In 1918, the Council of People's Commissars issued a decree on the "Red Terror".

DECREE OF THE COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S COMMISSARS ON RED TERROR

The Council of People's Commissars, having heard the report of the chairman of the Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution on the activities of this commission, finds that in this situation, ensuring the rear through terror is a direct necessity; that in order to strengthen the activities of the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission and introduce greater systematicity into it, it is necessary to send there as many responsible party comrades as possible; what needs to be provided Soviet Republic from class enemies by isolating them in concentration camps; that all persons connected with White Guard organizations, conspiracies and rebellions are subject to execution; that it is necessary to publish the names of all those executed, as well as the reasons for applying this measure to them.

The assassination attempt on Lenin by the Socialist-Revolutionary Fani Kaplan and the murder of students by the Socialist-Revolutionary Leonid Kanegisser of the hated chairman of the Petrograd Cheka, Moisei Uritsky, occurred on the same day - August 30, 1918. Cadet V.D. wrote about Uritsky in his memoirs. Nabokov, whom, according to the testimony of his famous son, Jews warmly thanked for protecting their rights: “I still remember this disgusting figure of a ugly little man, with a hat on his head, with an insolent Jewish face...”. To this eloquent description it should be added that Uritsky was distinguished by pathological cruelty: he himself boasted to the secretary of the Danish embassy, Peterson, that he “signed 23 death warrants in one day.”

Already on September 1, "Krasnaya Gazeta" cried out: "For the blood of Lenin and Uritsky, let streams of blood be shed - more blood, as much as possible." And on September 5, 1918, the Council of People's Commissars issued a decree on the “Red Terror.”*A wave of vengeful mass executions began, allegedly on “class” grounds, and a system of civilian hostages was introduced, shot after each attempt on the life of a Bolshevik. The first victims of this decree were: sschmchch. Bishop of Selenga Ephraim (Kuznetsov) and Archpriest. Ioann Vostorgov, Nikolai Alekseevich Maklakov (former Minister of Internal Affairs, proposed to the Tsar in December 1916 to disperse the Duma), Alexey Nikolaevich Khvostov (leader of the right-wing faction in the IV State Duma, former Minister of Internal Affairs, monarchist), Ivan Grigorievich Shcheglovitov (Minister of Justice until 1915, prosecutor of the murderer Kalyaev, patron of the Union of Russian People, one of the organizers of the investigation into the Beilis Case, chairman of the State Council) and senator S.P. Beletsky.

The martyrology of the martyrs killed by the Bolsheviks grew to unprecedented proportions, absorbing millions of clergy, officers, serving nobility and ordinary peasants, whose only fault was that they did not accept the cruel and godless power imposed by foreigners with bayonets, but wanted to live on their own native land traditional thousand-year-old way of life in the Orthodox faith, bequeathed to them by their pious ancestors.

*Terror actually means “horror”. This is how the era of the late 18th century was named. in France after the execution of King Louis XVI during the reign of Robespierre, Marat and Danton.

Caress... the only way that is possible in dealing with a living creature. Terror cannot do anything with an animal, no matter what stage of development it is at. This is what I have asserted, am asserting, and will continue to assert. They are in vain to think that terror will help them. No, no, no, it won’t help, no matter what it is: white, red or even brown! Terror completely paralyzes the nervous system.

Sergei Nikolaevich Bulgakov

On August 30, 1918, the chairman of the Petrograd Cheka Uritsky was killed in Petrograd by the Socialist Revolutionary Kanegisser, and Lenin was wounded in Moscow on the same day. On September 1, Krasnaya Gazeta proclaimed: “For the blood of Lenin and Uritsky, let streams of blood be shed—more blood, as much as possible.” (Isn’t it strange that these assassination attempts took place on the same day and that Kaplan was immediately destroyed without investigation, like Kanegiesser, but his Orthodox Jewish family was released from prison abroad.

5.09.1918. - The Council of People's Commissars issued a decree on the “Red Terror”. In essence, this decree was nothing new - state class terror began with the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks. They abolished the very concept of a person’s personal guilt, asserting class and even estate guilt. They declared enemies of everyone who faithfully served the previous legitimate government, worked conscientiously and got rich under the “old regime”, who had the misfortune of being born into a “non-working” family...

Hundreds of “class enemies” - tsarist officials, professors, and military personnel - were immediately shot in Petrograd. A system of hostages from the civilian population (bourgeoisie) is introduced, shot in the hundreds after each murder of a Bolshevik. This also becomes a common method of management: on February 15, 1919, the Defense Council orders “to take hostages from the peasants with the understanding that if the snow is not cleared, they will be shot”... In combination with the policy of “war communism”, predatory surplus appropriation and anti-church The Bolshevik policy of the Red Terror in the countryside led everywhere to massive peasant uprisings.

Another instrument of mass terror is increasingly being used: concentration camps. Against the background of mass executions of hostages, at first it looks soft, because Lenin applies it to the “dubious”: “Carry out merciless mass terror against the kulaks, priests and White Guards; those who are dubious will be locked up in a concentration camp outside the city.” Then the decree on the “Red Terror” legitimizes this type of repression on a sweeping “class” basis: “It is necessary to secure the Soviet Republic from class enemies by isolating them in concentration camps.” Often monasteries were set aside for camps. The most terrible was the Solovetsky concentration camp, where dozens of bishops were tortured.

These words were first heard in Russia after August 30, 1918, when an attempt was made on the life of the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, Vladimir Lenin, in Petrograd. A few days later, an official message appeared that the assassination attempt was organized by the Left Socialist Revolutionary Party, and that the leader of the world proletariat was shot by an activist of this party, Fanny Kaplan. Under the pretext of revenge for the blood of their leader, the Bolshevik Party plunged the country into the abyss of the Red Terror.

Although no evidence of the involvement of Kaplan and the left Socialist Revolutionaries in the assassination attempt on Lenin was presented to the people, the government took full advantage of the incident at the Michelson plant to unleash an unprecedented wave of suppression of everyone who did not agree with the policies of the Soviet regime.

On September 3, 1918, Fanny Kaplan was shot without trial in the courtyard of the Moscow Kremlin. She took her secret to the grave. Yes, this woman certainly made history. After all, they wrote about it in all Soviet textbooks. There was even such a film. “Lenin in 1818”, where in one of the scenes an angry crowd of workers at Mikhelson’s plant tore apart “Lenin’s killer”. But its inglorious end serves as a good example of what can be fraught with a departure from tradition and a passion for the ideas of “universal equality and happiness.”

