended for use after childbirth. This drug is called Depo-Provera. It is administered intramuscularly every two months. Just like taking pills, injections should be regular. This is the only way to achieve high efficiency of the method.
Injectable or tablet contraceptives, together with barrier methods, are recommended for use as contraception after cesarean section. These drugs do not irritate the uterus from the inside, and therefore cannot lead to its rupture.
Obstetricians and gynecologists recommend that women use protection even during breastfeeding. In this case, it is advisable to use two methods simultaneously. This will increase effectiveness in protecting against recurrent pregnancy and prevent sexual transmission of infections.
Doctors call the latest generation of contraception subcutaneous implants, which are installed on the inner surface of the shoulder. They contain a gestagen, which is constantly released in small doses. A one-time installation of such an implant prevents the development of pregnancy for three years.
Conclusion
Contraception after childbirth should be a matter of utmost importance for a new mother. Early repeated pregnancy is a risk for both the already born baby and the mother and unborn child. Therefore, regarding contraception after childbirth, a woman should consult with her obstetrician-gynecologist already during pregnancy in order to choose the optimal contraception option.
About 4 weeks after giving birth, the woman begins to be sexually active again. Of course, you need to take care in advance about choosing a contraceptive. Your doctor should choose the right remedy and tell you all the details. Nowadays there are a lot of different modern methods contraception for women who have given birth. The main thing is to choose the right one for you.
Why use protection after childbirth?
Contrary to popular belief that you cannot get pregnant while breastfeeding, this is not true. While a woman is breastfeeding, the likelihood of getting pregnant, although reduced, is quite small. The production of hormones that cause ovulation is suppressed during regular breastfeeding (every 4 hours and at night). This leads to a temporary absence of menstruation. This period is called lactational amenorrhea. However, this does not protect against unwanted pregnancy. Therefore, postpartum contraception is mandatory, even if the menstrual cycle has not yet returned.
Types of contraceptives for women after childbirth
Contraception in the postpartum period is not limited to the use of condoms and natural methods protection. Now we will look at all the means in more detail.
Barrier contraceptives
These include condoms, femidoms, diaphragms and spermicides.
- a universal remedy. Sold in every pharmacy, they are relatively inexpensive, with correct use their effectiveness is up to 95%. The main thing is to choose the right brand, because... After giving birth, sensations may change.
Extremely poorly distributed in the Russian Federation.
Diaphragms quite popular among married couples abroad. But in Russia they did not receive such recognition. When using this method, it is worth considering that the size of your aperture may change. Therefore, you should definitely consult a gynecologist.
Spermicides Available in the form of tablets, suppositories, foam aerosols, tablets, solutions. They destroy sperm before they enter the uterus and protect against many sexually transmitted diseases (STIs), but their frequent use can negatively affect the vaginal environment.
Hormonal contraceptives
Hormonal contraceptives, in turn, are divided into oral (pills), injectable and subcutaneous (implants).
Mini-pill(pills containing only one progestogen hormone) must be taken daily without breaks at the same time. Efficiency up to 98%. You can start using it as early as 6 weeks after birth.
COOK(combined oral contraceptives) consist of two synthetic hormones: estrogen and progestogen (gestagen), in different combinations. Suppress ovulation, thicken cervical mucus, prevent the passage of sperm, changes the endometrium (suppresses proliferation), which prevents implantation. Almost the same changes in a woman’s body occur at early stages pregnancy, this is completely natural for the body.
The tablets are taken in regular cycles: 21 days the tablet is crushed at the same time, 7 days off when taking monophasic drugs, without breaks, or according to a schedule when using triphasic COCs. Can be used no earlier than 21 days after birth.
Injections(contraceptive injections) contain either one hormone (progestogen) or a combination of hormones (akin to COCs). They are done intramuscularly into the arm or buttock. The principle of action is the same as that of tablets. Efficiency is almost 100%. You can start using this method no earlier than 6 weeks after birth.
Implants are injected subcutaneously into the inner surface of the shoulder. Silicone semi-permeable capsules contain the hormone gestagen, which is slowly released into the blood over five years. The capsule can be administered 6 weeks after birth. Efficiency is almost 100%.
Intrauterine devices (IUD)
IUDs can be either hormonal or mechanical. Efficiency up to 90%. The IUD does not affect milk production in any way. In the absence of contraindications, it can be installed as early as 6 weeks after birth.
Sterilization (surgical contraception)
This method is irreversible, therefore it is used only for women who have given birth (having at least two children) at least 35 years old with their written consent. Please note that this method will not protect you from STDs.
Emergency contraception
EC can be used no more than once a month! This method should not be used on on an ongoing basis. It's better to choose something safer.
Natural Methods
This includes:
- Temperature method
- Cervical method
- Coitus interruptus
The disadvantage of the first three is that after childbirth the cycle is unstable. The effectiveness of the methods will be very low. Interrupted sexual intercourse is also a rather unreliable way to protect against conception. In addition, none of the listed methods will protect you from sexually transmitted diseases (infections).
Conclusions
The best method of contraception after childbirth is a purely individual choice. You must choose it based on your feelings, advice and doctor’s prescriptions, and also take into account the wishes of your partner. Contraception in the postpartum period is a responsibility, so you should not approach this issue carelessly.
The postpartum period is a high risk factor for the occurrence of unplanned pregnancy. Therefore, the topic of which contraceptives are better after childbirth is one of the important areas in obstetrics and gynecology.
Relevance of the topic
The period after pregnancy and childbirth is unique, since the function of all systems and organs is restored. The possibility of another pregnancy as a result of restoration of the hormonal function of the ovaries is influenced by many factors - nutrition, time elapsed after childbirth, duration of breastfeeding, etc.
