"Industry and business" - Realities - of our industry. Exchange of information. Polymers, plastics Basic industrial chemical components, inorganic chemistry, There are strict systems of checklists, indicators and inspection procedures. Companies leading in the chemical industry. Brantag Univar ICC Helm Sinokem Miki and Co. Revago.
"Chemical industry" - Platform with containers for polymers from Dzerzhinsk. Basic chemistry. Natural. Russia ranks fifth in the world in the production of mineral fertilizers. Rubbers. Potassium. Artificial. Finished products tire plant in Yaroslavl. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are biogenic (“life-giving”) elements. Thermoplastics.
“Mining industry” - TN: Ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy. Products. What does the Review include: “Mining Industry of the Russian Federation: 50 investment projects" Mining industry of the Russian Federation: 50 investment projects. Design and construction organizations. Mining and processing plants and metallurgical enterprises. Clients. Section I. Main indicators of the Russian mining industry.
“Forest industry” - Stages – logging, sawmilling, woodworking, forest chemicals, pulp and paper industry. Composition of the forest industry. Construction complex– paints, varnish, fiberboard, chipboard. Products: Construction materials; Fiberboard; Paper; chipboard; Containers (boxes); Fertilizers. Connection of the chemical forestry industry with other industries.
"World Industry" - Old industries arose during industrial revolutions. Old industries. 25% food. Ferrous metallurgy. What is the sectoral structure of industry in developed (EDC) and developing countries (DC)? microelectronics - robotics, aerospace manufacturing, microbiology, etc. 40% heavy. Name the top three countries for car production.
“Man and Industry” - Mechanical Engineering. The task of light industry is to produce fabrics, clothes, and shoes for people. B. Wolves, hares and foxes. 4. What kind of poultry do people breed? What does industry produce? B. Shark. 2. Why do people engage in animal husbandry? B. Chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys. B. Colorado beetles. What do metallurgy and mechanical engineering produce?
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Project on the environment "electronics industry"
Project goal 1. Find out what the electronics industry is. 2. What the electronics industry produces. 3. What is the electronics industry for?
Plan 1. What is the electronics industry. 2. Why is the electronics industry necessary? 3. Products of the electronics industry. 4. What is the electronics industry for?
What is the electronics industry The electronics industry is the industry for the production of electronic components and products made from them.
Why is the electronics industry necessary? The country needs rapid exchange of information and reliable production management. The products created by him help man to meet such stringent requirements of the time. electronic systems and devices - from a calculator to a heavy-duty computer, from program-controlled machines to fully automated technological complexes, from a car ignition system to an autopilot, from a cellular radiotelephone to satellite communication systems.
Products of the electronics industry Products of the electronics industry find wide domestic, industrial and military applications. Components are supplied to manufacturers of equipment used in computers, telecommunications, military and aerospace equipment, consumer equipment, instrumentation, medical and transportation equipment.
Why is the electronics industry needed? The electronics industry is important not only for the country and humanity as a whole, but also for each person individually. This is convenience and comfort, and most importantly self-development. Today, the government of our huge country has made a big step in this industry.
The project goal has been achieved. I learned that the electronics industry is a very important and necessary area of development and an achievement for all mankind.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
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The electronics industry is often called the brainchild of scientific and technological revolution, and this is true. At first it originated in the depths of electrical engineering (radio engineering), but then actually separated from it, becoming an independent industry. As a typical new industry, electronics is developing at an accelerated pace and, as a result, the cost of production, which in 1999 exceeded 1 trillion, and in 2005 1.5 trillion dollars, is already far ahead of the oil, automobile, and even chemical industries , coming out in first place. At the same time, electronics holds the lead not only in terms of quantity, but also in terms of quality indicators, being, perhaps, the most knowledge-intensive and innovative branch of modern production, which largely determines the main directions of global scientific and technological development. It also brought to life new forms of organization of production, its territorial structure, international geographical division of labor, and monopolization. Its similar role is explained by the fact that it is the electronic industry that is primarily associated with electronization, complex automation, informatization of our lives, meaning a deep revolutionary revolution in both the production and non-production spheres of human activity.