Immediately after the assassination attempt on Lenin, the chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) Yakov Sverdlov signed a resolution to turn the Soviet Republic into a military camp. Here is what Martin Latsis, a member of the Cheka board, wrote at that time in instructions sent to local authorities for provincial security officers: “We are not fighting against individuals. We are exterminating the bourgeoisie as a class. Do not look for evidence during the investigation that the accused acted in deed or word against the Soviet authorities. The first question you must ask him is what his origin, upbringing, education or profession are. These questions should determine the fate of the accused. This is the meaning and essence of the Red Terror.”

Resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR dated 09/05/1918 on the Red Terror

COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S COMMISSARS OF THE RSFSR
RESOLUTION
dated September 5, 1918
ABOUT RED TERROR

The Council of People's Commissars, having heard the report of the Chairman of the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution, Profiteering and Crime in Office on the activities of this Commission, finds that in this situation, ensuring the rear through terror is a direct necessity; that in order to strengthen the activities of the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for the fight against counter-revolution, profiteering and crime in office and to introduce greater planning into it, it is necessary to send there as many responsible party comrades as possible; that it is necessary to protect the Soviet Republic from class enemies by isolating them in concentration camps, that all persons involved in White Guard organizations, conspiracies and rebellions are subject to execution; that it is necessary to publish the names of all those executed, as well as the reasons for applying this measure to them.

People's Commissar of Justice
D.KURSKY
People's Commissar
for Internal Affairs
G. PETROVSKY
Business Manager
Council of People's Commissars
V.BONCH - BRUEVICH

In turn, the term “red terror” was then formulated by L.D. Trotsky. as “a weapon used against a class doomed to destruction that does not want to perish.” As already mentioned, in light of the policy of suppressing the enemies of the revolution, local Cheka bodies received the broadest powers, which no power structure had at that time. Any person on the slightest suspicion could be arrested and shot by the security officers, and no one had the right to even ask them what charge was brought against him. As a result, at the end of 1918 in Soviet Russia A unique system of justice, the “troika,” was created and operated for some time.

Not only St. Petersburg and Moscow responded for the assassination attempt on Lenin with hundreds of murders. This wave swept throughout Soviet Russia - both in large and small cities, towns and villages. Information about these murders was rarely reported in the Bolshevik press, yet in the Weekly we will find mention of these provincial executions, sometimes with a specific indication: shot for the attempt on Lenin. Let's take at least some of them.

“A criminal attempt on the life of our ideological leader, Comrade. Lenin, reports the Nizhny Novgorod Che.K., encourages you to abandon sentimentality and carry out the dictatorship of the proletariat with a firm hand”... “Enough words!”... “Because of this” - the commission “shot 41 people from the enemy camp.” And then there was a list that included officers, priests, officials, a forester, a newspaper editor, a guard, etc., etc. On this day, up to 700 hostages were taken in Nizhny, just in case. "Slave. Kr. Lower Liszt explained this: “We will respond to every murder of a communist or attempted murder by shooting the hostages of the bourgeoisie, for the blood of our comrades, killed and wounded, demands revenge.”

After the October Revolution, the Bolshevik government abolished the judicial system of the Russian Empire and instead introduced revolutionary tribunals throughout the country, which acted in relation to the defendants only from class positions. For example, in Samara, the Bolshevik Vladimir Zubkov, a printing worker by profession, was elected as the first chairman of the revolutionary tribunal. At his appointment, the chairman of the Samara provincial executive committee, Valerian Kuibyshev, spoke, who in his report said that “the revolutionary court should become a weapon in the fight against speculators, thieves, robbers and persons who do not comply with the decisions of the Soviet government.” Zubkov remained in this position until April 10 of the same year, when he was transferred to another job, and Francis Venzek was approved in his place. Subsequently, during the capture of Samara by the Czechoslovak corps on June 8, 1918, Vencek was beaten to death by a crowd.

From the end of November 1918, judicial reform began in the country, when the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, by its decision, approved the “Regulations on the People's Courts of the RSFSR.” According to this document, local justice should henceforth be carried out by a judge and two people's assessors. But the most interesting thing is that the All-Russian Central Executive Committee did not cancel the activities of the revolutionary tribunals. Cases of counter-revolutionary acts and speeches, sabotage, discrediting Soviet power, banditry, murders and assassination attempts remained within their competence. robberies, robberies, forgeries, crimes in office, espionage, speculation. counterfeiting banknotes. major theft of state property and other serious crimes. And the people's courts ultimately received only criminal and administrative cases that were insignificant in their severity.

And in this difficult situation, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, with its new decision, placed the punishing sword of revolutionary justice also in the hands of local representatives of the All-Russian Cheka. Thus, a unique situation arose in the country, which previously had no analogues in the history of world justice, when three state structures had the right to bring a citizen to justice and punish him at once: people's courts, revolutionary tribunals and divisions of the All-Russian Emergency Commission. It is clear that such a situation in the end simply could not but lead to unjustified cruelty and blatant arbitrariness of the security officers.

The use of executions.

1. All former gendarmerie officers according to a special list approved by the Cheka.

2. All gendarmerie and police officers suspicious of their activities, according to the results of the search.

3. Anyone who has a weapon without permission, unless there are extenuating circumstances (for example, membership in a revolutionary Soviet party or workers' organization).

4. Anyone with detected false documents, if they are suspected of counter-revolutionary activities. In doubtful cases, cases should be referred to the Cheka for final consideration.

5. Exposure of criminal relations with Russian and foreign counter-revolutionaries and their organizations, both located on the territory of Soviet Russia and outside it.

6. All active members of the Socialist Revolutionary Party of the center and right. (Note: active members are considered to be members of leading organizations - all committees from central to local city and district; members of combat squads and those in relations with them on party affairs; carrying out any orders of combat squads; serving between individual organizations, etc.) d.).

7. All active figures in revolutionary parties (cadets, Octobrists, etc.).

8. The case of executions must be discussed in the presence of a representative of the Russian Party of Communists.

9. The execution is carried out only subject to a unanimous decision of three members of the Commission.

10. At the request of a representative of the Russian Committee of Communists or in the event of a disagreement among the members of the R.C.C., the case must be referred to the All-Russian Cheka for decision.

II. Arrest followed by imprisonment in a concentration camp.

11. All those calling and organizing political strikes and other active actions to overthrow Soviet power, unless they are shot.