The processes of reverse development (involution) of the internal genital organs begin to occur almost immediately: the cervical canal is completely restored on the 10th day, and its pharynx closes by the 3rd - 4th week, by the 6th - 7th the endometrium of the cavity is restored uterus, and by the 8th week the mucous membrane in the area where the placenta is attached regenerates. During this period of involution, abstinence from sexual intercourse is recommended to prevent infection.
The period for restoration of menstrual function for women who breastfeed is on average six months, for others - from 4 to 6 months. Often menstrual cycles occur without ovulation, but in 40-80% of women the first menstruation is preceded by ovulation.
Many women, even the vast majority (95%), remain sexually active after childbirth. From 10 to 28% already during the first year go to medical institutions for the purpose of artificial termination of pregnancy, and only 35% are committed to another pregnancy.
Various methods of contraception after childbirth (by the end of the second month) become especially important. Research results indicate that the optimal period between births for a woman and fetus is 3-5 years. A shorter interval contributes to complications of the perinatal period, increasing maternal and child mortality.
Methods of contraception after childbirth
In most cases, women in the postpartum period begin to be sexually active after 1.5 months, regardless of whether it was a natural birth or by caesarean section, and regardless of the type of feeding - breast or artificial.
Without using contraceptive methods, the risk of an unplanned new pregnancy is quite high. The correct choice of contraception method is very important for maintaining a woman’s health. However, the difficulty is that any type of postpartum contraception is not universal, and the onset of menstruation is not an early and reliable sign of restoration of the ovulatory period. The choice of a particular method of contraception is influenced by many factors, the main one of which is the absence or presence of breastfeeding.
Methods of contraception and contraceptives during breastfeeding (breastfeeding) differ from protection during mixed feeding or without it at all. In the latter case, the use of contraception should be started within 21 days of the postpartum period after consultation with a gynecologist, and when planning drug suppression of lactation, for example, at the request of the woman or due to HIV infection, a week after birth. This is explained by the fact that suppression of lactation is associated with the use of drugs that cause accelerated restoration of the pituitary gland's secretion of gonadotropic hormones and, accordingly, ovulation.
The choice of a particular method of protection is influenced by many factors. Factors such as:
- the possible impact of the selected contraceptive on the processes of lactation and child development (with breastfeeding);
- the wishes and age of the woman, the presence of concomitant diseases;
- possibility of occurrence side effect or complications;
- individual effectiveness of the method of protection.
The presence of a large selection of methods allows you to use them and various contraceptives after childbirth. These methods include:
- Methods of natural contraception, taking into account the results of studies of mucus from cervical canal, calendar method, measuring temperature in the rectum (rectal, or basal temperature).
- Abstinence method, or abstaining from sexual intercourse naturally.
- MLA - lactation method.
- Non-hormonal methods of contraception, which are intrauterine and barrier devices.
- Combined hormonal contraception.
Natural contraception
It is devoid of negative factors, but its effectiveness is very low (50%) even if all recommendations for its implementation are correctly followed. This is explained by the difficulty of correctly interpreting the results of studies that were carried out with the mucus of the cervical canal until the regularity of the menstrual cycle was restored, changes basal temperature when the mother is awake during periods of feeding at night or when the child is restless, it is difficult to determine calendar method timing of the resumption of menstruation and ovulation, etc.
Withdrawal method
Can be used at any time. It is the most effective and does not affect breastfeeding. However, for many it is unacceptable due to the difficulty of tolerating the lack of full-fledged sexual relationships, and therefore can only be used as an intermediate method of protection.
The safest method of contraception and quite effective under the following conditions:
- The newborn is less than six months old.
- Daytime intervals between feedings are less than 4 hours, nighttime intervals are up to 6 hours. According to some authors, this time should not exceed 3 hours throughout the day, due to the 3-hour half-life of the hormone prolactin.
- Lack of onset of menstruation. If bleeding occurred after childbirth, ended and started again before the 56th day of the postpartum period, then it is not considered menstruation, but is considered as a separate case of postpartum recovery.
- Complete or predominantly breastfeeding; the latter means that the newborn receives mother's milk in a volume of at least 85% of all products taken, which do not replace the volume of breast milk. These products can be vitamins, water, juices or other liquids.
The main mechanism of action of this method, which is quite suitable for nursing mothers, is to constantly maintain a high level of prolactin in the blood and reduce the concentration of pituitary gonadotropic hormones. This happens due to constant secretory function mammary glands, which intensifies as a result of regular irritation of the nipples while feeding the baby. The consequence of all this is a slowdown in the cyclic processes occurring in the ovaries, which means a slowdown in the maturation and growth of the egg.
The advantages of using MLA are:
- independence from sexual intercourse;
- accessibility for all breastfeeding women;
- no complications or side effects;
- high percentage (98%) of contraceptive effectiveness within 6 months after childbirth;
- faster processes of involution of the internal genital organs;
- long-term passive immunization of the baby with immunoglobulins from mother's milk and reducing the likelihood of allergic reactions in him, due to the exclusion of foreign foods;
- economic benefit.
The disadvantages of the method include:
- the need to always be with the baby and strictly observe the time and volume of feeding, which causes some inconvenience if there is a lack of breast milk or if it is necessary to professional activity or study;
- short duration of the possibility of protection from unplanned pregnancy: no more than six months after the birth of the child or until the menstrual cycle returns;
- inability to protect against sexually transmitted infections, as well as the hepatitis B virus, immunodeficiency, etc.
In addition, MLA is a short-term method of preventing unwanted pregnancy, and a woman should always be prepared for the fact that she will have to resort to using other methods, for example, taking oral contraceptives. Pregnancy with MLA is possible in the following cases:
- Restoration of menstruation. Even in cases where spotting after 56 days of the postpartum period does not completely resemble menstruation, a woman should perceive it as a sign of a possible restoration of pregnancy.
- Started feeding the baby.
- Any changes in feeding regimen.
- The child is more than six months old even in the absence of menstruation.