The electronics industry is one of the few sectors of the economy that, since its inception, has not actually experienced any serious crisis. The pace of its development in the advanced countries of the world is usually 5-10 times higher than the average growth rate of GDP. Investments in electronics are three to four times more profitable than those in other industries. In addition, it is developing “in depth” and “in breadth”, covering more and more countries and regions.
In the electronics industry structure, it is customary to distinguish four main groups of production: 1) production electronic means information processing; 2) production of communications equipment; 3) production of household equipment; 4) production of electronic components.
In the production of electronic information processing tools, the leading role belongs to the production of computers themselves, or computers. They began to be produced after the Second World War in the USA, which still remains a leader in the production of many types of computers and components for them. This applies to microcomputers, minicomputers, and supercomputers. Back in the mid-1990s. Computer production in this country exceeded $100 billion in value. Among hundreds of US computer companies, IBM occupies a special place, producing more than half of all computer products produced in the world. Second place is occupied by Japan ($60 billion), where all major types of computers are also produced. Japan appeared on the global computer market later, only in the 1970s, but having made a real technological breakthrough (and overtaking Western Europe), it moved noticeably closer to the United States. In terms of computer sales, the Japanese company Fujitsu is second only to IBM. In third place ($25 billion) is Western Europe, where computer production is concentrated mainly in the four leading countries of the region. Another major area for the production of electronic information processing equipment covers the newly industrialized countries of Asia. However, it is believed that “white” build computers are of higher quality than “yellow” build computers and are intended for a more affluent and demanding consumer.
Over the past two decades, production has grown at the fastest pace personal computers. They appeared in the United States only in 1975, but very quickly spread both in everyday life and in business, including contributing to the creation of automated jobs. Then mass production was also organized in Japan, NIS Asia, Western Europe, China. Nowadays, about 100 million of them are produced annually.
This group of industries also includes software computers. Here the superiority of the United States is even more noticeable, especially due to the activities of several very large American firms, such as Microsoft.
The production of communications equipment (telecommunications) is growing as the use of telephone and telex communications, video communications, email, the use of satellite, fiber-optic communications, etc. Suffice it to say that the number of telephone sets in the world in 2005 reached almost 1.2 billion (400 million in the Asia-Pacific region, 365 million in Europe, 310 million in America, 80 million in Africa, 35 million in South and South-West Asia). The production of electronic communications equipment is 3/4 concentrated in the ten most developed countries, but in the 1990s, China is already leading the mobile phone boom.
Household production electronic equipment ensures the production of the most massive and widely available types of products in this industry. Its roots go back to radio engineering and began long before the advent of the scientific and technological revolution era. And in the future, the production of audio equipment prevailed for some time, but by the beginning of the 1990s. it was already far ahead of the production of video equipment - black and white, and then color televisions, VCRs, and video cameras. They now make up 1/2 of all manufactured household electronic goods, while audio equipment – 1/4, and other types – more than 1/5.
At the same time, this sub-industry was undergoing major geographic shifts. In 1960, economically developed countries provided a combined 95% of the world production of radios and televisions (including North America- more than 30 and about 30%, respectively, Western and Eastern Europe - 35 and 46% and Japan - 25 and 17%). But by 1990, the total share of the three named regions had noticeably decreased. This happened due to the rapid increase in the production of consumer electronic equipment in the newly industrialized countries of Asia and China. As a result, the share of East and Southeast Asia grew to 70% for radios and 60% for televisions. Thus, in 2005, out of the global production of televisions (165 million units), China produced 80 million, Malaysia - 10 million, the Republic of Korea - 7 million, Japan - 3 million. But in general, Japan remains the largest manufacturer of consumer electronic equipment, following the example of which, in fact, other countries in the region developed this industry. And the quality of Japanese consumer electronics remains the highest.