12. All former officers who are suspicious according to the search data and do not have a specific occupation.

13. All famous leaders of the bourgeois and landowner counter-revolution.

14. All members of former patriotic and Black Hundred organizations.

15. All members of the Socialist-Revolutionary parties without exception. center and right, people's socialists, cadets and other counter-revolutionaries. As for the rank-and-file members of the Social Revolutionary Party of the Center and the right-wing workers, days can be released on receipt that they condemn the terrorist policy of their central institutions and their point of view on the Anglo-French landing and, in general, the agreement with Anglo-French imperialism.

16. Active members of the Menshevik Party, according to the characteristics listed in the note to paragraph 6.

Mass searches and arrests must be carried out among the bourgeoisie, the arrested bourgeoisie must be declared hostages and imprisoned in a concentration camp, where forced labor must be organized for them. In order to terrorize the bourgeoisie, the eviction of the bourgeoisie should also be used, giving the shortest possible period of time (24-36 hours) to leave...”

According to the resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the KGB leadership was not obliged to transfer the materials it collected to the court, but could independently determine the punishment for the detainee - up to and including execution on the spot. Only their immediate superior leadership had the right to control the actions of local Cheka bodies. At the same time, detainees were executed without trial and often even without investigation. Many archives preserve lists of those executed during this period, which have now been partially declassified and are awaiting their researchers.

During the period of the Red Terror, the district authorities of the Soviet government had to rescue their illegally detained employees from the Cheka. For example, in the Bugulminsky district of the Samara region, the chairman of the local executive committee, Bakulin, was so concerned about the arbitrariness that was happening within the walls of the district Cheka that in mid-February 1919 he sent a telegram to Samara with a request to urgently send representatives of the provincial party committee to him. His message, in particular, said the following: “...delay may cause undesirable phenomena that could adversely affect the peace of the district.” However, the commission from Samara was still late, since literally the next day after the telegram, Bakulin himself was arrested with with the wording “due to open opposition to Cheka employees.” As a result, the chairman of the provincial executive committee, Valerian Kuibyshev, was forced to personally handle his release.

Another example from the realities of that time, which now looks tragicomic. During 1918 and early 1919, the Samara gubcheka several times arrested the head of the provincial archival bureau, Sergei Khovansky, and the provincial executive committee then demanded his release. And all the guilt of the detainee lay in Khovansky’s noble origin. He more than once caused extreme irritation among the security officers by the fact that he invariably signed all the documents he compiled at the request of the gubchek with his full title: “Prince Khovansky.”

Of course, the complete lack of control by the security officers constantly led to numerous cases of extrajudicial killings on the ground. So, in January 1919, a joint commission of the Samara Provincial Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, the Provincial Executive Committee and the Samara Provincial Chek arrived in the district center of Pugachev. The purpose of her visit was to investigate the facts of gross violations of the law in the district Cheka, which was headed by T.I. Bochkarev. It turned out that during December alone, local security officers opened 65 cases “on facts of counter-revolutionary activity” and arrested 51 people. Of these, Bochkarev independently passed extrajudicial verdicts in 26 cases, and almost all of those under investigation were immediately shot by him personally. Among others, he shot the priest Khromonogov, who allowed himself to be publicly indignant at the arbitrariness that was happening within the walls of the county emergency commission. As a result, Bochkarev was relieved of his position, but he did not bear any other responsibility.

On April 15, 1919, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee issued a Decree “On forced labor camps,” and on May 17, 1919, a Decree. In August 1919, the presence in Kyiv of the so-called “human slaughterhouses” of the provincial and district Cheka was reported. Only in February 1919, with a new decision, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee deprived the Cheka of the right to independently pass sentences on the cases it investigated: from that moment, by decision of the Council of People's Commissars, this function was transferred to the revolutionary tribunals. Thus, the period of Red Terror officially ended in Soviet Russia. However, this did not mean at all that repression and lawlessness had ceased in the RSFSR by that time.

Information about the use of torture during interrogations penetrates the revolutionary press, since this measure, naturally, was unusual for many Bolsheviks. In particular, the newspaper Izvestia dated January 26, 1919 No. 18 publishes the article “Is it really a medieval dungeon?” with a letter from a random victim of the RCP (b), who was tortured by the investigative commission of the Sushchevo-Mariinsky district in Moscow.

The largest action of the Red Terror was the execution in Petrograd of 512 representatives of the elite (former dignitaries, ministers, professors). This fact confirms the report of the newspaper "Izvestia" dated September 3, 1918 about the execution of the Cheka in the city of Petrograd over 500 hostages. According to official data from the Cheka, a total of about 800 people were shot in Petrograd during the Red Terror. According to the research of the Italian historian G. Boffa, in response to the wounding of V.I. Lenin, about 1000 counter-revolutionaries were shot in Petrograd and Kronstadt.

Formally, the Red Terror ended on November 6, 1918. According to some sources, during 1918 the Cheka repressed 31 thousand people, of whom 6 thousand were shot. At the same time, in October 1918, Yu. Martov, the leader of the Menshevik Party, stated that there were “more than ten thousand” victims of Cheka repressions during the Red Terror since the beginning of September. However, even in 1922, V.I. Lenin declared the impossibility of ending terror and the need for its legislative regulation, as follows from his letter to the People's Commissar of Justice Kursky dated May 17, 1922: " The court must not eliminate terror; to promise this would be self-deception or deception, but to justify and legitimize it in principle, clearly, without falsehood and without embellishment. It is necessary to formulate it as broadly as possible, because only revolutionary legal consciousness and revolutionary conscience will set the conditions for application in practice, more or less broadly. With communist greetings, Lenin."

According to R. Conquest, in total, according to the verdicts of the revolutionary tribunals and extrajudicial meetings of the Cheka in 1917-1922. 140 thousand people were shot. A modern researcher of the history of the Cheka, O. B. Mozokhin, based on archival data, criticized this figure. According to him, “with all the reservations and exaggerations, the number of victims of the Cheka can be estimated at no more than 50 thousand people.” Also, based on a study of the minutes of the meetings of the Extraordinary Commissions, he notes that sentences to military detention were the exception rather than the rule and the majority of those executed were executed for ordinary crimes.

“The All-Russian Central Executive Committee gives a solemn warning to all the slaves of the Russian and allied bourgeoisie, warning them that for every attempt on the life of the leaders of Soviet power and the bearers of the ideas of the socialist revolution, all counter-revolutionaries will be responsible... The workers and peasants will respond with massive red terror against the bourgeoisie and its agents.” This meant the introduction of hostage system, when completely different people should be held accountable for the actions of some people. The All-Russian Central Executive Committee resolution paved the way for the adoption of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee resolution on the Red Terror on September 5.