The use of other methods of contraception may affect the quantity and quality of breast milk. Therefore, it requires contacting a gynecologist for advice.
Intrauterine and barrier contraceptives after childbirth
The first includes (IUD), which can be inserted no later than two days after birth. In this case, the procedure is considered quite safe. If this was not carried out within the specified period, then the spiral can be inserted after 6 - 8 weeks of the postpartum period. The main negative properties are the possibility of spontaneous prolapse of the IUD and the high risk of developing inflammatory processes in the pelvis.
Barrier methods of birth control include mainly polyurethane and latex male condoms (their effectiveness is 85%), as well as spermicidal tablets, vaginal films, gels and foams. The effectiveness of spermicides is about 70%. Female condoms, cervical caps and diaphragms are less common.
The greatest popularity of condoms is associated with the lack of influence on the woman’s body, lactation and the quality of breast milk, and the prevention of infection with infections that can be sexually transmitted. In addition, condoms treated with a special sliding material (lubricant) are the method of choice for women with dry vaginal mucosa, which often occurs in nursing mothers.
- high risk of HIV infection (when using a diaphragm or spermicides);
- history of toxic shock as a result of diaphragm use;
- latex allergies when using latex diaphragms or condoms.
Combined hormonal contraception (CHC)
It is based on the use of estrogens and progesterone in various ratios and doses. At the same time, they are able to change the composition and quality of milk, as well as suppress its secretion. Therefore, the use of this method is possible in cases of artificial feeding of a newborn or six months after birth.
When artificial feeding, hormonal contraceptives are prescribed after three weeks of the postpartum period, when the blood coagulation system is completely restored. This is due to the fact that drugs in this group have the ability to increase blood clotting and the formation of blood clots in the veins and arteries.
KGC funds include:
- Combined oral contraceptive (COC) tablets for daily use. They are sometimes used for treatment purposes (PCOS). Therefore, in rare cases of pregnancy and its successful completion with childbirth, contraception after childbirth with PCOS can be combined with its treatment by using COCs.
- The weekly treatment is the “EVRA” contraceptive skin patch, which is changed once a week.
- Hormonal contraceptive vaginal ring “Nuva Ring”, which a woman independently changes once a month.
For postpartum contraception, progestogen agents can also be used, the active components of which are synthetic analogues of sex hormones of the corpus luteum. They do not suppress the ovulation process. In addition, they do not contain an estrogen component that affects the secretion of breast milk. The mechanism of their action is based on changes in the properties and composition of the mucus of the cervical canal, the morphological structure of the endometrium of the uterus and on impaired peristalsis (slowing) of the fallopian tubes.
Progestogens are used from the 6th – 7th week with intermittent breastfeeding or with the introduction of complementary foods, and in the absence of breastfeeding - immediately after childbirth. These means include:
- oral “mini-pill” drugs - microluti exluton;
- Lactinet, or desogestrel, the effect of which, unlike the “mini-pill,” is comparable to COCs;
- long-acting injectable preparations such as “Depo-Provera”;
- injection implants in the form of capsules like “Norplant” (also long-acting);
- hormonal intrauterine device “Mirena” containing the synthetic progestogen levonorgestrel.
Thus, the presence of a wide variety of methods and means of postpartum contraception makes it possible to use them taking into account the condition of the child, mother and lactation period.
After childbirth, gynecologists prohibit sexual intercourse for at least six weeks. After this period, the woman must visit the doctor. During the examination, the doctor will make sure that the body has recovered after childbirth. In most cases, experts allow you to resume intimate life 1.5–2 months from the moment the baby is born. However, young parents are warned that the likelihood of conception remains even during lactation. Therefore, doctors conduct a conversation with both partners and offer various methods of contraception, depending on whether the mother of the child is breastfeeding or the baby is bottle-fed. If the couple does not plan to have another baby in the near future, it is recommended to choose an effective and safe means of protection against unplanned pregnancy.
How long after childbirth is the body ready to conceive again?
Childbirth is a difficult job for female body, so he needs time to recover. Young parents are waiting for the doctor’s permission to resume intimate life, because both partners must be sure that the tissues and mucous membranes of the young mother’s genitals have healed and sexual intercourse will not harm the woman’s health.
Some couples prefer not to wait 1.5–2 months, but resume sexual activity two to three weeks after childbirth. Doctors warn that until lochia (postpartum bleeding) is completely over, you should not engage in intimate relationship. This may increase the risk of infection in the vagina and uterus, which can lead to complications.
At the appointment, the obstetrician-gynecologist will definitely hold a conversation about planning the next pregnancy, because not all young parents know that the female body can be ready for conception within two months after the birth of the first child. 
A young mother can become pregnant as early as two months after giving birth, so it is necessary to take care of a suitable method of contraception
Some young parents relax and do not think about contraceptive methods, thinking that a woman cannot become pregnant immediately after the birth of her baby. This is a fairly common misconception. Resumption reproductive function depends on many factors:
- individual characteristics of the body. Modern medicine cannot tell a young mother with certainty when her menstrual cycle will resume, since restoration of the ability to conceive a child depends not only on physiological characteristics, but also on the woman’s mood, the presence or absence of stressful situations, work nervous system, heredity and other nuances;
- breastfeeding. The hormone prolactin is responsible for milk production. However, it also affects reproductive function: it suppresses ovulation, so the egg does not mature and fertilization does not occur. However, as soon as a young mother begins to feed the baby less often and introduce complementary foods, the amount of prolactin in the blood decreases, and the ovaries resume their work. Therefore, even during lactation it is necessary to think about protection from unwanted pregnancy;
In most cases, during lactation, a woman’s periods resume 6–8 months after childbirth. It is at this time that a young mother can become pregnant again.
- artificial feeding. If for certain reasons the baby is fed a special adapted formula, the reproductive function of the female body is restored within two months from the moment the baby is born.