A. Morita, the founder of the world-famous Japanese corporation Sony, writes that it was she who was the first to launch a transistor radio into mass production, created the world's first home video recorder, as well as a portable cassette player with headphones. Together with the Dutch concern Philips, Sony developed and introduced a fundamentally new laser technology for recording sound on CDs. The same company came closer than others to television technology with particularly high image accuracy.
The production of electronic components (transistors, semiconductors) is growing at an even faster pace than the production of a wide variety of electronic equipment. These rates, driven by corresponding capital investments, predetermined the transition from microcircuits, first to large-scale, and then to ultra-large-scale integrated circuits, which was carried out by reducing the size of their constituent elements. Until the early 1980s. The main suppliers of microchips were US companies. They were far ahead of Japanese firms and the European Philips. But then the primacy passed to Japanese companies (NEK, Toshiba, Hitachi), although the American Intel remains the world monopolist in the production of microcomputers.
There are usually four main regions where the electronics industry is located. First of all, this is the USA. Although they lost their absolute primacy in the production of electronic products, they retained both large volumes and the most complex structure industry, in which all its diverse assortment is presented. In addition, the USA specializes in the production of the most knowledge-intensive and expensive products intended mainly for domestic market and to a much lesser extent for export. Secondly, this is Japan. In terms of overall production of electronic products, it ranks second after the United States. The structure of the industry here is now dominated by the production of electronic components, computers and expensive consumer electronics, and all these products, unlike the United States, are primarily export-oriented. Thirdly, this is Western Europe. The electronics industry has received the greatest development here in Germany, France, Great Britain, Italy and the Netherlands. Its structure is characterized by the predominance of enterprises producing telecommunications equipment, computer equipment and instruments, with a significantly smaller role in the production of consumer electronics and electronic components. Fourthly, these are the countries of East and Southeast Asia. They made extensive use of the benefits of their economic and geographical location, the availability of labor resources and Japanese experience, turning the electronics industry into the main branch of their international specialization. This also predetermined its very high exportability.
Despite the fact that each of the four industry groups of the electronics industry has some peculiarities in its orientation (to qualified labor resources, proximity to centers of science, etc.), it very clearly showed a tendency towards the formation of large areas of their concentration with the task of ensuring in one place the functioning of the entire production chain from idea to finished product. That is why many scientific and research parks, technopolises, and “silicon valleys” arose on the basis of the electronics industry.
The electronics industry's participation in global trade is also generally very high, but its four main regions vary quite widely in terms of export quotas. This quota is highest in the region of East and Southeast Asia, where in some countries it reaches 80–90%. In Japan, the export quota, depending on the type of product, ranges from 35 to 50%. In Western Europe – taking into account intraregional trade – it is approximately 40%. And in the USA the export quota is much smaller, it barely exceeds 1/10.
Against this background, the Russian electronics industry looks, unfortunately, very backward. Until 1991, this industry in the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries developed quite separately from the rest of the world, although it was given the task of reaching the level of one of the modern high-tech industries. But with the collapse of the USSR and CMEA and the severance of established production and scientific ties, and even in the context of worsening financial and economic difficulties, it fell into decay. For example, the production of televisions in 1990–1995. decreased from 4.7 to 1 million pieces and only by 2005 reached the previous level.
Description:
The presentation gives a clear idea of the industry of our planet as a whole. The main topic of the lesson is studying key points industrial organizations of the world.First of all, students will become familiar with the definition and general description world production. His general characteristics is presented by a graph that identifies leading industrialists. The USA takes first place, the last - Russian Federation. In addition to this graph, the work includes many other diagrams and tables. It is also said that there are divisions and types of general industry. There are food, light and heavy industries, as well as mining and manufacturing. The slides show the percentage of production units for countries at different stages of development.
The main goal of this presentation is to teach how to analyze data according to a schedule and draw conclusions about the industry about the economy and welfare of a particular state. A separate diagram presents 3 main groups of industrial sectors: old, new and newest. Each of these groups has several subgroups and its own characteristics. Among the slides there is also a map with the distribution of types of industry by country.
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- Date of material creation: December 25, 2012
- Slides: 13 slides
- Presentation file creation date: December 25, 2012
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