The resolution created the foundations of the repressive policy of the communist regime: the creation of concentration camps to isolate “class enemies”, the destruction of all oppositionists “involved in conspiracies and rebellions.” The Cheka was given the authority to take hostages, pass sentences and carry them out.

The execution of 29 counter-revolutionaries who were obviously not involved in the assassination attempts on Lenin and Uritsky was immediately announced - including the former Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire A. Khvostov, the former Minister of Justice I. Shcheglovitov and others. In the first days of the September Red Terror in Petrograd More than 500 people died. Throughout Soviet Russia, thousands of people were executed, some of whom were guilty only of belonging to “counter-revolutionary” classes and social movements - entrepreneurs, landowners, priests, officers, members of the Cadet Party, peasants taken hostage.

Resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR dated 09/05/1918 "On Red Terror"

COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S COMMISSARS OF THE RSFSR

People's Commissar of Justice D. KURSKY

People's Commissar for Internal Affairs G. PETROVSKY

Manager of the Council of People's Commissars V. BONCH - BRUEVICH

Secretary of the Sov.Nar.Com. L. FOTIEVA

The introduction of the Red Terror was an important milestone in the development of the communist regime. Terror became one of the elements of the “war communism” system. The mass extermination of opponents of Soviet power during the Civil War had contradictory consequences. On the one hand, terror really instilled fear and disorganized the opponents of the Bolsheviks. On the other hand, he convinced people that the dictatorship was undemocratic, caused mass discontent, and supported the determination of the oppositionists to act against the Bolsheviks with arms in hand.

October Revolution proclaimed the abolition of the death penalty. The resolution of the Second Congress of Soviets read: “The death penalty restored by Kerensky at the front is abolished.” The death penalty in the rest of Russia was abolished by the Provisional Government.

Despite the formal absence of the death penalty, murders of prisoners were sometimes carried out by the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution and Sabotage under the Council of People's Commissars (VChK) and local extraordinary commissions (Cheka) during the “cleansing” of cities from criminals.

A wider use of executions, and especially their implementation in political cases, was impossible both because of the prevailing democratic sentiments and because of the participation in the Council of People's Commissars of the left Socialist Revolutionaries, who were fundamentally opposed to the death penalty. People's Commissar of Justice from the Left Socialist Revolutionary Party I. Sternberg prevented not only executions, but even arrests for political reasons. Since the Left Socialist Revolutionaries actively worked in the Cheka, it was difficult to unleash government terror at that time. However, work in the punitive agencies influenced the views of the Socialist-Revolutionary Chekists, who became increasingly tolerant of repression.

The situation began to change after the Left Socialist Revolutionaries left the government and especially after the start of a large-scale civil war in May-June 1918. The uprising of the Czechoslovak corps and the Cossacks was accompanied by massacres of supporters of Soviet power. Lenin believed that in a civil war it was impossible to do without the death penalty, since supporters of the opposing sides were not afraid of imprisonment, hoping for the victory of their movement and release from prison. On June 13, the death penalty in the RSFSR was restored.

The first public victim of political execution was the popular commander of the Baltic Fleet A.M. Shchastny, whom People's Commissar Leon Trotsky suspected of being ready to oppose the Soviet regime. Shchastny was arrested and, after a trial in the Supreme Revolutionary Tribunal, executed on June 21, 1918.

Even before the announcement of the “red” terror, it was used at the front with the sanction of Lenin. “A White Guard uprising is clearly being prepared in Nizhny. We must exert all our efforts, form a troika of dictators, immediately impose mass terror, shoot and take away hundreds of prostitutes who solder soldiers, former officers, etc.,” Lenin telegraphed on August 9. On the same day, he sent a telegram to Penza: “Carry out merciless mass terror against kulaks, priests and White Guards; those who are dubious will be locked up in a concentration camp outside the city.” On August 22, the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars orders "to shoot conspirators and hesitant ones, without asking anyone and without allowing idiotic red tape."

In the aggravated situation of June-August 1918, opponents of the Bolsheviks also resorted to terrorist methods of struggle. On June 20, an unknown person killed the People's Commissar of Propaganda V. Volodarsky. The killer could not be found. Even then Lenin spoke out for unleashing mass terror: “Comrade. Zinoviev! Only today we learned in the Central Committee that in St. Petersburg the workers want to respond to the murder of Volodarsky with mass terror, and that you restrained them. I protest resolutely!.. We must encourage the energy and mass character of terror.” On August 30, a young supporter of the Socialist Revolutionaries, L. Kannegiser, killed the head of the Petrograd Cheka, M. Uritsky. On the same day, Lenin was wounded at a rally. Socialist Revolutionary supporter F. Kaplan was declared guilty of the assassination attempt. However, the specific culprits at that moment were not so important - entire classes had to answer for the three Bolsheviks.

In response to these assassination attempts, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of Soviets adopted a resolution that stated: “The All-Russian Central Executive Committee gives a solemn warning to all slaves of the Russian and allied bourgeoisie, warning them that for every attempt on the lives of leaders of Soviet power and bearers of the ideas of the socialist revolution, all counter-revolutionaries will be responsible... For the White Terror The workers and peasants will respond to the enemies of the workers’ and peasants’ power with massive Red terror against the bourgeoisie and its agents.” This meant the introduction of hostage system, when completely different people should be held accountable for the actions of some people. The All-Russian Central Executive Committee resolution paved the way for the adoption of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee resolution on the Red Terror on September 5.

Throughout Soviet Russia, thousands of people were executed, some of whom were guilty only of belonging to “counter-revolutionary” classes and social movements - entrepreneurs, landowners, priests, officers, members of the Cadet Party. The philosophy of the Red Terror was expressed by one of the leaders of the Cheka, M. Latsis: “Do not look for incriminating evidence in the case; whether he (the accused - Editorial) rebelled against the council with weapons or in words. The first thing you must ask him is to what class he belongs, what is his origin, what is his education and what is his profession. These are the questions that should decide the fate of the accused.” Even Lenin reproached Latsis for these words, which, of course, did not stop the wave of murders. Most of those executed were opponents of the Bolshevik regime.