There are cases that a young mother becomes pregnant immediately after the end of lochia. That is, partners think that if menstruation has not yet occurred, then there is no risk of conception. However, ovulation has already occurred, so pregnancy is possible. You should be careful and not rely on chance, but use contraception.
When to start protecting yourself
When should you start using contraception? This question is asked by many young mothers at an appointment with a women’s doctor. If a married couple does not plan to have children within a year of each other, then it is necessary to start using protection immediately from the moment of resumption of sexual intercourse. After all, with 100% probability, no specialist can say when the body will be capable of conception. This can happen either six months or two months after the birth of the child.
Doctors note that during pregnancy the body weakens and needs time to rest and recover. Therefore, the optimal time for another pregnancy is 2–3 years after birth. If in the case of natural childbirth these terms are advisory, then after a cesarean section all young mothers are strongly advised not to become pregnant for 24–36 months from the date of the operation. After all, the suture on the uterus after a CS should form and heal. Early pregnancy can cause the suture to rupture, and this poses a threat to the woman’s life.
Therefore, gynecologists around the world insist on the use of contraception from the moment of resumption of intimate life after childbirth. The fact is that many young mothers turn to the women's doctor with a request to terminate the pregnancy, because not everyone is ready to give birth to another baby so early. And in case of conception earlier than 6-12 months after surgical delivery, doctors refer for an abortion for medical reasons. Mechanical effect on the mucous membrane inner surface uterus during fetal extraction can cause serious complications. Some women are diagnosed with infertility due to... negative consequences termination of pregnancy.
Video: when reproductive function is restored after childbirth
How to protect yourself after childbirth or caesarean section
It is advisable to make the choice of a contraceptive method together with a qualified specialist. Gynecologists explain: not all remedies are allowed to be used by a woman who has recently given birth. And during lactation, many contraceptives can cause a negative impact on the baby’s health. Therefore, it is not recommended to decide on your own which of the remedies is suitable for a married couple.
Not many men decide to come to an appointment at a family planning office with their wife. They are embarrassed or think that they are not responsible if pregnancy occurs. This is the wrong approach, because the process of sexual intercourse involves two partners. Modern doctors recommend that young parents select contraceptives together. This is done so that the doctor can take into account the preferences of both men and women.
Modern medicine offers a large selection of contraceptives. However, it is worth considering the fact that most of them have a list of contraindications and the likelihood of side effects. Therefore, after starting to use one or another method, it is necessary to carefully monitor the body’s reaction. If a woman or man notices the appearance of unpleasant symptoms, you need to consult a doctor. The specialist will ask about side effects and, if necessary, select another remedy. 
Doctors offer contraception not only for women, but also for men: each couple chooses the one that is more convenient for them to use
Oral contraceptives based on gestagens
Oral contraceptives contain synthetic analogs of female sex hormones. These drugs are available in tablet form. The developers offer two options for birth control pills: the main active ingredient of the first is one hormone - gestagen, the second - two hormones: estrogen and gestagen.
Breastfeeding women are prescribed contraceptives that contain only one hormone - gestagen. It is contained in tablets in small doses, therefore, passing into breast milk in minimum quantity, does not pose a threat to the health and development of the baby.
You are not allowed to decide on your own whether to use birth control pills. The doctor will take a medical history, make sure that the young mother has no contraindications to taking the drug, and then select the most optimal contraceptive. 
Charozetta is one of the most popular oral contraceptives for nursing mothers
The principle of action of oral contraceptives is to suppress ovulation, which prevents the fertilization of the egg, and also under the influence of the hormone, the viscosity of the cervical mucus changes: it becomes thicker and closes the cervix, preventing sperm from penetrating into the uterus and then into the tubes. This method of preventing unwanted pregnancy is one of the most effective, however, subject to the rules of administration. It is recommended to take the tablets at the same time every day, no earlier than six weeks after birth.
Missing one or more tablets increases the risk of pregnancy, so if a young mother forgets to take a contraceptive, it is recommended to use additional contraception for at least seven days.
Combined oral contraceptives: for women who are not breastfeeding
Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are considered one of the most popular means of protection against unplanned pregnancy throughout the world. With development modern technologies Scientists were able to improve the composition of birth control pills to reduce the risk of developing most side effects.
Several decades ago, women were afraid to take pills, because the doses of hormones included in their composition were much higher than in modern drugs. This entailed the appearance of unpleasant symptoms and many side effects. Today, COCs contain minimal doses of hormones, so most women tolerate the drug well.
Contraceptive pills, which contain gestagen and estrogen, are approved for use only by women who, for certain reasons, do not breastfeed. In some cases, gynecologists recommend taking COCs not only for the purpose of preventing conception, but also for the treatment of many gynecological problems, for example, endometriosis (proliferation of endometrial cells of the uterus to other organs).
From the moment they enter the female body, hormones affect the functioning of the ovaries, suppressing them, which prevents the formation and maturation of the egg. Ovulation does not occur, so conception becomes impossible. COCs also affect the epithelium of the inner surface of the uterus: it becomes thinner, which makes it difficult for the fertilized egg to attach to the walls of the reproductive organ. 
Only a doctor can select a COC: the doses of hormones differ in different drugs, so only a specialist can make a choice in favor of one or another contraceptive
On the shelves of pharmacies large number birth control pills. But only a doctor can choose a drug. Do not forget that the dose of hormones in each contraceptive is different: some women are suitable for one pill, for others - a completely different one drug. The choice depends on many factors:
- the health status of the young mother, the presence of chronic diseases;
- woman's age;
- hormonal background. Do not forget that after childbirth another serious hormonal change occurs in the body, so the balance of hormones may be disrupted. An incorrectly selected COC can only worsen the situation.
It is necessary to take combined contraceptives according to the OK principle (oral contraceptives): one tablet per day. You can start using this method one and a half months after delivery. Some drugs do not require a break between packs: the woman takes the last pill and the next day starts taking COCs from a new pack. And others need to be taken for twenty-one days, then take a break for a week and only then start taking it again.