The arbitrariness of the Cheka aroused criticism even from the Bolsheviks. Pravda was forced to note that the slogan “All power to the Soviets!” is replaced by the slogan “All power to the emergency people!” The editor of Izvestia, Yu. Steklov, admitted among his own: “Never, even in the worst times of the tsarist regime, was there such a lack of rights in Rus' that prevails in communist Soviet Russia, there was such a downtrodden state of the masses. The main evil is that none of us knows what is and is not possible. Quite often those who commit lawlessness then declare that they thought it was possible. Terror reigns, we are supported only by terror.” Why be surprised - there is a dictatorship in the country, and dictatorship, according to Lenin, is power based not on law, but on violence.

On November 8, 1918, the VI Congress of Soviets banned executions without proof of guilt. On January 24, 1919, the district Chekas were liquidated, whose punitive zeal was poorly controlled from the center. On February 17, 1919, the rights of the Cheka were further limited. Revolutionary tribunals were now required to pass sentences (except for the suppression of uprisings). By this time, the Cheka had already shot 5-9 thousand people, of which two thousand in the first weeks of the terror.

Subsequently, the Red Terror developed in waves. It took place in the territories occupied by the Red Army, in areas of uprisings against communists, and in the fall of 1919, when Denikin’s army was approaching Moscow, and anarchists blew up the Moscow City Party Committee.
Terror was accompanied by abuse of power. It is now difficult to establish the general scale of terror. We are probably talking about hundreds of thousands of victims of various repressive bodies - the Cheka, revolutionary tribunals, military bodies. The Red Terror was not really class-based. Blows were struck against dissatisfied workers, peasants, and intellectuals.

Commenting on the social model of Bolshevism, the leader of the Socialist Revolutionaries V. Chernov wrote: “This is a colossal machine into which history feeds existing people, with their weaknesses, skills, passions, opinions, as human “raw materials” that are subject to merciless processing. They will emerge from it, certified as “personally suited,” each to their own special place in life, stamped, with the obvious mark of factory production. Some of them end up in the waste disposal department; the remainder must be mercilessly destroyed.”

Occupying the cities, the whites began a methodical count of the victims of the Red Terror, carefully describing the most striking examples: “In Kharkov they specialized in scalping and “taking off the gloves,” says A. Denikin about the atrocities of the Cheka. But when the Whites retreated, the Reds had something to answer. Here is just one piece of evidence: “The mood of the population of Ukraine is overwhelmingly on the side of Soviet power. The outrageous actions of Denikin’s followers... changed the population towards Soviet power better than any agitation. So, for example, in Yekaterinoslav, in addition to the mass of executions and robberies, etc., the following case stands out: a poor family, whose son is a communist in the ranks of the army, is subjected to Denikin’s robbery, beating, and then terrible punishment. They cut off arms and legs, and even infant Hands and feet were cut off. This helpless family, these five pieces of living meat, unable to move or even eat without outside help, are accepted into the social security of the republic.” Atrocities were committed by soldiers of all forces of the Civil War.

In 1922, after the end of the civil war, there was a final outbreak of Red Terror directed against priests. Repressive policies were then introduced within the framework of “socialist legality,” which included a more selective use of executions.

The Cheka was transformed into the Main Political Directorate (GPU), which lost the right to extrajudicial executions. However, in the 30s. Terror resumed on an even larger scale than the Red Terror of the Civil War.

RESOLUTION

The Council of People's Commissars, having heard the report of the chairman of the Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution on the activities of this commission, finds,

that in this situation, securing the rear through terror is a direct necessity;

that in order to strengthen the activities of the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission and introduce greater systematicity into it, it is necessary to send there as many responsible party comrades as possible;

that it is necessary to secure the Soviet Republic from class enemies by isolating them in concentration camps;

All persons connected with White Guard organizations, conspiracies and rebellions are subject to execution;

People's Commissar of Justice
People's Commissar of Internal Affairs
Manager of the Affairs of the Council of People's Commissars
Secretary of the Sov.Nar.Com.

Moscow, Kremlin.

Lenin V.I. Complete set of works. T.50.

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Pavlyuchenkov S.A. Peasant Brest or the prehistory of the Bolshevik NEP. M., 1996.

Ratkovsky I.S. Red terror and the activities of the Cheka in 1918. St. Petersburg, 2006.

"Che-Ka." Berlin, 1922.

How did the position of the leadership of the RSFSR regarding the death penalty change?

What were the reasons for the introduction of the Red Terror? Which of them were reflected in the Red Terror Decree?

In what month of 1918 was the Cheka carried out? greatest number executions?

Which bodies carried out the Red Terror in 1919-1922?

What were the main consequences of the Red Terror?

5.09.1918. – The Council of People's Commissars issued a decree on the Red Terror

Decree on the Red Terror

In essence, this decree was nothing new - state class terror began with the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks. They abolished the very concept of a person’s personal guilt, asserting class and even estate guilt. They declared enemies of everyone who faithfully served the previous legitimate government, worked conscientiously and got rich under the “old regime”, who had the misfortune of being born into a “non-working” family...

But the repressions took on a special scale after the chairman of the Petrograd Cheka Uritsky was killed in Petrograd by the Socialist-Revolutionary Kanegisser on August 30, 1918, and in Moscow on the same day the Socialist-Revolutionary Kaplan was wounded. On September 1, Krasnaya Gazeta proclaimed: “For the blood of Lenin and Uritsky, let streams of blood be shed—more blood, as much as possible.” (Isn’t it strange that these assassination attempts took place on the same day and that Kaplan was immediately destroyed without investigation, like Kanegiesser, but his Orthodox Jewish family was released from prison abroad. Considering the disagreements described above [in the book VTR] in the Bolshevik top, a multi-purpose provocation cannot be ruled out here.)

As if in response, on September 5, the Council of People's Commissars issued a decree on “red terror.” But it was obvious that this was only a “legitimation” of previous practice - only on a larger scale. Previously, there could be no punishment for the murder of a “bourgeois” or “counter-revolutionary” by a Red Army soldier, but now such extrajudicial killings were given the highest sanction and the corresponding organization.

Member of the Cheka board Latsis (Sudrabs) gave printed instructions in the Chekist weekly “Red Terror”: “ Do not look for incriminating evidence in the case as to whether he rebelled against the Council with weapons or words. The first thing you must ask him is to what class he belongs, what his origin is, what his education is and what his profession is. These questions must decide the fate of the accused. This is the meaning and essence of the Red Terror».

Hundreds of “class enemies” - tsarist officials, professors, and military personnel - were immediately shot in Petrograd. A system of hostages from the civilian population (bourgeoisie) is introduced, shot in the hundreds after each murder of a Bolshevik. This also becomes a common method of management: on February 15, 1919, the Defense Council orders “to take hostages from the peasants with the understanding that if the snow is not cleared, they will be shot”... In combination with the policy of “war communism”, predatory surplus appropriation and The anti-church policy of the Bolsheviks led to the Red Terror in the countryside everywhere.

Another instrument of mass terror is increasingly being used: concentration camps. Against the backdrop of mass executions of hostages, at first it looks soft, because Lenin applies it to the “dubious”: “ Carry out merciless mass terror against kulaks, priests and White Guards; the dubious are locked up in a concentration camp outside the city" Then the decree on the “Red Terror” legitimizes this type of repression on a sweeping “class” basis: “ It is necessary to secure the Soviet Republic from class enemies by isolating them in concentration camps" Often monasteries were set aside for camps. The most terrible was the Solovetsky concentration camp, where dozens of bishops were tortured.

Considering the national composition of the Bolshevik elite, it should be noted that an essential part of the “Red Terror” was the so-called “fight against anti-Semitism,” which from the very beginning was an important goal of the Bolsheviks’ punitive policy (that’s why they were immediately called Judeo-Bolsheviks). Already in April 1918, a circular was published with instructions stop the “Black Hundred anti-Semitic agitation of the clergy, taking the most decisive measures to combat counter-revolutionary activities and agitation" And in July of the same year - the all-Union decree of the Council of People's Commissars on the persecution of anti-Semitism, signed by Lenin: “ counter-revolutionaries in many cities, especially in the front line, are waging pogrom agitation... The Council of People's Commissars orders all Councils of Deputies to take decisive measures to nip the anti-Semitic movement at its roots. Pogrom makers and those leading pogrom agitation are ordered to be outlawed,” which meant execution. (And in the Criminal Code adopted in 1922, Article 83 prescribed punishment up to execution for “inciting national hatred.”

The "anti-Semitic" July execution decree began to be applied even more diligently, coupled with the September decree on the "Red Terror". Among the well-known figures, the first victims of these two combined decrees were (accused of performing a service to someone martyred by the Jews), the “anti-Semitic” priest Lyutostansky and his brother, N.A. Maklakov (former Minister of Internal Affairs, proposed to the Tsar in December 1916 to disperse the Duma), A.N. Khvostov (leader of the right-wing faction in the IV Duma, former Minister of Internal Affairs), I.G. Shcheglovitov (Minister of Justice until 1915, patron, one of the organizers of the investigation, chairman State Council) and Senator S.P. Beletsky ( former head Police Department).

By thus identifying “anti-Semitism” with counter-revolution, the Bolsheviks themselves identified their power with the Jewish one. Thus, the secret resolution of the Bureau of the Komsomol Central Committee “On the issue of combating anti-Semitism” dated November 2, 1926 noted “the strengthening of anti-Semitism,” which is used by “anti-communist organizations and elements in the fight against the Soviet authorities.” Yu. Larin (Lurie), a member of the presidium of the Supreme Council of National Economy and the State Planning Committee, one of the authors of the project of transferring Crimea to the Jews and “one of the initiators of the campaign against anti-Semitism (1926–1931),” dedicated an entire book to this - “Jews and Anti-Semitism in the USSR.” He defined “anti-Semitism as a means of disguised mobilization against Soviet power... Therefore, counteracting anti-Semitic agitation is a prerequisite for increasing the defense capability of our country“(emphasis in the original), states Larin and insists on the application of Lenin’s decree of 1918: “Put “active anti-Semites outlawed,” i.e. shoot”... At the end of the 1920s, in Moscow alone there was a trial for anti-Semitism approximately every ten days; could be judged just by the spoken word “Jew.”

Material used from the book “To the Leader of the Third Rome” (chap. III-3:). There are also links to the sources of the cited quotes and documents.

In the territories temporarily reconquered by the White armies in 1919, the terrifying scale of the Red Terror was documented by investigative commissions. They were published and formed the basis, for example, of the famous book by S.P. Melgunov "Red Terror in Russia 1918–1923". Below are some photographs from that time.

Corpses of hostages found in the Kherson Cheka in the basement of Tyulpanov’s house

Skin found in the Kharkov Cheka, torn off with tongs from the hands of victims

Skin flayed from the limbs of victims in Rabinovich’s house on Lomonosov Street in Kherson, where they were tortured by the Kherson Cheka.

Kharkov. Corpses of tortured female hostages. Second from left is S. Ivanova, owner of a small shop. Third from the left is A.I. Karolskaya, the colonel’s wife. The fourth is L. Khlopkova, landowner. All their breasts were cut open and peeled alive, their genitals were burned and coals were found in them.

Dora Evlinskaya, under 20 years old. Female executioner who executed in the Odessa Cheka with my own hands 400 officers.

The Minister of Culture of the Russian Federation Medinsky, at the presentation of the “Name of Victory” competition on November 4, 2013, stated on the Rossiya television channel: .

Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church MP Kirill said at the opening of the III Christmas Parliamentary Meetings in State Duma 01/21/2015 about the Soviet period of history: .

Discussion: 34 comments

The Jews are cursed before God and people, this causes their universal hatred of everyone. But let there be retribution for them according to the word of Deuteronomy: “The Lord will cleanse the land of His people.”

The grandchildren of these fanatics still rule us today; the scale of the atrocities is worthy of the admiration of their grandfathers.

Show this to everyone you can. Let the people know their history. This was done under the commies who were the forerunners of the Antichrist, but we can taste the power of the Antichrist himself, if we do not repent, let us not beg from God the power of the Retaining Autocratic Orthodox Tsar! For Faith, Tsar and Fatherland!