Hormonal injections and implants
Recently, many young mothers prefer long-acting contraceptives. Injections or capsules that are injected into the muscle (solution) or under the skin (implant) contain the synthetic hormone gestagen, which gradually enters the bloodstream, providing a contraceptive effect. That is, the principle of operation of these contraceptives is the same as that of oral contraceptives, but there is no risk that the woman will forget to take the pill and the effectiveness will decrease. On the contrary, the mother does not need to worry that due to her forgetfulness she may become pregnant unplanned, because the hormone will enter the body on its own.
You can start using these methods 6 weeks after birth, when the young mother has completed postpartum bleeding. A woman comes to see a gynecologist, and a special solution is injected deep into the muscle using a syringe. Every day a certain dose of the hormone is released and enters the blood. The effect of the hormonal injection varies from two to three months, depending on the drug. After this time, the young mother must make an appointment with the doctor again to repeat the procedure. 
The effect of the hormonal injection is 8–12 weeks
Also, many women choose a hormonal implant. It is a small thin capsule, 4 cm long and 2 mm in diameter. It is injected under the skin of the shoulder. Only a gynecologist will install the implant. After the introduction of a contraceptive, a small dose of the hormone is released daily, which has a contraceptive effect.
Depending on the preferences of the couple, you can choose two implant options: one is installed for three years, the other for five. The longer the contraceptive effect, the higher the cost of the contraceptive.
Depending on the material, there are two types of capsules:
- some are made of synthetic material, so they need to be removed from the body after the expiration date or at any time if the couple is planning to conceive a baby;
- others are a capsule made of special materials that are gradually destroyed under the action of enzymes secreted in the body of a young mother. Therefore, there is no need to delete them after their expiration date.
The implant is allowed to be used no earlier than two months after birth. Doctors recommend using additional contraception, such as a condom, for two weeks after receiving an injection or implant.
Implanon is one of the popular hormonal contraceptives Intrauterine contraceptives
A fairly well-known and popular method of contraception is the intrauterine device (IUD). At the appointment, the doctor inserts the IUD into the uterine cavity. The maximum period of action of the drug depends on its type: some IUDs can remain in the uterus for three years, others up to five years. After the expiration date, the spiral must be removed. Only a doctor can do this. This method of contraception can be used two months after the birth of the child. Installation of an intrauterine device is also allowed for women who gave birth to children via cesarean section.
According to reviews, in some cases the IUD falls out on its own. However, this happens very rarely and is an exception rather than a regular occurrence.
The operating principle of this method boils down to the following: a foreign body (IUD), being in the uterine cavity, does not allow the fertilized egg to attach to the inner surface of the reproductive organ, so pregnancy does not occur. However, gynecologists recommend that young mothers who prefer this method of birth control come to routine examinations at least once every six months. This is necessary in order to timely diagnose inflammatory diseases of the internal genital organs and begin treatment, since the presence of a foreign body in the uterine cavity increases the risk of developing inflammatory processes.
Very often, doctors recommend that women use the Mirena intrauterine system. By appearance it resembles a spiral, which is also installed in the uterus. But in addition, it is equipped with a special capsule that contains the active substance levonorgestrel, which has a contraceptive effect: it increases the viscosity of cervical mucus, affects the epithelium of the surface of the uterus, and in some cases suppression of ovulation is observed. Mirena is used not only as a means of contraception, but also for the treatment of certain diseases of the female reproductive system.
You can have an intrauterine system installed six weeks after birth. The validity period is 5 years. The doctor must then remove Mirena from the uterine cavity. The cost of the intrauterine system is quite high, so not every nursing mother can afford this contraceptive.
Photo gallery: intrauterine contraceptives and their location in the uterus
The spiral is placed into the uterine cavity, and special “antennae” extend into the vagina. The intrauterine device is inserted into the uterus using a special device in the form of a long tube. The Mirena intrauterine system not only prevents pregnancy, but also has a therapeutic effect for some diseases of the female reproductive system.
Barrier methods of contraception
The most popular barrier method of contraception is the condom. It is a special cover made of latex material that is placed on the male genital organ during an erection. There are many condoms on sale that differ in price category, lubricant composition, and size.
If one or both partners are allergic to latex, you can buy polyurethane condoms. But they are much more difficult to find on sale, and the price is several times higher than that of latex products.
It is allowed to use a condom from the moment you resume sexual intercourse after childbirth. Each couple independently selects a barrier product depending on individual preferences.
Not everyone knows, but there are also female barrier contraceptives. This is a cap - a product resembling a cylinder, which is inserted into the vagina and placed on the cervix, as well as a diaphragm - a special membrane that must be inserted into the vagina as deeply as possible so that it closes the entrance to the cervical canal.
Female barrier contraceptives are not very popular because there is a risk of inserting them incorrectly, which increases the likelihood of pregnancy. If a young mother decides to try a diaphragm or a cap, then you can start using them no earlier than a month and a half after giving birth, when the cervix and vagina have fully recovered.
Female barrier contraceptives must be inserted into the vagina half an hour before sexual intercourse and removed no earlier than six hours after intercourse. You should know that you should not leave the diaphragm or cap in the vagina for more than a day. If a woman forgets to remove the product, this is fraught with the development of inflammation and infection of the vagina, and then the uterus.
The principle of operation of both male and female barrier contraceptives is aimed at preventing sperm from penetrating the uterus and tubes and fertilizing the egg.