The reader himself will easily be convinced of the high historical value of these materials; It is impossible, of course, to discredit the reliability of the documentary data collected by the Commission - the original protocols of the Extraordinary Commissions with handwritten signatures and corresponding seals, which we first received from the archives of the Commission, are the same indisputable material in terms of frankness as the famous "Weekly Ch.K." " [WITH. P. Melgunov. "Red Terror" in Russia 1918 – 1923 Ed. 2nd supplemented Berlin 1924] They were the first to suffer from enemies, they were the first to die a martyr’s death in the very first years of Bolshevik power. “O Lord, rest the souls of the martyrs, your servant!” Bloodthirsty animals, dreaming of mass murder, remain in the assessments of historians as fighters against the tyranny of “princes and priests.” The terminology is familiar. For decades, magazines and books preached hatred of moral purity and truth and prepared bloody events. She showed the world a terrible apocalyptic vision of the “beast” in reality, many shuddered, and one could expect that reason would awaken and people would ask their leaders what kind of swamp, dirty and bloody, they had been led into. Meanwhile, they didn’t ask. All the “educated” and “advanced” considered themselves leaders and prophets of the “golden age”. Their feelings were fed not by the thoughts of the working people, but by the imaginary ease of achieving “happiness” through a bloody massacre; they loved and praised Lucifer and Judas. Here they constantly cried, until 17, about the fate of only one thing - Jewish people and only the accession of the pogromists of the Russian people in the Kremlin brought calm in this regard to this nervous and acutely touchy environment, where it was customary to hide their nationality, the entire Jewish people felt in shackles, since they were cut off from the opportunity to rule all of Russia and organize in the Kremlin holiday of Hanukkah. And only the fertile times of Lenin, Stalin and subsequent general secretaries gave him the opportunity to feel free and involved in the matter of “correcting” the peoples of Russia according to the law of the Torah, either Marxism or Americanism. [Ostretsov.B.M. Freemasonry, culture and Russian history] Everyone tells him: let him be crucified. 23 The ruler said, “What evil has He done?” But they shouted even more loudly: let him be crucified. 24 Pilate, seeing that nothing helped, but the confusion was increasing, took water and washed his hands before the people, and said: I am innocent of the blood of this righteous one; look you. 25 And all the people answered and said, His blood be on us and on our children. 26 Then he released Barabbas to them, and beat Jesus and handed him over to be crucified. Matthew's Holy Gospel.

How much grief and suffering these children of Satan have brought to the Russian people. They are very fond of calling people to responsibility and branding them with shame.
It's time to answer for all your bloody deeds!

isy informasiy za lybie dengi, dolgorukov frol mehailovic. iz sant piter burga bil soslan v sebir, ile dolgorukov mihail frolovic, tel-3490980987. italia. srocno,

???

vse gasudarstvo i kniajestva gde kniezia upravlayt jivut haraso, netakli - anglia ?- lyksenburg ?- manako ? dubai? nu mojno praverit po internetu i uvidet kak juvut. a rassia sbor vragov,varov,alkanarkodurakov, ? netakli da est i harosie no ot nih ne civo ne zaviset i oni tiha kricat o, da a smisla net i deistvii malo a jizn idet vpered, skora ot rassii nicevo ne ostanetsia - russkova - odni ligendi,.- ?

90 pracentov papov v italii pedarasti galubie, a nas potrearh s nimi drujbi zavodiet, skora i nasi duhovnie nastavniki takimeje stanut,da otsi vi je potrearha alekseia poderjivaete? a k russkim kneziam ne prislusivaetes,.? kto jil v italii tot poimet pravdu i k cemu eto vse , ihnia maladej 80 prasentov narkomani, pidarasti, lizbianki, eta jdet i rassiy k sojeleny , nu nikto i ne protiv da ,- ?

da tolka ideia i vse, ?

Damn all the red-bellied Jew-chicks!!!
forever and ever!

But it is the descendants of these cannibals who have now taken possession of everything in Russia, and not only in Russia.
But we pretend we don't know anything.

Before the Solovetsky camp, there were special camps for special purposes in Arkhangelsk and Kholmogory.
In February-March 1920, 11 thousand people, mostly Russians, were shot in Kholmogory. Valery Shambarov writes about this in his book “THE INVASION OF ALIENS”.
The author of this book proposes to establish the DAY OF GENOCIDE OF THE RUSSIAN PEOPLE on SEPTEMBER 2.

I read Shambarov’s argumentation on the CPR - they say that the decision to issue the decree was made on September 2. But decisions on any documents are made earlier, and their date is officially considered to be the date under the document. In this case, September 5th. Why complicate things?

Ya dumal, chto "anti-Semit" Ippolit Ljutostanskij died 1915 year i on uzhe since 1867 year ne ksendz a pravoslavnyj ieromonach. Who is bratia Ljutostanskie? Who knows, pozhaluysta?

Thank God so much for these materials. They complement the gallery of crimes of Jewish Satanists who have been fighting against Christians and goyim in general for 2000 years, i.e. non-Jews. The worst thing is when these God-fighters and misanthropes seize power in any country. Then they turn it into hell for its non-Jewish population. In order for the peoples enslaved by the Jews to effectively fight against this Jewish fascism, they need to know the truth, which is very different from what they hear from the Jewish-owned media. The Jews, whose father is the devil, the murderer and the liar, and the father of all lies, invariably cruelly persecute every truthful person. “But the truth does not become weaker when the truthful one is nailed to the cross, and cries out in the hearts of living people until they drink away their reason altogether” (from my poem).

Pilate, Nero, Diocletian, Lenin, Stalin, Yeltsin, Bush, Albright, Putin, etc., etc. And the ever-present cry of the crowd: “Crucify...”. Russia, from Slavic oblivion, arose for only one thing - to be a ship of salvation sailing to the Kingdom of God. Any other path leads to the bottom of hell. If you wanted to live without the Tsar-Captain, that’s the bottom for you, even deeper. No matter how many times I look at these (and many other, and even modern) photographs of the celebration of the hellish feast, I see only one thing: “How long, Lord, do you endure?”

And one more thing. The murder-crucifixion of Christ, followed by the torture-murder of His followers, was preceded by the murder of innocent babies. Today, everyone can see in reality (and not in photos) cut off and crushed children’s heads, crushed and severed arms and legs, and mangled bodies. In any "abortion clinic" in the world. And in Russia?.... millions.....!!! "How long, Lord, do you bear with us?"

Well, then you have to beat the enemy with his own weapon. After 3 generations of knocking out the Preobrazhenskys and Bormentals from Russian society, only the Shvonders and Sharikovs remained in the elites of this society. Therefore, it is easy to recognize the enemy - “Do not look for incriminating evidence in the case about whether he rebelled against ... with weapons or words. The first thing you must ask him is what class he belongs to, what origin he is, what education he has and what his profession is.” . These questions must decide fate..." :)
If we began to apply such criteria, to begin with, at least in our thoughts, then the grandchildren of the Red Gaidar commanders would not dress up in sheep’s clothing.
So, gentlemen, first of all, find out about the origin of this or that politician, public figure, writer or simply publicist whom you consider ours and just don’t listen to those who have a Shvondero-Sharikov origin, in this way deliberate provocateurs, traitors and just random people will be cut off . And vice versa, believe first of all those who either themselves suffered from the Soviet regime or have suffered relatives.

Thank you for this!
If anyone could suggest either a link or a documentary book, I bow to the ground!

I recall the words of the Russian cultural figure Smirnov that in our country electing a security officer to the highest leadership position is tantamount to, I dare say, spitting on the icon of the Savior!

You need to know everything about the enemy: S.P. Melgunov “Red Terror in Russia 1918-1923” can be read at http://lib.rus.ec/b/36603/read

I have respect for Mikhail Viktorovich and his activities. But why didn’t he like my comment? I have my own opinion about white generals.

When Russians don’t want to work well for themselves and their homeland, they look for someone to blame - Jews, Poles, Caucasians, the insidious West, etc. Start with construction good home, garden and fence around the site. Yes, not with random sticks, but with even pickets. Get a pig, a cow, a bull, geese, Russian, arrange your life, put the yard in order, drink no more than a bottle of vodka a month. Be sure to buy a gun, a rifle, daggers (like the Chechens), but develop self-control, do not grab a weapon for any reason, be trained, hardworking, and no Jews will be afraid. Take care of your wife and children, dress them and feed them well, teach them politeness and restraint at the table. Otherwise, looking at the Russian hinterland, villages, towns, towns is scary. 10th century, men are like the last bastard, women and children are not well-groomed, no matter how. Actually, Russia now rests on women and foreigners, a mixture of Russians with Germans, Jews, Poles, Tatars. And purely Russian men are waste material. Looking at this, my soul hurts, and in the West, in Arab countries and in the Caucasus, there is amazing contempt and disgust. Correct yourself and forget about the Jewish Massons, don’t forget what hinders a bad dancer.

It's hard to fool me this way. You are the same “Ivan” as I am “Moishe”. But I don’t write on your sites, pretending to be a Jew, saying, renounce your Moshiach, etc. - “and everyone will love you.” All your good wishes to us Russians are correct in many respects, but they are sewn with white threads. Because from above they do not allow Russians to live such a normal life, and all the corruption from above is instilled by you. And your shabez goyim in the Russian government. And the Russian Holocaust, which is discussed in this article, will be presented to you at the Last Judgment. When the Lord judges all nations.

I read all the comments, I was especially outraged by one, I don’t remember whose specifically. But lumping them together with the real monsters of B.N. Yeltsin is going to go crazy. Dear N! Where did you get the idea that under Yeltsin they would skin living people, etc. You must have a conscience! Adieu!

Where is the evidence that they were killed by the Reds and not the Whites? And who is this Aunt Dora? I couldn't find any information on the Internet at all. Maybe the photo is just some kind of saleswoman. In my opinion, these are all just more horror myths.

The last photo is especially interesting. Feature communists (including modern ones) - admiration for female killers. Although everyone knows that these were lesbians with a bunch of accompanying psychosexual deviations. Which is illustrated by the mentioned Dora Evlinskaya. Accordingly, people who admire this themselves suffer from very serious deviations. Lately they have been going crazy, so they are no longer limited to snipers or machine gunners. The NKVD also had women executioners. Therefore, perhaps soon the communists themselves will proudly tell us how fragile girls coped with such difficult men's work. It’s interesting that they manage to push their lesbians even into other eras. For example, there was a Soviet cartoon about a girl in disguise slaughtering Tatars during the Battle of Kulikovo. A film and a theatrical play were made about the only confirmed case (transsexual cavalryman Nadezhda Durova) in the USSR, which was shown in most theaters. How symbolic - of all the participants in the War of 1812, only a lesbian is known to the Soviet “patriots”.

Mikhail Viktorovich proposes that the “Wailing Wall” being built in Moscow for the victims of Stalin’s repressions be called the “Wailing Wall” for the murderers and executioners of the Russian people who became victims of Stalin’s repressions.”

Are the corpses in these photographs enemies of the people? You are not ashamed to constantly mock them, praise their killers and demonstrate a complete lack of human conscience. You're just a scoundrel, you don't fear God, and it's a shame they let you in here.

"There will be no noble blood left in their camp, their aristocracy will be destroyed" ( Old Testament, or the history of the Jewish people). They are not able to break other peoples without the help of the stupid enthusiasm of the deceived or lower strata of the masses, therefore, with the help of the slogan “Freedom, equality and brotherhood” they win for themselves the lower class of society, and then give them the go-ahead - beat the bourgeoisie and the kings in line with them the policy of destroying altars and thrones. The goal of the KGB terror was not only to destroy the enemies of the illegal regime, they needed to paralyze the will of citizens with fear, turn them into an obedient herd, which they succeeded in and which still has its consequences. People fell into the category of socially dangerous without a crime, without an article, without a reason; slander, suspicion or the square footage of the apartment that needed to be vacated was enough. The destruction of all Russian upper classes - the nobility, officers, clergy, intelligentsia, was not at all the result of popular anger or civil war, but a deliberate policy consistently pursued by the Cheka for decades. Russians were destroyed, almost only decent people died in the Red Terror, the Bolshevik revolution killed good people. At the same time, the policy of the Council of People's Commissars and the Cheka was deliberately Russophobic, because in place of the cut-out Russian estates in major cities a motley international rabble was imported - Mordovians, Chud, Jews from the towns, immigrants from the Caucasus, Tatars and Central Asians, Chinese, criminals, as well as red adventurers and thugs from all over the Eastern and Western Europe. It was this terrible policy that changed the anthropological picture of the once Russian cities beyond recognition. In Tsarist Russia from 1825 to 1905, 625 death sentences were imposed for political crimes, of which only 191 were actually carried out. From 1905 to 1910, during the revolutionary terror, 5,735 death sentences were imposed, counting sentences military courts, of which only 3,741 death sentences were carried out. During the Red Terror of 1917-1922, according to various estimates, from 1.7 million to 2 million people were killed. Moreover, all those executed in historical Russia were executed according to court verdicts, that is, in compliance with the legal procedure of that time, while the Bolsheviks executed extrajudicially, that is, from the point of view of criminal law, these are murders, serious criminal offenses. The numbers are simply incomparable, the genocide of Russian people by the Bolshevik Cheka is obvious.

It seems that the one who appeared here is Kirill - Gundyaev. Or a “soloist” from the same swamp.
Surely Rav Yachson himself came to pay his respects and turn everything upside down by participating in the dispute? Typical tactics of the crafty and burry. But the horns are no longer hidden under the hood. And you can see the tail from the boot.