Photo gallery: male and female barrier contraceptives
The diaphragm prevents sperm from entering the uterus. The female cap is placed on the cervix and prevents sperm from penetrating. Different brands of condoms may have different lubricants: with a cooling effect or with an antiseptic component
Use of spermicides
Spermicides are special preparations that are available in the form of vaginal tablets, suppositories, creams or gels. They must be inserted into the vagina 5–20 minutes before sexual intercourse. Exact time and detailed instructions contained in each contraceptive package. After entering the vagina, the products envelop the mucous membrane, and the active ingredients have a destructive effect on sperm: male reproductive cells die.
Most spermicides are approved for use during lactation, but before starting to use this method, you must consult a gynecologist.
According to the instructions, you must strictly follow the rules for using spermicides. If recommendations are violated, the contraceptive effect is significantly reduced. Therefore, these means of protection against unwanted pregnancy are recommended to be used in combination with barrier methods. 
Pharmatex - spermicides that are produced in different forms to protect against unwanted pregnancy
Sterilization: an irreversible method of contraception
Another method of preventing unwanted pregnancy is surgical sterilization. It is performed for both men and women. According to the law Russian Federation, a young mother can resort to such a drastic method if she already has two children and is 35 years old or older. There is no mention in the law regarding men, so they can undergo the procedure at any age.
Female sterilization involves tubal ligation. The procedure is performed immediately after birth, if there are no complications. Today, this does not take much time: the woman is given local anesthesia and the tubes are tied using laparoscopy. If delivery is performed through surgery, sterilization is performed during surgery.
Sterilization is considered an irreversible method of contraception, so before deciding to take such a crucial step, you need to think carefully about everything.
Vasectomy - ligation of the vas deferens, is performed at any time at the request of the man. Under local anesthesia, the surgeon makes a small incision in the scrotum and ligates the canals. Both partners are sterilized for the rest of their lives.
Table: comparative characteristics of different methods of contraception
| Method of contraception | Effectiveness of protection against unplanned pregnancy if used correctly | Advantages of the method | Disadvantages, including contraindications and side effects | Is it allowed to use during lactation? |
| Oral contraceptives based on gestagens | 98% |
|
| Allowed for breastfeeding women |
| Hormonal injections and implants | 99% |
|
|
|
| Combined oral contraceptives |
|
| Taking COCs is prohibited during breastfeeding, since the estrogens included in the composition negatively affect milk production, reducing lactation | |
| Intrauterine devices | 98% |
|
| Can be used during breastfeeding |
| Barrier methods: condoms, diaphragms or caps |
|
|
|
|
| Spermicides | 90% |
|
| Not all drugs are allowed during lactation, so consultation with a doctor is required |
| Sterilization | 100% |
| If a couple wants another baby, they will have to resort to the IVF method. | Breastfeeding women are allowed to perform the procedure |
Video: contraceptive methods for nursing mothers
Don't take risks: unreliable contraceptive methods
There are some methods of preventing unplanned pregnancy that are not effective. That is, when using them, a woman cannot be sure that conception has not occurred. If a married couple does not plan to have another baby, it is better to trust proven means and not take risks.
In most cases, the use of the lactational amenorrhea method (absence of menstruation during breastfeeding), the calendar method and interruption of sexual intercourse before ejaculation leads to unwanted pregnancy.
Will he succeed or not: coitus interruptus
PPA (coitus interruptus) is practiced by many couples. If a young mother does not want to take birth control pills, and the barrier method negatively affects the quality of sexual life of their partners (some men and women note that using a condom dulls sensations during sex), they decide to trust this particular method. Its principle is that ejaculation occurs outside the woman’s vagina, so pregnancy does not occur. However, in practice, the partner does not always make it on time, so a certain amount of sperm enters the genital tract of the young mother, and conception occurs.
Doctors warn that interrupted sexual intercourse can have negative consequences for the health of both partners, especially for men: the risk of neuroses, premature ejaculation of sperm or impotence increases.
Calendar method
The essence of the calendar method of contraception is simple: it is necessary to abstain from sexual intercourse on the days most favorable for conception. Doctors have proven that the greatest likelihood of pregnancy occurs a few days before ovulation and during three days after. This method is suitable only for those women who have a regular menstrual cycle, without failures or delays.
It is worth understanding that the effectiveness of the method is only fifty percent, no more.
To accurately determine the day of ovulation, you can use the following methods:
- ovulation test. It is sold in pharmacies and helps to calculate the day the egg is released from the ovary;
- change in basal temperature indicators. Measured rectally: on the day of ovulation and before the onset of menstruation, the indicator on the thermometer scale will be 37 o C. On safe days - no higher than 36.9 o C;
- Calculate unsafe days yourself. Ovulation usually occurs in the middle of the cycle. For example, a woman’s cycle is 30 days, the most favorable day for conception will be on the fifteenth day. This means that you need to abstain from sex four days before and the same number after ovulation.
Calendar method contraception is ineffective in case of irregular periods Lactational amenorrhea method
During lactation, under the influence of the hormone prolactin, ovulation is suppressed. However, the lactational amenorrhea method is also only 50% effective. The fact is that much depends on the individual characteristics of a woman’s body and the restoration of her ability to conceive. Doctors warn that this method is effective if the following conditions are met:
- no more than six months have passed since the birth of the baby;
- the child is exclusively breastfed: he is not given additional water or formula, and no complementary foods are introduced;
- The baby is put to the breast every three to four hours, at least.
However, many young mothers have become pregnant if they did not protect themselves while breastfeeding, so it is better not to take risks and use more reliable contraception.
From the personal experience of young mothers: reviews of different methods of contraception
After 5 months After giving birth, I put in an IUD, it was there for 6 years, everything was fine.
December Heat
https://deti.mail.ru/forum/zdorove/zdorove_krasota_diety/vnutrimatochnaja_spiral_posle_rodov/
After giving birth, I gave myself Implanon. It stood for 3 years, then I installed a new one. For me this is the ideal option
Sveta
https://www.baby.ru/community/view/44187/forum/post/207049166/
I took Lactinet for a very long time, since I was breastfeeding for 2.5 years. No side effects, fit me perfectly. But I felt very bad from Charozetta, there was a whole list of side effects.
Xenia
https://www.babyblog.ru/community/post/contraception/3160377
I gave the injection for 3 months, but I didn’t like it, then OK I took the special ones allowed for breastfeeding.
https://deti.mail.ru/forum/semejnye_otnoshenija/intimnye_otnoshenija/kontraceptivy_posle_rodov/
After the first breastfeeding, I drank Charozetta. And now I’m going to start drinking it.
Svetlana
https://deti.mail.ru/forum/semejnye_otnoshenija/intimnye_otnoshenija/kontraceptivy_posle_rodov/?page=2
Modern medicine offers various options for contraceptive methods after childbirth. Most of them are approved for use during breastfeeding after six to eight weeks from the date of delivery. A female doctor will help you choose the best option that will suit the young mother. At the appointment, the doctor will conduct an examination, take the necessary tests, and then offer the woman several options for contraceptives. Of course, everyone has contraindications and the risk of side effects, so you shouldn’t choose a drug or product on your own. A qualified specialist will take into account the wishes of both partners and select not only an effective, but also a suitable contraceptive for both men and women.
Not all parents rush to have a second child immediately after the birth of their first child. That is why the issue of contraception after childbirth is most pressing.
In order for a woman’s body to be able to prepare for the next pregnancy, it takes a certain time, and for mothers with small children in their arms, it is not always easy to endure a subsequent pregnancy without a threat to their own health. Taking into account all the above factors, the conclusion about the need to choose a competent contraceptive in the postpartum period suggests itself. Let's try to figure out which contraceptive methods are most suitable for young mothers and do not harm babies.
The question of resuming sexual contacts after the birth of a baby concerns not only mothers, but also fathers. It is worth remembering that childbirth is a huge burden for a woman’s body, and even if it proceeded without complications, there is no need to rush into intimate contacts.
Doctors recommend abstaining from sexual activity for 6 weeks after childbirth; if any complications arise during delivery, this period can be extended. You can obtain more complete and reliable information about when you can begin intimate life after childbirth after an examination by a gynecologist, who, based on the examination, will decide on the initiation of sexual activity or temporary abstinence from it.
Is breastfeeding a guarantee against another pregnancy?
I would immediately like to dispel this myth, which young mothers often take as a basis when starting sexual activity. In fact, the hormone, which is produced in the body of a nursing mother, prevents the onset of menstruation and the production of an egg. But there are often cases when menstruation can begin in a woman who is intensively breastfeeding her baby, immediately after the end of postpartum discharge.
Each organism is unique, which is why you should not rely entirely on this method under any circumstances! Even if a woman has established lactation, then, as a rule, the menstrual cycle resumes within six months, but if a young mother does not feed her baby, then ovulation can resume within a month!
It happens that a woman who has recently given birth to a child becomes pregnant even before the first menstrual bleeding appears.
Resumption sexual relations after childbirth, according to experts, occurs in most women, but, as a rule, about half of them do not even think about using any method of contraception. That is why women who have recently given birth to babies are at high risk of unplanned pregnancy.
If you are not planning on having similar babies and carefully monitor your health, many doctors do not recommend getting pregnant again for 2-3 years after the first birth. This is explained by the weakening of the female body, the risk of complications during a second pregnancy, the need to restore the body and other factors. You need to find the most suitable method of contraception. Only the right method of protection can reliably and effectively protect you.
Choosing a method of contraception after childbirth
Of course it's perfect the right choice will be the selection of postpartum contraception even before the birth of the baby. If for some reason you were unable to do this, you can get the necessary information from a doctor in the maternity ward, immediately after giving birth. A specialist will tell you about the pros and cons of a particular method and recommend what is right for you. When choosing a contraceptive method, you should not rely on the advice of friends or acquaintances; remember that only a doctor can give you the right advice!
If you are breastfeeding, be sure to indicate this in a conversation with your gynecologist, since not all methods of contraception are compatible with breastfeeding; some pills can affect lactation or block it altogether.
A woman who does not breastfeed her baby for any reason, you should start taking contraceptives immediately from the moment you begin an intimate relationship. If there are no contraindications to a particular method, then a woman is free to choose the method of contraception that is most convenient and comfortable for her, but only after consultation with a doctor.
Regarding nursing mothers, then everything is a little more complicated: the frequency of feeding the baby and the time that has passed since delivery must be taken into account. When choosing a contraceptive for women whose children are breastfed, the main thing is that the method of contraception does not have a negative impact on either the baby’s health or the process of milk production.
If the child is completely breastfed, then oral contraceptives are not recommended for six months. If feedings are irregular or early complementary feeding is introduced, then the woman must contact a gynecologist no later than a month after giving birth, so that the specialist can select and prescribe the correct drug.
There is one more important rule that women should not forget about: different methods of birth control have varying degrees of effectiveness, some involve restrictions in use, and not all contraceptives can be used in the first weeks after the birth of a child.
A woman who has recently given birth to a child should be psychologically attuned in advance to the fact that now contraception should be approached especially carefully, and in order to increase the degree of protection against unwanted pregnancy, it is often necessary to combine certain methods, achieving the highest possible protection and reliability.
It is also worth remembering the so-called “safety net” if for some reason you doubt the effectiveness of the product you have chosen. Only a competent gynecologist can tell you how to correctly combine protective equipment and what to do if the reliability of protection decreases, who should be visited as early as possible after the start of sexual activity after childbirth.
What methods of contraception after childbirth are the most effective, and how to make the right choice?
Of course, the 100% method of preventing unwanted pregnancy is sexual abstinence or, in other words, withdrawal. But, often, this method of contraception is not suitable for many couples, even for a short period of time, so they are looking for an alternative method that has a high degree of protection.
1. Lactational amenorrhea method – what is this? In order to understand how this method of contraception works, let's understand its mechanisms. So, having given birth to a child, a special hormone is produced in the body of a young mother - prolactin, which is responsible for lactation and at the same time suppresses ovulation. It is lactational amenorrhea that causes the absence of menstruation in women in the first months, when a young mother is actively breastfeeding her baby.
In this case, prolactin provides a contraceptive effect. It is worth noting that the level of the hormone in a woman’s body decreases significantly if the time between feeding the baby is more than 4 hours, and, consequently, the contraceptive effect is reduced.
Putting a baby to the breast immediately after delivery is one of the most well-known methods of natural protection of the mother from the onset of subsequent unwanted pregnancy. In addition, breastfeeding promotes rapid recovery of the female genital organs after childbirth.
The lactational amenorrhea method involves constantly feeding the baby throughout the day, that is, both day and night, at intervals of no more than 3-4 hours. This method is considered most effective when a young mother feeds her baby on demand (15 to 20 times a day). However, expressing milk is not considered feeding, and the degree of protection this method is significantly reduced.
This method of protection can be used for six months if all the above rules are observed, however, even it does not provide a 100% guarantee and there is a risk of getting pregnant even if you feed the baby correctly and on time.
The advantages of this method are undeniable: it is very easy to use, has no contraindications, has a positive effect on the recovery process of the mother’s body after childbirth (contraction of the uterus, reduces the risk of postpartum hemorrhage, etc.), and, of course, this method of contraception is very beneficial for the health of the already born into the world of a baby.
Despite many advantages, this method also has certain disadvantages. The lactational amenorrhea method will not protect you from sexually transmitted diseases, it is not suitable for working women and requires strict feeding of the child on demand, and this method of protection can only be used for 6 months (if the woman’s menstruation has not returned earlier).
2. Oral contraceptives. There are several options for oral contraceptives, some contain only progestins and are called “mili-pili”. These tablets contain synthetic hormones, due to which the viscosity of the cervical mucosa is reduced, and the sperm is not able to enter the uterine cavity. Thus, the embryo does not implant.
Women can use such drugs as early as 6 weeks after delivery, and non-breastfeeding mothers can take these tablets a month after childbirth or from the moment menstrual bleeding begins. When taken correctly in combination with breastfeeding, this method of contraception provides a guarantee of about 98%.
Separately, it is worth noting that taking these oral contraceptives does not affect the quantity and quality of breast milk of a nursing woman.
And, of course, it’s worth saying a few words about the disadvantages of these drugs. In the first cycles of treatment, discharge similar to menstrual discharge may be observed. This is due to the body’s adaptation to the drug and should not be a cause for concern. If your periods have stopped or something has bothered you since taking the pills, you should immediately visit a gynecologist.
The peculiarity of taking oral contraceptives is that they must be taken constantly, without skipping, at a certain time. They are not recommended to be combined with certain drugs; you can get more detailed information about this from the instructions for the drug or from the doctor who prescribed the medicine.
The ability to conceive, as a rule, returns to normal immediately after stopping the drug, therefore, if you decide to continue taking oral contraceptives after stopping breastfeeding, then you are better off choosing combined contraceptives. They begin to be taken from the moment menstruation begins after breastfeeding is stopped. The effectiveness of these pills is close to 100%, that is, if taken correctly, it is almost impossible to get pregnant.
Combined drugs are similar in their method of administration and the ability of the body to restore conception after their withdrawal to drugs containing progestins.
It is worth noting long-acting progestogens. These are long-acting drugs that are administered to breastfeeding women after 6 weeks postpartum and to non-breastfeeding women after 4 weeks. They provide very high protection against unwanted pregnancy, also do not affect lactation and breast milk, and do not have a negative impact on the health of the woman and child.
These drugs are prescribed and administered only by a doctor; after their administration, additional methods of protection must be used for 14 days.
3. Intrauterine devices. If a woman does not experience any complications during childbirth, this method of contraception can be introduced immediately. Otherwise intrauterine device can be placed six weeks after birth. The protection efficiency is about 98%, which is quite a high figure.
Today, many women prefer intrauterine devices as a reliable and effective remedy against unwanted pregnancy. It is worth noting that those women who have an intrauterine device installed need to visit a gynecologist at least once every six months. This method of contraception can provide effective protection for a period of 5 to 7 years, after which the contraceptive is removed or replaced.
The disadvantages of this type of contraception are that after installation of the IUD, pain in the lower abdomen may occur when feeding the baby. Menstruation in the first months after installing this contraceptive may be more heavy and painful than before. Sometimes the spiral may fall out, so a woman should carefully monitor its location. The advantage of the IUD is that the contraceptive effect occurs immediately after its installation.
The installation of this method of contraception is not recommended for women who have diseases of the female genital organs or are sexually active with several sexual partners.
4. Barrier methods of contraception. The most popular barrier method of preventing unwanted pregnancy is the condom. You can start using it immediately from the moment you resume sexual activity. According to statistics, a condom provides a guarantee of about 90%, and when used correctly, reliability increases to 97%. This method of contraception is easy to use and accessible to everyone. It does not affect lactation, and, importantly, protects partners from various sexually transmitted infections.
The disadvantages of a condom are that it can slip off, break, and at the same time the risk of pregnancy increases significantly. That is why you should strictly follow the instructions for using a condom.
4-5 weeks after birth, you can use a cap (diaphragm) as protection against unwanted pregnancy; it is suitable only when the female genital organs have returned to their usual size. The effectiveness of this barrier method directly depends on the correct application. During breastfeeding, the effectiveness of protection is about 90%. The advantages of the method are that it does not affect milk production and can protect against some infections.
A gynecologist should select a cap for a woman and teach her how to use it correctly; after the baby is born, the size of the cap may change, so consultation with a specialist is also necessary here. It is better to use caps as a method of contraception in conjunction with spermicides, which we will discuss below.